nj

D
P-

BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS

OF

NORTH AMERICA,

WITH FULL INSTRUCTIONS FOR COLLECTING, BREEDING, PREPARING, CLASSI-
FYING, PACKING FOR SHIPMENT, ETC.,

Complete Synonymical Catalogue

OF

MACROLEPIDOPTERA,

WITH

A FULL BIBLIOGRAPHY,

TO WHICH IS ADDED

A GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND AN ALPHABETICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE LIST OF

LOCALITIES.

BY HERMAN STRECKER,

Life Member of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia ; Member of the American Ento-
mological Society, and of various other Scientific Associations.

D1URNES.

" TIME AT LAST SETS ALL THINGS EVEN."

READING, PA.

PRESS OP B. F. OWEN,

1878.

BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS

OF

NORTH AMERICA,

WITH FULL INSTRUCTIONS FOR COLLECTING, BREEDING, PREPARING, CLASSI-
FYING, PACKING FOR SHIPMENT, ETC.,

Complete Synoiiymical Catalogue

OF

MACROLEPIDOPTERA,

WITH

A FULL BIBLIOGRAPHY,

TO WHICH IS ADDED

A GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND AN ALPHABETICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE LIST OF

LOCALITIES.

BY HERMAN STRECKER,

Life Member of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia: Mmber of the American Ento-
mological Society, and of various other Scientific Associations.

DIURNES.

" TIME AT LAST SETS ALL THINGS EVEN."

READING, PA.

PRESS OF B. F. OWEW.

1878.

Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1878, by HERMAN STRECKER, in the
office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington.

WILLIAM CHAPMAN HEWITSON

THIS VOLUME 18

WITH PROFOUND RESPECT

AND LOVING REMEMBRANCE

GRATEFULLY DEDICATED.

in tien SBKmli.

Salomo ! wo ist dein Thron hingegangen ? in den Wind.

Lilie ! wo 1st deine Kron' hingegangen ? in den Wind.

Predigest du in den Wind, Erdenweisheit ! innner noch,

Seit der weise Salomon hingegangen in den Wind ?

Bruestest du ini Hauch des Gluecks dich noch innner, Erdenmacht !

Seit der maecht'ge Salomon hingegangen in den Wind ?

Auf des Lebens Fruehlingsau'n draengen tausend Keimejsich,

Fragen nicht, ob tausend schon hingegangen in den Wind.

Feticht' einmal mit Wein noch an, Schenke ! diesen durst'gen Staub,

Eh der nicht'ge Erden.sohn hingegangen in den Wind.

Schenke ! wie ein Traum der Nacht, wie ein Schatten auf der Flur,

1st das Leben mir entflohn, liingegangen in den Wind.

Hoffhungen, wie Spreu verweht, Wuensche, Rosendueften gleit-h,

Liebesseufzer ohne Lohn hingegangen in den Wind.

Falscher Schmeichelhauch der Huld, und des Holmes kraenkender,

Lieb' und Hass ist, Huld und Hohn, hingegangen in den Wind.

Las der Thraenen letzten Best mich verweinen dieses Aug's,

Bis die letzte Spur davon hingegangen in den W r ind.

Licht der Jugend ! Schoenheitsbild ! kaum erschienen bist du mir,

Ghenzend wie die Lilienkron', hingegangen in den Wind.

Lebenszierde ! Schmuck der Welt ! herrlieh prangend, bist, du uns,

Schoen wie Salomonis Thron, hingegangen in den Wind.

Urn dein Angedenken soil ewig spielen Freimuuds Lied,

Bis davon der letzte Ton hingegangen in den Wind.

Fr. Rueckert.

CONTENTS.

PAGE

I. Preface, ..... 1-6

II. Instructions for Collecting, Breeding, Preparing,
Packing for Transportation, etc.

1. The Capturing of Day Butterflies (Rhopaloceres) The Imple-
ments Necessary, ....... 7

2. The Modus Operand! of Using these Implements, . . . 8-10

3. The Capturing of Night Butterflies or Moths (Heteroceres), 11, 12

4. Preparing for the Collection, . . . ... . . 12, 13

5. Cabinets, &c., for containing Lepidoptera, . . . . 14, 15

6. Entomological Forceps, ........ 15

7. Entomological Pius, ......... 16

8. The Arranging of Examples in the Cabinet, .... 16,17

9. Labeling the Examples, 17-19

10. On Cleaning Specimens, ........ 19

11. On Relaxing and Expanding Specimens, .... 20

12. Repairing Specimens, 21

13. Museum Pests, 21

14. Packing and Transportation, ....... 22, 23

15. Packing Specimens already expanded to place in the Collection,
for Transmission to Foreign Parts ; and as regards Foreign
Express Cos., &c., . . . . . . . . 24-28

16. The Rearing of Lepidoptera from the Egg and Caterpillar, . 28-31

17. A few Final Remarks, 31, 32

III. Structure of Butterflies and Moths as shown on

Plate 1, Figs. I-X, . . . . 33, 34

IV. The Terms and Abbreviations used in Works on

Lepidoptera, ..... 35-45

il CONTENTS.

V. An Alphabetical and Explanatory List of Locali-
ties of which the Lepidopterous Fauna is more or
less known, ..... 46-66

VI. Catalogue of the American Macrolepidoptera

North "of Mexico, . . . 67-192

VII. Corrigenda, ..... 193, 194

VIII. Index to Catalogue of Macrolepidoptera, Rhopa-

loceres, . .... 195-208

IX. Bibliography List of Authors and their Works
cited ; elucidating the abbreviations used in the
Catalogue ; with short biographical or autobio-
graphical notes, .... 209-283

PREFACE.

I would beg you friend not to pass this by, for, while that which follows
may concern you the most, this is the part that relateth more particularly to
myself and my wants, and it is human nature, you know, to think of ourselves
first, last and always.

This Pamphlet is the result of numerous applications from beginners in
many parts of the country, for information as to the methods of capturing,
preserving, classifying, &c., Lepidoptera (Butterflies and Moths) ; and I have
endeavored to give such notes as lay in my power, the result of a lifetime
devoted to studying and collecting in this branch of Natural Science.

Almost the first thing the beginner wishes to know, after he has made a few
captures and finds butterflies are not all alike, and not confined to two or three
kinds, viz., little yellow ones and big red or black ones, is whether they have
names and what those names are. In default of being able to obtain this in-
formation, ten to one he will give them names of his own invention, probably
derived from some peculiarity, real or fancied, of form or colour. Then comes
the desire to obtain literature on the subject; then to get. specimens from
other localities as soon as he becomes aware that those of Calabar are not the
same as those of Kentucky ; and so one thing leads to the other until, from
the little acorn sown by chance, a goodly tree doth grow and flourish.

To give some plain information that will tend a little to lighten the labor
of the beginner, (perhaps far away from good collections, libraries and con-
genial companions,) has been my object, as also to increase my correspondence
with many students and collectors, both new and old, in various parts of this
country as well as abroad, with whom I have not as yet had the pleasure of

communicating.

I am not only anxious to secure correspondents in our own States and Ter-
ritories, Canada and British America, but also in Mexico, Cuba, Brazil, New
Granada, Surinam, China, Amoorland, India, Japan, Algiers, Sierra-Leone,
South and East Africa, Madagascar, Australia, Celebes, Moluccas, &c. ; and
should this circular fall, perchance, into the hands of any one living in one or
the other of these countries who is interested in the study of Butterflies
(Lepidoptera), I would esteem it the greatest possible favour to receive a line
on the subject.

Missionaries could do a vast deal if they would collect and transmit collec-
tions of these things; it is not at all necessary that they make the captures
themselves; with a little instruction, natives will make very good collectors,
and if a little pecuniary reward were in the perspective, they might accomplish
wonders.

Soldiers stationed at various points in our Territories could also do good
work in the cause of science by devoting an occasional leisure hour to collect-
ing these beautiful objects ; to any such who feel interest enough to collect
and send me examples, I would be happy to render an equivalent in any way
desired.

PREFACE.

Any persons, here or in foreign countries, willing to correspond with me
or to exchange examples of either indigenous or exotic species, will confer a
great favour by sending me a line to that effect.

Also any one having undescribecl or hitherto unfigured species, either but-
terflies or moths, native or exotic, will confer a great favour by loaning them
for the purpose of illustration and description in the work on " Lepidoptera ''
\\hichlamat present publishing in monthly parts; the greatest care will
always be taken of all such examples intrusted to me, and they will be
promptly returned as soon as described and figured, and a guarantee given to
that effect whenever required; in such cases all credit, of course, will be duly
given to the discoverer.

I will cheerfully an.l gratuitously identify specimens of butterflies and
moths sent to me for that purpose; where persons have them in duplicate the
best plan is to put numbers on the specimens sent, corresponding with those
on the specimens in their collections, and I need only write the names after
the numbers, thus: No. 7 is Papilio Eurymedon ; you look at No, 7 in your
collection and see in a moment that that is the species meant. Where you have
only a single specimen, and wish it returned, it is of course unnecessary to
affix any number, as I can write the name on a small slip of paper and stick
it on the pin of the insect to be returned.

If I have in these pages failed to meet all the requirements of the case, I
trust no one interested in the science will hesitate to write to me, for 1 am
always equally as willing and glad to receive information as I am at all times
to impart any, as far as lies within my power. It would be a churl indeed
who would fail to answer an appeal from one who is traveling the same road
that in bygone days he had traversed. I shall never forget when a little boy
how my heart bounded when one day Prof. Jos. Leidy took me into the base-
ment of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, and pointing to the
books on Entomology told me I had permission to examine their contents.
Great God what a Heaven opened to me ! my books on natural history pre-
viously were sundry of the " Peter Parley" suite; with what contempt I
looked ever thereafter at the venerable Peter, as pictured on the first page, in
knee breeches, surrounded by his numerous descendants who were supposed to
be listening with eyes, mouths, ears all extended, to his accounts of vam-
pyres, cockroaches half a foot long, and the inevitable tarantula, that after
biting people looked at them till they danced themselves to death ; but aias,
the once treasured u Peter Parley '' books had served their time, and their
place knew them no more. How I now reveled in the treasures of old
Cramer, in Donovan, in the wonderful Thesaurus of Mad. Merian, in inde-
fatigable Hubner, and in dust ad libitum. How I gazed wonder-struck on
the great African Saturnidae depicted by the old authors, never dreaming
that I should ever become the happy possessor of such treasures. Time in
this respect has dealt kindly with me, many of Cramer's and Drury's species
and many that Cramer and Drury doubtless never saw, now grace my cab-
inets, and are things of beauty and to me things of endless joy. Oh ! never
my friend, give a cold look or a short word to those who hunger after the
truths of science ; foolish questions may be asked you, and your patience at
times taxed, but remember the time, far back, when you too were groping
in the dark, vainly striving to find the path of which you could only catch in
the distance the faintest glimmer. Remember how a hand was reached out
to direct you aright from gloom and uncertainty to light and knowledge;
show now your gratitude for that kindness, in the only way in your power, by

PREFACE. .3

doing for some other one who is humbly striving, that which at a time long
passed, was done for you. I have passed away from my subject entirely, but
it seems as if it were but a few days since I was taken by the hand and led
wondering, almost trembling into the presence of the grand old masters of
natural science, those titans who laid the mighty ground work for all futurity
to build upon. Lengths of crape were festooned across the Library, centred
in the beak of a great condor, a tribute to the learning and worth of Dr.
Morton, who had then just passed from his studies here to those in a land
where alone perfect knowledge is attained ; and further back peering out of
the gloom, hideous in its frightful ugliness, was the head of Gorilla Caniceps,
looming up like some Afrit or Gnome, the offspring of opium eating orien-
talism, and all around and above were books, books. How I wished I could
but spend my whole existence there, and I recollect staggering under the
weight of an old volume, heavier almost than myself, to where Dr. Zantzinger
was sitting, and asking him where the name of the huge moth there depicted
could be found, and how I stared when he told me that in those days they
had not yet named them, and how I wondered why Adam had omitted naming
such a vast number of beautiful things, or perhaps his records and catalogues
were lost in the deluge, (this latter was the most satisfactory conclusion I
could at that time arrive at.) And when new wonders revealed themselves
at every page, how I wanted some one to talk to about them and to share my
great happiness with me, but as I looked around I could see that all present
were either reading or writing, perchance some one as he glanced up from his
volume for a moment, met my enthusiastic gaze, and gave the little sickly-
looking boy a kindly smile ere he again resumed his book. Oh, those were
golden days ! How I treasured up the first poor battered specimen of the
European Peacock Butterfly, (Vanessa Io.,) for which I paid 25 cents to a
venerable taxidermist, who thought he might as well take my half-year's
savings for it as to throw it away ; how I wondered if by any earthly possi-
bility I should ever get another, in case accident by fire or flood should hap-
pen to this one. Then the first sphinx I ever captured (Lineata I think was
the species,) I kept him in a little box with a glass front, thinking that he
would die before long, in which opinion he didn't appear in the least to agree
with me, as his eyes shone like coals of fire night after night, and thinking
it would overcome the little difference of opinion, I at last run a pin through
his body and impaled him on a board with the innocent idea that it would
kill him, and the stupid thing wouldn't die after all, and my conscience
smote me day by day, for a week nearly, as he persisted in refusing to give
up the ghost ; and at last my father, who couldn't bear to see the thing suffer
any longer, unpinned it and despite the tears and appeals of his first-born,
threw it into the great old-fashioned wood stove to get it out of its misery,
as he said. This fixed that stove indelibly in my memory, it was a monstrous
old thing, that either threw out a fearful heat or none whatever, no medium,
if you let it burn, you had tolerably fair conceptions of Gehenna, if you
lowered the fire, lo ! it would sullenly die away ; " Darling & Smith, Joanna
Furnace," was the inscription borne by this household Moloch. Circumstan-
ces have many years later brought me to my present home, not many miles
from " Joanna Furnace." Since then on many an occasion I have met the
" Darling & Smith," and their children and their children's children, but it
needs none of these to remind me of the ruin of my first great entomological
capture, the recollection of which " only in death will die."

But I can almost imagine P hear my reader's pshaw of impatience at my

4 PREFACE.

retrospective wanderings into the infant realm of bread-and-butter, nankeens,
and credulity-in-perfection, and I may as well agree with my readers as my
recollections of infancy will only cost more printer's ink without further en-
hancing the value of my pamphlet. The novelty of the first underwing
moth (Catocala Amatrix) has passed away, nor can an old torn Telea Poly-
phemus longer hold me spell-bound, and as the years of man are few, and
time goeth far too swiftly, I may as well at once get out of the shadowy past
into the real present, and make the most of it by endeavoring to obtain from
those interested in our beloved science, further material wherewirh to fca->t
my eyes, and to give me greater opportunity of acquiring knowledge of these
most lovely of all of nature's works.

As I continually have need of great numbers of examples of different
species, I am always glad to exchange with parties having duplicates of Moths
or Butterflies, either native or exotic. Of the N. American species I can
always use almost any number of perfect examples of all species, especially,
Lycaenidae, Hesperidae, Sphingidae, Bombycidae, Catocalidae and the
Noctuae and Geometrae generally. Very rare species will be acceptable
even if they be not perfect specimens, for of such we must be content to take
the best we can get, without being too fastidious. I particularly want numbers
of Sphingidae, (except Deil. Lineata, S. 5-Maculata and S. Carolina,) also
Arctidae, any species, Hem. Mai a, Cith. Regalis, Eac. Imperial is, Act. Luna,
Cal. Angulifera, Debis Portlandia, Neonyrnpha Gemma, Neo. Areolatus,
Catocala Coccinata, C. Viduata, C. Muliercula, C. Amasia, C. Relictn, and
in fact any others.

The following are a few particular desiderata of the N. American species,
viz. :

Argynnis Nokomis, cT 9 Arctia Parthenos,

Argynnis Leto, ? Platysamia Columbia,

Lycaena Regia, Citheronia Sepulchral is,

Colias Edwardsii, 9 Hepialus Purpurascens,

Macroglossa Flavofasciata. Catocala Stretch ii,

Sesia Axillaris, Catocala Irene,

Proserpiuus Gaurae, Catocala Zoe,

Darapsa Versicolor, Catocala Consors.

For one or more of any of these I will give large exchanges or pay in
money, as may be most agreeable.

I am also equally desirous of obtaining such exotics as I need from parties
having duplicates from any locality.

The following species and varieties I would esteem above everything could
I but obtain them; and I insert this, not with any expectation of speedily
getting them, but knowing that they are in the world, I hope that perhaps
after many days or years some one or other of them may come into my pos-
session. I can only watch and wait, and beg that if any European friend is
fortunate enough ever to possess any of the following in duplicate he would
remember then that there is one here who has grown grey trying to obtain
them, who will give any exchange or pay in cash for them their price. That
I should die without beholding these would be, indeed, too hard a fate, but I
will not stop to contemplate so desolate a prospect, but will proceed 'to name
the peerless things, which are as follows:

PREFACE.

Pa]). Maackii, Men.
P. Raddei, Brem.
Thais Honoratii, B.
Pa mass! us Bremeri, Brem., 9
l " Eversmannii, Men.
Apollonius, Ev.
Act! us, Ev.
" Del phi us, Ev.
Tenedius, Ev.
Pieris Chieranthi, Hb.
Col i as Aurora, Esp. 9
Vanessa Testuda, Esp.
" Sardoa, Stg.

F. Album, Esp.

Pyrameis Elyrui, Rbr.
Chionobas -Urdu, Ev.
" Sculda, Ev.

Smerinthus Tartarinovii, Brem.
Maackii, Brem.
Kindermannii, Ld.
" Argus, Men.
" Tremulae, Tr.
" Dissimilis, Brem.
Saturnia Lunulata, Brem.

Atlantica, Luc.
" Artemis, Brem.

lam particularly anxious to obtain Varieties Hybrids, Hermaphrodites and
other aberrant and abnormal forms for which I am always ready to negotiate
liberally.

I would like very much to secure correspondents in Bogota, Peru, Sur-
inam and Rio Janiero. Should this meet the eye of any one at any of the
above mentioned places, or any other part of S. America, I would esteem it
the greatest favour if they would do me the honour to communicate with me
for purposes of exchange, &c.

In conclusion, I would repeat that I will always be delighted to hear from
Lepidopterists in any part of the world, and any one so favouring me will
receive the promptest attention.

And should any Entomologist find himself in my neighborhood, I trust he
will not slight me bv neglecting to call on me and allowing me the pleasure

o / O ~ o

of showing him my collections.

I am always ready to identify, for any one, Lepidoptera, native or foreign,
Moths or Butterflies.

Always ready to exchange specimens from our own or other lands.

Parties either in the United States, or other countries, having Lepidoptera
or Coleoptera, of any country, that they would like to sell, would do well by
placing them in my hands for that purpose.

Any persons wishing to purchase specimens, native or foreign, by sending
lists of their desiderata, will be accommodated promptly and satisfactorily,
prices in accordance with the rarity of the species and qr.-uitity desired. I
will also furnish, when desired, Entomological Pins, Forceps, Setting Blocks,
&c., &c., also procure books, pamphlets, &c., either new or out of print, when-
ever obtainable.

In writing, no matter how often vou may have occasion to do so, always
put under your signature your full address, No. of street or Post Office box ;
city or town; county, shire or province; State, Empire, Kingdom, Country;
for it saves much time and trouble to have merely to glance at the bottom of
the letter you have just answered, instead of having to hunt up some old
letter to find the address, or else if you keep a list to have to go through the
address of several hundred correspondents to find the one|T wanted. Always

6 PREFACE.

direct as below, and if you reside out of the United States, instead of Pa.
spell Pennsylvania in full and add U. S. of N. America. Thus endeth the
preface to these pages of

Yours, truly,

HERMAN STRECKER,

Box 111 Reading P. O.,

Berks County,

Pa.

TIHIIE

OF

DAY BUTTERFLIES (RHOPALOCERES.)

THE IMPLEMENTS NECESSARY.

The first and of course principal thing necessary is a bag-net, (See Fig. XI,
Plate I,) this can be made, to answer all practical purposes, as follows: the
rim you can make by bending a piece of strong iron wire to form a hoop,
twisting the two ends together and filing them sharp that they may be driven
into the end of a handle, or, if the collector be inclined to luxuriousness, and
does not wish to excite the interest of the intelligent mob by carrying so curi-
ous ;m implement through the highways on his journey to the glades and
woods, he can have the ends soldered fast to a ferrule of sheet iron or tin, which
can be put over the end of the handle when he gets without the city pre-
cincts ; until that time the net can be carried under the coat, and the handle
will serve conveniently for a walking stick, also as a preventative to the too close
intimacy of canines. To the iron rim there should be affixed a bag made of
fine strong gauze mosquito netting from which the stiffening has been well
washed will do; this bag should be eighteen to twenty inches long, and the
bottom bound with a strip of muslin which is to be fastened to the iron rim,
the diameter across this rim should be eleven or twelve inches. The handle
should be about as long or a trifle longer than an ordinary walking-stick,
if much longer it becomes unwieldy, though practice will make one perfect
in anything, except living without food or sleep, and if a person should
become handy with a long handle to the net, of course the advantage is ob-
vious.

Nets are made in various other ways besides that described ; in some the
rim folds up in sections, in others it is made of steel and can be coiled up like
a watch-spring, (see figs. XII, plate I,) all with the one object that they
may be put in some big pocket to be out of sight until we are in the
fields, for in this enlightened land a man can easily earn a reputation for
lunacy if he lets it once be known that he is a butterfly hunter or any other kind
of hunter except a money hunter; but if the collector be of moderate means,
or of no means at all, as is the case with the writer, then a home-made one
constructed as I have described will answer all purposes satisfactorily, and if
he be ambitious to practice with a long handle, one of those fishing rods that
are in sections, fitting into one another, will answer excellently.

Besides the net you should be provided with some strong pasteboard or
light wooden boxes, lined at bottom with cork, of a size convenient to carry
in the pocket; these boxes are to put your specimens in as fast as you catch
them.

8 DAY BUTTERFLIES.

THE MODUS OPERANDI OF USING THESE IMPLEMENTS.

In catching butterflies the net can be put over them whilst sitting on
flowers, bushes, &c., or with practice they can be secured whilst flying, by
sweeping the net towards them and the moment they are in it giving it a
quick turn that the upper end of the net which encloses the butterfly will
hang over the rim, thereby preventing its escape before you have an opportunity
to secure it. If the net is put over the butterfly whilst at rest it is well to
bear in mind that in ninety-nine cases out of a hundred the butterfly always
flies upwards, so that by taking the end of the net in the fingers and stretch-
ing it upwards, the insect instead of creeping or flying out below as it might
do if it had decent instinct, will fly upwards to the end or point of the net
where it will get imprisoned past all hope.

When they are in the net you can easily kill them by pressing the thorax
between the thumb and index finger, (see fig. XIV, plate I,) the wings being
always folded back ; do this whilst they are in the net; in so doing the gauze
of the net will be between your fingers and the butterfly, but that makes no
difference; do not attempt, to put your hand inside of the net and commence
a chase of the captive which will end either in i(s escape, or what is equally
as bad, in its tearing and ruining its beautiful wings; even in securing them
through the net, in the manner I recommend, it requires some care and dex-
terity to do so without mutilating or rubbing off the scales which constitute
the beauty of their colouring, but with a little practice it is easily done, for
after all experience is the best of all teachers, though withal at times a little
expensive.

The large butterflies, such as the swallow-tails, (Papilio), mother-of-pearls,
(Argynnis), &c., &u. ; are easily killed, when in the net, with but little danger
of damaging them ; but there is a class of most interesting little fellows yclept
Skippers, (Hesperidae), so called from their jerking, short flight, which when
they get into the net keep up a most intolerable nuisance, not content to sub-
mit quietly to their fate, and with no appreciation of the fact that they are to
serve the great ends of science, they do all to defeat those ends and exasperate
the collector by flying and buzzing to a maddening extent; but, as says the
German proverb, " there are more chains than bad dogs," the way to manage
the little fellows is, the moment they are in the net, to hold it at both ends
and stretch it across the knee so that the butterfly is gently pressed between the
folds, then you can finish his existence by pressing the side of the thorax
uppermost, the other side being against your leg or knee, with your thumb
nail; or what is a still better plan is to have with you a small glass jar as
wide, or nearly so, at mouth as at bottom ; it should be about 6 inches high
and o in diameter (see fig. XIII, plate I,) which is a size convenient to carry
in a lunch-coat pocket ; this jar should have a tin cover or top to it, and in the
bottom you should have a lump of raw cotton saturated with chloroform ;
when you have the small butterfly (Hesperia) in the net, grasp the folds
in which he is enclosed in a lump in your hand, and hold them over, or if
possible push them into the mouth of the jar; the odor of the chloroform will
produce a state of repose in the unruly butterfly in which condition you can
take him out of the net and kill by pressure, but I would advise you not to
delay the killing too long, for it takes but a comparative'}- short time for them
to recover from the effects of the drug more tenacious are they of their
worthless lives than are we greater human things.

DAY BUTTERFLIES. 9

Besides the butterflies proper there are various moths (Heterocera) that
also fly in day time, among them the Humming-bird Hawk-moths (Sesia
Thysbe, S. dijinis, S. Buffcdoensis, &c.) ; these must be treated in capturing
the same way as the Hesperidae but as they are large waistcd things pressure
would spoil their beauty, therefore the killing is done by inserting a needle
dipped in oxalic acid or Cyanide of Potash, thrusting it into the head, pass-
ing it lengthwise through the body once or twice, and they will fold their
wings and silently go to rest.

In putting them in the temporary boxes (carried for the purpose) after they
are killed, you can put as many on one pin as it will conveniently hold, but
with the exception of the Hesperidae and Humming-bird Hawk-moths, all so
far alluded to should be temporarily pinned through the side with the wings
closed, which preserves the upper and more susceptible surface from being
rubbed or scratched by the one pinned above it, as perhaps might accidentally
happen if life were not quite extinct.

The Hesperidae and smaller butterflies as well as all night butterflies, (of
which more hereafter,) should be at once pinned through the middle of the
thorax, from the back, and whenever practicable only one on each pin.

The best time of the day for collecting is from early morning, when they
may be picked off the leaves whilst their wings are yet heavy with dew, until
two o'clock P. M., of course on cloudy, windy or rainy days, you will get
nothing but disappointment and discomfort for your pains, but on a pleasant
June, July or August day, with a clear sun and no air stirring, you may
reap a rich harvest. If a desirable butterfly be hovering near you,
it is ever better not to be too rash, for if you stand still he will
flit here and there around you until finally he will come within the
sweep of your net or alight, then if you don't secure him you scarcely de-
serve to, that's all, but to give chase and try to run them down under a July
sun, with the occasional slight obstacles offences, creeks, rocks, logs, farmers'
dogs and farmers' boys, (just as bad,) and to find your expected prey wind
up snugly in a grain or clover field within sight of the farmer's homestead,
farmer's self in shirt sleeves on porch, farmer's shot-gun within easy reach of
farmer's fingers, forms a combination of circumstances by no means conducive
to one's respecting the third commandment.

The best localities for finding butterflies are gardens in the country, marshes
and meadows along the edges of woods, and above all wherever plenty of
thistles and sumac are growing, but unfortunately these valuable plants are
continually doomed to destruction whenever detected, because they will take
possession of ground that some unlettered boor wants for cereals, just as if we
couldn't get our wheat from California if the crops failed here, or if there
wasn't room enough to grow it; why, you can buy California flour here any-
time at the same price as that ground from wheat raised east. But it is use-
less to complain, we must, alas, take things as they are, not as we would make
them, as the millenium is still a day or two distant.

Occasionally fine butterflies may be captured sitting in roads on the mud,
especially if it be full of little puddles of water. I have often taken fine
Swallow-tails, Limenitis, &c., in such positions.

Cow-dung, decayed fish or a dead snake have a powerful attraction; I have
often taken three or four at once that were enjoying themselves at such
attractive objects.

Do not go on hills in dry, stony woods for butterflies; bear in mind
always that swamps, meadows, woods near such, flower and vegetable gar-
dens in the country, and pieces of waste land with creeks running through

10 DAY BUTTERFLIES.

and on which arc growing thistles, sumac, blackberry bushes, &c., are their
favorite resorts, and there you will be rewarded for your pains. But alas,
each year these Paradisiacal spots become more rare; it has cut me to the
soul many a time to see just such places burnt over, strewed with lime and
ploughed up to raise wheat to make bread, to keep the worthless souls in
the worthless bodies of worthless beings which live and die without leavins;

<T> ^5

the slightest vestige of a footstep "on the sands of time."

I would further add that for these excursions a coat made of some light
woolen material is preferable: linen coats are abominable, as the suspenders,
by the aid of perspiration, adorn the back of that garment with a St. Andrew's
cross, which, though of no moment to our country cousins, is by no means
desirable as we get within the city limits on our return homeward, if it be
still daylight. This coat should be plentifully supplied with pockets, two
inside breast-pockets, one of great capacity to put the net, rim and all in, if
you don't want to carry it in your hand, the other for your handkerckicf,
segar-case, small glass jar, &c. ; it should also have two outside pockets near
bottom of coat, the one to put your collecting box in, and the other for lunch,
which latter, although when you start you think your breakfast will last all
day, becomes of vital importance about the time the sun is directly over your
head, when you will devour every crumb and, like poor Oliver, cry for more.
Carry a little India Rubber, leather or tin drinking-cup with you but don't
put much water inside of you it is deleterious during these tramps; once
give way to the temptation of guzzling creek water and by the time you are
ready to drag yourself home you will be as near a gone case of foundering as
any undertaker need delight to see. If you feel thirsty smoke segars, if you
can't smoke moisten your lips with a little lemon-juice or whisky, but don't
moisten with too much of the latter so that the last seen of you is adorn-
ing the corner of some fence, with the flies hovering around your mouth
trying to ascertain whether it was " Mountain Dew " or " Lavan's best proof J
that has put you in a position for your friends to be ashamed of you, sir.

It is always better on entomological excursions to go alone, but if you must
have a companion let him be one likewise interested in the same pursuit, and
when you arrive at the hunting grounds separate with the understanding that
you are not to meet until the time arrives for returning home, and if your
friend has a dog, (which of course he has), which miserable brute must of
course accompany him on all possible and impossible occasions, (for who ever
owned one of those wretched curs that did not have it forever walking at his
own heels and snarling at every body else's), then in self-defence, if you want
to take a single butterfly that day, follow my advice put as great a distance
between yourself and your friend as possible. By the way, in order to ward
off the effects of the sun's rays on yourself, always adopt the old plan of put-
ting in your hat some large leaves (oak, chestnut, <ic.) which have been pre-
viously immersed in water; this is a standard preventive of sun-stroke, nor
will any one suffer from the effects of the sun's heat striking on the head if he
adopts this plan ; the leaves should be from time to time dipped in water as
they become too dry.

NIGHT BUTTERFLIES. 11

THE CAPTURING OF NIGHT BUTTERFLIES OR MOTHS

(HETEROCERES).

For these a different mode is necessary; a glass jar like the one used in
taking Hesperidae, but if a little wider it will be no disadvantage, should be
provided ; in the bottom of this should be placed a number of pieces of Cy-
anide of Potash, over these plaster of Paris mixed with water to the con-
sistency of molasses, should be poured to the depth of an inch or so until the
Cyanide is just about covered ; in a short time the plaster will become set
and the bottle or jar thus prepared will be fit for use for a long time. During
the day many small moths may be detected on the underside of leaves, in
shady corners on rocks, under the eaves of out-houses, &c. ; when one is de-
tected hold the jar over him close to the object on which he is sitting, and he
will become overpowered by the fumes of the drug and drop into the jar from
whence he may be taken out and killed. This mode is the best that can be
used for taking Catocalas ; these fine moths during the day sit on the trunks of
trees, and are scarcely distinguishable from the bark thereof, as their grey
lichen-looking upper wings entirely conceal the splendor of the scarlet, or
yellow under wings, but by looking carefully on the trunks of the trees from
the roots up to as high as you can reach you may detect their presence, then
cautiously and carefully clap the poisoned jar over them ; the noise caused by
your tramping over the dead leaves will often rouse them from their hiding
places, and when they again alight you will have opportunity to secure them.
The Catocalae are always in much demand for exchanging, and whenever a
a species is present you may look for it in numbers ; they occur in oak and
chestnut woods. &c., some species are found where willows are abundant;
all are conspicuous beautiful insects.

For night collecting a preparation of rum and sugar, or beer and sugar
mixed to the consistency of sirup should be painted in patches and strips on
the trunks of trees, and other suitable places here and there but not laid on too
thick ; also you may soak pieces of dried apples and string them with a
darning needle on pieces of twine and festoon the fences, trunks of trees and
other places with them, this mess in either instance has a wonderful attraction
for Noctuae and many will by that means be obtained which otherwise never
would have the fortune to grace the naturalist's cabinet ; the moths will fly to,
and alight on this sweet and delusive mixture and by directing the light of
a lantern on them and using your poisoned jar you can make many captures.
It is not necessary to take every one out of the jar as fast as it falls in, get as
many as it will hold without spilling, and then when the novelty has ceased,
go into your quarters at some adjacent farm house and take them out at your
leisure, in comfort. Do not be disgusted if your first night's experiment
results in nothing but an army of ants or hundred-legged-bugs, but persevere,
for though the first or second or third night even may result in nothing, the
fourth may pay for all of them ; warm dark damp nights are the most favour-
able, windy ones ain't worth anything; but as in everything else experience
will perfect the knowledge of which I can give you only the rudiments.

If arsenic be mixed with the rum and sugar, it will facilitate matters, but in
that case an old sheet should be spread on the ground beneath the tree-trunk,
fence or other object that is anointed with the potion, to receive those which
fall overcome by the poison.

Many moths may be captured in the evening in the country when they fly
into the open windows attracted by your light, clap your jar over them as they

12 NIGHT BUTTERFLIES.

alight on the walls or table and secure them, some of these small things are
of great rarity, and it is among these we must look for new and hitherto
unknown kinds, as the larger and more conspicuous ones, are those to which
the most attention has heretofore been given.

And finally in collecting, always bear the following directions in mind :

1st. Always retain a poor or damaged example until you get a better one
of the same kind.

2d. Collect all kinds, large and small, beautiful and ugly, scarce and com-
mon, those that fly by night (moths) as well as those that fly by day.

3d. Get as many different kinds as possible.

4th. Get as many of each kind as possible.

5th. Recollect that no matter how common a species may be in one locality,
there are other places where it is not found at all, and where naturalists
would be glad to get it.

6th. Always endeavor to secure as many of the night butterflies (moths) as
possible, both large and small, for these have been the most neglected.

7th. Try your utmost to induce your friends in other localities to collect,
for many that may not be found in your neighborhood, may occur in theirs;
and bear in mind that every fifty miles produces variation in many species.

8th. Should any species be taken in copulation make note of the fact, as in
some instances the sexes are very dissimilar, and this is generally a sure way
of knowing if they be sexes of the same insect.

9th. Look particularly for varieties and aberrant forms of various species,
there occur sometimes individuals presenting differences, and in some in-
stances to such an extent as to almost force us to believe they are new species,
as is the case with the variety of Papilio Asterius called P. Calverleyi, of
Aryynnis Idalia called A. Ashtaroth, of Vanessa anliopa called V, Hygiaea
( V. Lintncrii, Fitch), of Pyramcis cardui called P. Ely mi, etc., &c.

10th. Bear it in mind that some species appear in abundance some years,
whilst in others scarcely one will be obtained ; so in seasons of plenty pre-
pare for dearth, and capture all you can ; for should you get a thousand or
more of a kind, it is a small number to supply the numerous entomologists
in different parts of the world who may want them.

PREPARING FOR THE COLLECTION.

After you have returned home from the fields and fens with your accumulated
treasures, and have recruited yourself with food, rest you must not, (for if
you think of lying down for a few minutes or a l^ilf an hour, the demon of
inertia will seize you, and your butterflies will lay till some other day,) you
can immediately expand the larger examples; the smaller ones are probably
too much dried to attempt them at present, of which more anon ; for the pur-
posing of expanding and drying your specimens you must have setting-blocks
or boards of various sizes (see fig. I, plate II,) to suit the different examples;
these blocks should be made off inch wood, with a groove cut in the middle
about to ^ inch deep for the large butterflies and moths, and \ inch for the
smaller ones ; the block should be thickest at the two outer edges and a little

PREPARING FOE THE COLLECTION. 13

thinner in the middle at the groove, so that the butterflies' wings will stand,
when dried, a little higher at the apices than at the base near the body; in
course of time the wings will fall a little anyhow, and it they be set exactly
horizontal at first, when they sink they will be below level, which finds no
favour in the eyes of any except the English Lepidopterists who always set
their examples with the wings deflexed. In the centre of the groove there
should be a couple of little gimlet holes, about J inch apart, bored through
the block ; behind these holes, on the back of the block, should be glued or
tacked a strip of cork, around which (cork) should be tied a piece of coarse,
soft thread long enough to wrap eight or ten times around the block from top
to bottom ; now, having described the block, I will tell you what to do with
it if your own sagacity (for which I would not give much if you were born
in Berks County, Penna.) has not already pointed out the method of using it.
After seeing that the insect-pin is properly inserted in the middle of the
thorax of the butterfly or moth, you then pass the point through the gimlet
hole in centre of block into the cork fastened behind it where it will stick, of
course ; then take the thread (that is fastened to the cork behind) and draw
it close over the top of the block, and close, but not tight, over the wings of
your specimen facing your left hand, then pass it behind, across the back of
the block, over the top and down the front over the wings facing your right
hand, and secure the string in a notch or slit made by a pen-knife on lower
edge of bloclc on side facing your right hand ; your butterfly is now secure,
but his wings are not spread evenly; one is nearer, probably, the top edge of
block than the other, one is nearer the body, perhaps, than the other; to ar-
range this take an insect pin and insert it in the forewing right behind the
costa, (the great front edge of the wing) one-third the whole length of the
wing from the body, and draw the wing to the right position and keep it
there by sticking (without withdrawing first) the pin into the block; do the
same thing with the opposite forewing, then with one of the hind wings, then
with rhe last hind wing, thus you will have the four wings properly placed
and secured by the four pins sticking through them into the wood (see fig. E,
plate II) ; then unloosen and unwrap the string on the side facing your right
hand and wrap it four times, about, around the side of the block, butterflies'
wings and all, facing your left hand, then pass it crosswise behind the block
to the side facing your right hand, then wrap it four times or so around that
side, butterflies' wings and all, and secure the end in the slit or notch in edge
of block (see fig. F, plate II); then take out the four pins that have so far
secured the wings, as they have done their work and arc now of no further
use in that position, then stand yorr block aside in a safe place, not exposed
to much sunlight, to dry. If a small or medium sized butterfly it will take
a week to completely dry it that the wings will permanently retain their posi-
tion, if a large butterfly, moth or Sphinx it will take from two to three weeks
to attain that end.

The above method, with strings, will do admirably for day butterflies and
the smaller moths, but for large moths, which have heavy fur on them and
thick, downy wings, pieces of card board must be laid across the wings and
secured with a pin in the block above the upper wing and below the lower
one (see fig. G, plate II); each card board should be large enough to cover
the two wings on one side, from where they join the body to their extremities,
for if part of the wing only be covered there will be a depressed line cut in
the fur across the wings by the edge of the card.

14 PREPARING FOR THE COLLECTION.

What I have tried to make clear I might have told you my good reader,
by word of mouth in a few minutes, but as that was impossible, owing to my
not having the attribute of ubiquitousness, I still hope I have made myself
intelligible, but different species will want different little arrangements, which
will suggest themselves as necessity requires their use.

CABINETS, &c., FOR CONTAINING LEPIDOPTERA.

Various Entomologists employ different kinds of receptacles for their ex-
amples.

The plan adopted by myself (see fig. II, A, plate II,) is to arrange them
in drawers which are contained in cabinets; the size of the drawers which I
use are 19 x 16 inches in the clear and If inches deep, they arc made of ^
inch stuff with soft pine bottoms, of course if you are wealthy (which few
naturalists in this country are) you can line the bottom of your drawers with
cork which of course is an advantage, but soft pine will answer every pur-
pose. These drawers have the groove, by which they slide into their places
in the cabinets, in the middle of the side, which obviates the necessity of
having strips between each drawer and thereby losing space, in the height
of the cabinets, that would hold a couple of more drawers; in the tops of
these drawers fit narrow walnut or other hard wood frames with glasses
puttied into them, (see fig. II, C, plate II,) these are removed by merely lift-
ing up and laying aside when necessary; I have three rows of these drawers
in each cabinet, the short sides of the drawers being its front, that is when in
the cabinet they are longer from front to back than they are wide. I
paint the top edges of the drawer, where the frame and glass fit in, with
creosote occasionally, say whenever I have necessity to work at that drawer I
put some on, with a large soft hair pencil or brush, the drug permeates the
wood, and keeps away the Dermestes and Anlhrenus, the pests so destructive
to collections of objects of natural history. The drawers should be papered
inside with white paper, such as periodicals and magazines are printed on does
very well, it costs about 60 cents a quire, and that quantity will paper at
least fifty drawers.

The above plan of receptacle I consider the very best, and it is the one
generally adopted for great collections all over the world.

But the drawers should be made to slide into their places very easily; give
them a little play so that you may, when necessary, change them about; thus,
we will say drawer No. 20 is the last containing swallow tails (Papilio) and
drawer 21 is the first containing the Avhite butterflies (Pieris). Now you get
an accession in the Papilio, but your last drawer No. 20, devoted to that genus
is full, well, instead of having to unpin your whole collection to get drawer
No. 21 empty for the occupancy of the new ones, you merely take the last
drawer in your cabinet, (which is empty) and pin your new examples in it,
you then put the drawer that is next to the last one in the place from whence
you took the latter, and the drawer above that in its place and so on until you
come to drawer No. 21 which you will then put in the place of drawer No.
22 and in the space above formerly occupied by drawer 21, you now put in
the drawer which was the last in your cabinet and in which you have pinned

CABINETS, &C., FOR CONTAINING LEPIDOPTEEA. 15

your new Papilio, and the only trouble you had was to put your drawers,
from No. 21 to the last, one drawer further down which of course is a pleas-
ure, for as you pull each one out to change it to its place below you at the
same time have the delight of feasting your eyes on its contents.

Another plan of receptacle is to have boxes made in the form of books
about 12 x 9 inches in the clear, and each half If inches deep in the clear,
the two are joined together at the backs by a piece of stout canvas being
glued over it, which serves as a hinge; when closed the clean space is 2J
inches and the specimens can be pinned on both sides; the superficial space
thus occupied in a double box of above size is 18 x 12 inches; the edges
where they meet can be paintei occasionally with creosote to keep out de-
structive vermin.

The principal objection to this plan of box is that if the greatest care be not
taken always in opening and shutting, the force of the air is apt to loosen the
wings of the examples, especially of the smaller frailer ones.

Others have the bottoms of the drawers, in cabinets, glass as well as the
top, and with little bits of cork gummed to the glass to pin the insects on, or
else narrow strips of same material or soft wood fastened in, for same purpose,
from one end of the drawer to the other; this method has. the advantage of
allowing you to turn the box around to see the under surface of your exam-
ples, but the disadvantage when you want to add new material is fearful;
this plan is only good for a finished collection where the owner intends to add
nothing more, or for a local collection where you know just how many species
you can expect to get and can leave space for each accordingly.

But whatever manner of box or drawer is used, the great desiderata to be
obtained is to keep them out of the action of sunlight and dust, also do not
keep them in a damp place which will engender mould, which ruins Lepi-
dopterous examples past all redemption.

ENTOMOLOGICAL FORCEPS.

Having now your cabinet you Avill want forceps with which to pin your
examples into the drawers; these are absolutely indispensable; I would
sooner do without my spectacles than my forceps, and the only decent ones I
have ever met with in this country are those made by Blake & Co., No. 212
Chester Street, Philadelphia, Pa.; a pair of their make will last you a life-
time, and once in your hands you would as soon think of doing without your
night-cap as of trying to work in your cabinet without them ; Mr. Blake,
himself, is a practical Entomologist and well known through his writings
on the N. Am. Mutilidae, &c.

16 ENTOMOLOGICAL PINS.

ENTOMOLOGICAL PINS

arc made of all requisite thicknesses, the German pins, which run from Nos. 1
to 5, are the most extensively used and are, without doubt, the best; they
range in prices from $1.00 to &1.50 per thousand.

The pins used by English Entomologists are much shorter, and the use of
them is confined almost exclusively to the naturalists of that nation.

No. 3 German pins are best size for general use as they will do for a small
fly and are strong enough for quite a large one ; but with Nos. 2, 3 and 4 you
arc fixed for any size of Lepidoptera.

THE ARRANGING OF EXAMPLES IN THE CABINET.

First see that the examples are spread or expanded in a uniform style,
wings of all in same position and all the same height on the pin, and not too
high or too low, so that one-third of the pin shows above the insect.

In pinning the insect into the drawer or box, seize the pin, a little above
the point, with the forceps which you hold in your right hand, (unless you be
left-handed, then vice versa), at the same time whilst pressing the pin into
the bottom of box with the forceps, hold the tip of the index finger of left
hand gently on the head of the pin until it is firmly fixed and the forceps
withdrawn ; this will cause the pin to stand perpendicular, for if you fasten
it without holding your finger on the head of the pin you may find that when
you remove the forceps your specimen will be leaning to the one side or other.

You begin of course to placa your examples at the upper corner facing
your left hand; some pin them in single rows up and down, for example we
begin with Papilio Philenor, male, right below him we put the female, then
below her the next species, Papilio Turnus, male and its female, and so on to
the end of the row, and then begin the next, and so on ; of Lepidoptera, of the
size of those just mentioned, drawers like those previously described will hold
four rows, of Vanessans, Coliacles, &c., six rows, and of Lycaenidae, &c., eight
to ten rows. This plan is economical as regards space, but terribly trouble-
some, when you get new species which must be wedged in between some of
those already in, and necessitates the unpinning of half a drawer or box per-
haps, with beginners this may be pleasant, with old hands it is simply waste
of time.

The plan which I have adopted and carried out in a collection, embracing
some forty thousand examples, is as follows: I place them in double rows,
thus, we will take for example that group of Picris of which P. Protodlce is
the common American representative, 1 have placed first a male of P. Pro-
todlce then right aside of it the female, then I place another male, with the
under-surface turned up, directly under the first male, then a female showing
the under-surface under the first female, then a male of P. vernaUs with its
female aside of it and below each a reversed specimen and so on, the follow-
ing will illustrate plainly my plan.

THE ARRANGING OF EXAMPLES IN THE CABINET. 17

Pieris Protodice, male. P. Protodice, female.

male, reversed. " " female, reversed.

Pieris Yernalis, male. P. Vernalis, female.

male, reversed. " " female, reversed.

Pieris Callidice, male. P. Callidice, female.

" male, reversed. " " female, reversed.

and so on, ad libitum, if you have the specimens.

If I have but three examples of a species I place them thus :

Pieris Autodice, male. P. Autodice, female.
P. Autodice, male, reversed.

putting the third, male or female as it may be, in the middle, below the two
upper ones. When I acquire the fourth example I remove the third, and place
it directly under the upper one of its own sex, and the newly-acquired fourth
one under the other upper example.

If 1 have only a single example of a species I place it in the middle be-
tween the two rows, like P. Leuoodice below :

Pieris Callidice, male. P. Callidice, female.

P. Leucodice, male.
Pieris Autodice, male. P. Autodice, female.

When I get its mate I push the one I already have directly under the fly
above, and put the new one aside of it.

This plan shows the whole insect male, female, upper and under surface
at a glance, and besides gives room for additions, for if I get an example of
another species of the Pieris near P. Leucodice, before I get the second Leu-
codice, I can temporarily let it occupy the position that the future P.
Leucodice will have, until I have the good fortune to obtain the latter.

Of course, if you have varieties of the same species, or aberrant forms, or
monstrosities, you place them under the examples of the normal form of what-
ever species they may have sprung from. Also, you can place below them
the preserved larva, chrysalids, as well as any parasites that infest the species,
so far as you may be able to obtain them.

LABELING THE EXAMPLES,

which is of incalculable importance, can be done best as follows : you should
have the labels of white card-board \vith plain black borders printed on them,
and three or four dotted lines within ; on these you write, or print with pen
and ink, the name, author's name, synonyms when necessary, name of work
in which the species was first described, locality where found, and if it be a
type specimen state the fact. Here are examples :

18

LABELING THE EXAMPLES.

PAPILIO TROILUS.

Linn. Mus. Ulr. p. 187, (1764).

Bucks Co., Pa.

PAPILIO COPANJE.

Reak., Proc. Ent. Soc., Phila. II, p. 141,

(1863).

Copan. (Orig. type.)

The above is the most exhaustive way of labeling, but will save you much
future trouble ; you may, however, shorten it by leaving- out the work in
which it was first described, thus :

PAPILIO TROILUS.

Linn.

Bucks Co., Pa.

PAPILIO COPA1SLE.
Copan. Reak.

(Original type).

Always remember that the name of the author is as necessary as that of the
species.

If you don't know the name at all, never neglect to state the locality ; when
you have the same species from different localities you can have smaller labels
for each locality, only using the large label with the name for the first two of
a species, and giving each of the other localities one of the smaller labels,
thus:

PIERIS OLERACEA,

Harr.

Trenton, N. J.

Ontario, Canada.

Great Slave Lake.

Labrador.

Massachusetts.

These labels are fastened to the bottom of the drawer or box, directly
above the specimens of the insect designated, by a short pin at each end.

Many Lepidopterists collect the species of their own country or locality
only, others, those having the greatest collections, place the species from afl
countries together, which I hold to be the only proper way, as nature has not
set county lines in such matters, and the species of all parts of the world
are but links in the great chain, and by omitting those of some particular
country you break the chain, and must produce discordancy. In my own
collection, before referred to, I have placed those from all countries together,
thus: in the orange-colored forms of the Coliades I have them native and
foreign arranged in the following manner:

LABELING THE EXAMPLES.

Colias Eurydice, d?, Cal.

Cerbera, 9d, Bogota.

Qesonia, d 9 , Georgia, &c.

Aurora, d, Amoorland.
" Eurytheme, d 9, Cal.
" var. Kewaydin, d9, Cal.

var. Ariadne, d9, Cal.

Vauterii, d, Chili.
" Pyrothoe, d 9, Brazil.'
" Erythrogrammus, d 9 Bogota.

Myrmidoue, ^ 9, Hungary

C. Chrysotheme, c?9, Hungary.
" Electra, d 9 , Cape Good Hope.
u ? Fieldii, d, Himalaya.
" Edusa, d9, Germany, &c.
" var. Helice, Germany, &c.
" Aurorina, d9, Armenia.
" var. Libanotica, d9, Persia.
" var. Heldreichii, d, Greece.
" Sagartia, d9, Persia.
" Hecla, d 9, Greenland.
" Meadii, d9, Colorado.

and so on, group after group, just as they seem nearest to each other in
structure, <fec., regardless of locality.

It is never amiss to have the same species represented by examples from
various localities, as it is vastly interesting to see what changes may be pro-
duced by climatic and other causes, as for instance Limenitis Misippus, which
is red in the northern States, the same colour as Danais Erippus, is very dark
brown almost blackish in Florida, where it resembles another species of
Danais called Berenice ; and the female of the Central American form of
Papilio Asterius has a broad sub-marginal band or row of yellow spots on all
the wings like the male, whilst the female in the common United-States form
is almost altogether devoid of these spots; in the female of the same species
from Labrador the yellow band is broader even than in those from Central
America, which is still more curious when we consider that in those found in
the United States, between the two extremes of Labrador and Central Amer-
ica, the female is destitute of the macular band, or has it represented only
by a few small, half-obsolete spots.

ON CLEANING SPECIMENS.

Sometimes a butterfly or moth will be found to be more or less greased on
body and wings, always starting at body and extending over the wings more
or less, defacing and altogether hiding their beauty. This may be entirely
removed by the following process : get a wide glass jar, need not be very deep,
put a thin slab of cork in the bottom, the cork should be a trifle larger than
the inside of the jar, so that it will take a little gentle squeezing to get it
down to the bottom tight that it cannot move ; pour the best refined benzine
into the jar to the depth of two inches or so, and pin your greasy specimen
on the cork in the bottom of jar so that it will be entirely covered with the
benzine, then cover the top of jar, and let it rest a longer or shorter time a
half an hour generally suffices, but if very bad they need a longer time ; when
you think the specimen was in long enough, take it carefully out by the pin,
and pin it on a piece of cork, stand it in some safe place where it ain't dusty,
and do not be frightened at the desolate, slunk appearance of your specimen,
for no matter how bad it looks, depend on it, it will come all right ; just let
it alone ten or fifteen minutes, and you will find it beautiful, brilliant, and

20 ON CLEANING SPECIMENS.

all the grease gone, or, if any traces of the latter still remain, give it another
benzine bath ; should the wings, after it is dry and the benzine evaporated,
appear a little curled or bent, put it into the slack pot (hereafter described)
from twelve to twenty-four hours, or longer if necessary, then fasten on set-
ting block with card board stretched across the wings ; let it remain on the
block three or four days, then take it off and pin in its place in the cabinet,
and you will have no cause to complain of the result of your labour.

ON RELAXING AND EXPANDING SPECIMENS.

Where specimens are received in papers, with the wings folded, or badly
set, or on pins with the wings pointing four ways for Sunday, they should be
treated in the following manner :

A large earthen pot is needed, what the housewife calls a butter-pot is the best;
this is about 10 inches in diameter and 6 or 7 deep, and has a lid to cover it;
of course if you can't get this kind any other crockery-ware thing will do,
but this is the most convenient in size and shape, being of as great diameter
at bottom as at top. Into this you put 2 or 2J inches of clean white sea sand,
kept by the grocers and called silver sand; do not get it too fine, it is better
a little coarse, that which is used to saw marble is the best. Pour in
water enough to permeate through and through it, but not enough
to make a slop or to stand on top of the sand,* then smooth the sand over
and lay thereon two thicknesses of clean white paper, (don't use paper that is
printed on). On this you lay or pin the examples that need softening, then
put a couple of pieces of paper over the top of the jar or pot outside, and put
the lid on, working it around a little that it squeezes the paper into the joint
and fits tight, this paper under the lid is to make a tight joint, as the lids of
crockery articles are not proverbially tight fitting ; stand the pot in a dry,
cool place, (but not where it is cold enough to freeze) ; if it be too warm the
examples are liable to mould, and to relieve specimens of Lepidoptera of
mould, without injuring them, is impossible; a piece of gum camphor laid
in the pot, or a small vial of creosote stuck in it in the sand will act as a
partial preventive to mould. Let your pot stand twenty-four hours in
peace, don't lift the lid and look in every half hour, but when twenty-four
hours have clasped, look at the specimens, try gently if the wings can be
moved in any position ; if easily moved, take the examples out of the pot and
expand on setting blocks, according to the same directions previously given
for expanding and drying specimens freshly caught ; but with these dried
specimens, it is not neccessarv that they remain on the setting blocks
more than two or three days to be fully dried and fit for the cabinet ; in fact,
with the smaller ones you will have to be quick while fixing them on the
blocks lest they dry before they ought to ; it is best to set them on the blocks
in a cool room, a damp cellar would be excellent to expand such specimens
in, but not to let them stand in after they are expanded ; to dry properly
they should be put in a dry moderately cool room in a closet with gauze over
the doors or in a skeleton box covered with gauze or else merely set on edge

*You need not afterwards add anv more water for several months.

ON RELAXING AND EXPANDING SPECIMENS. 21

on a table in a room where there is not much dust likely to be stirred up ;
if the specimens get dusty they can be gently brushed off with a very soft
long-haired camels-hair pencil, but be careful you don't brush the antennae
and little pieces out of the edges of the wings along with it.

REPAIRING SPECIMENS.

Sometimes in transposition, or from other causes valuable specimens be-
come more or less broken, and in too unsightly a condition to be fit for the
cabinet, but, with care and patience, this can be in a great measured remedied.

The best adhesive to be used is gum tragacanth mixed with water until
it is of the consistency of jelly ; this adheres to the wings, dries quickly, and is
by far the best thing for the purpose that can be used ; don't mix gum
arabic with it ; and if it does smell a little bad after standing a week or two
that don't hurt it, it will stick just as well as before nature perfumed it.

If the wings of your specimen be split or pieces torn out, you can, with a
small soft hair-pencil or brush, put a little of the dissolved gum tragacanth
along the parts to be joined, and they will close together; if the piece be en-
tirely torn out, it is then necessary to back it up by pasting against the
under surlace a piece of wing taken from a worthless specimen of the same
species, or in default of that something that will come very close to it; it
takes practice to do this neatlv, and the exigencies of the case will at times
tax your ingenuity to its utmost.

Of course the less repairing that is done to specimens the better, but where
the preservation from further injury depends in its being fixed, we had better
take our choice of two evils, and select the least.

Never use glue; or gum arabic, but always gum tragacanth, which is the
best; starch or even common flour paste is immeasurably to be preferred to
glue, to use this latter is simply barbarous.

MUSEUM PESTS.

When Anthrenus or Dermestcs (the small beetles that infest collections of
Natural History) are in a specimen, their presence may be detected by a fine
dust on the bottom of the box around the pin on which the infected insect is;
as soon as this is discovered take out the specimen with the forceps, and
whilst holding the pin tight strike the forceps a couple of smart raps on
the table; this will dislodge the robber, and you then put an end to
his baneful existence in any way that your ingenuity or the magnitude of the
oftenee may suggest. A constant surveillance should be kept over a collection,
anointing the drawers with creosote, &c., &c. On getting new examples
from other parties, it is well first to put them in another box, that is strongly
poisoned with creosote ; let them remain there tightly closed a week or so before
placing them finally in your collection.

22 PACKINC4 AND TRANSPORTATION.

PACKING AND TRANSPORTATION.

As no Entomologist is able to collect even in all parts of his own fatherland,
let alone in foreign parts, he is obliged to get examples from other localities by
exchanging duplicate examples of those found in his own neighborhood, and
by purchasing ; and, inasmuch as one fine, perfect specimen is worth any
number of damaged or defective ones, it is requisite to pay particular atten-
tion to the packing for transportation.

We will begin first with the day butterflies (Rhopaloceres) ; these may be
packed singly in papers without expanding; in using this method the butter-
fly should have the wings folded back, in the position that they occupy when
at rest, and should then be put in a paper folded in a three cornered envelope ;*
the locality and date of capture may be written on this envelope with lead
pencil before putting the specimen in it; the paper used should be soft, not
too stiff or heavy, and care should be taken, in placing the butterfly in, that
its wings or feelers (antennae) do not get caught in the folds of the paper, and
consequently broken or scratched. The papers containing the butterflies may
then be put in a flat segar-box as many as it will hold; that is, they maybe
placed in the box carefully until it is a little over full, so that in closing the
lid down gently it will press them down and by that means they will not
shuffle about loosely in the box, but care should be taken that it be not, on
the contrary, too full, lest the pressure in closing the box might break them ;
keep a just medium ; before fastening the lid down put in a little gum-
camphor, in fine pieces or dust, (a large lump would damage the specimens)
to keep vermin away until your box reaches its destination, and thereby
probably save the contents from destruction ; in the absence of camphor,
tobacco dust, wild sage or other strong-smelling herbs will do as a substitute.

After the lid is down, it should be secured by having strong paper strips
pasted over the edges all around, and if the side and bottom edges are also
pasted over with paper it will be an improvement in the way of keeping the
contents safe from the access of vermin ; if the paper used be such as is im-
pervious to damp, so much the better, common boiled flour paste is better than
glue or gum. Butterflies done up in this way need no further packing, and
may be sent by mail to any part of the United States or possessions, at letter
rates of postage, 3 cents per oz. or fraction thereof. If the box be not pasted
shut, but only tied tight with strong twine, and does not exceed 12 oz. in
weight, it will go at sample parcel rates, which is much cheaper, being only
2 cents for every 2 oz. or fraction thereof, but the latter has the disadvantage
of being opened by the Post Office officials in the course of their duty, and as
these gentlemen and ladies are not all naturalists, or acquainted with the
mode of handling such objects, damage is sometimes unavoidable; it is
best if the specimens are many and valuable to have the boxes pasted shut,
even if the postage is higher. I certainly always would prefer that plan.
For the address you must paste a clean piece of yellow or white paper on the
lid, and write on it always the full address, thus :

Name,

No. of Post Oflice box, or street, as the case may be,
City or town,

County, Shire or Province,

State, Kingdom or Empire,

Country.
* See Plate 2, C 1, C 2.

PACKING AND TRANSPORTATION. 23

Do not give merely the man's name and town and imagine because he is a
valued friend of yours, and known to naturalists, that he is by any means as
equally well known to the Post-Office carriers, who have enough to do with-
out doing hours of work that you might perhaps save them by a scratch of
the pen. I always direct all letters in full, and of the thousands I have
written, I can. recollect of but four failing to reach the parties addressed, and
in the case of two of these it was owing to the parties having removed to
parts unknown ; bear these few hints well in mind, and you will save the
Post-Office officials, your correspondents, and yourself much trouble and dis-
appointment, and perhaps in some cases loss to yourself.

The packing of moths must be managed differently, for to fold their wings
back like the day butterflies is unnatural and compresses the back of the
thorax destroying much of the beauty; they should be put on pins; where
it is absolutely necessary three or so may be put on one pin, leaving a little
space between each; but I would advise this only where it is necessary to
make the package containing them as small as possible ; it is infinitely bet-
ter to put but one on each pin ; these can be pinned tightly into a flat segar-
box, lined with cork at the bottom ; force the pins in with the forceps, force
them through the cork into the wood of the box even, if you choose, for if
only one gets loose during transportation it will ruin probably the contents
of the whole box ; before putting them in see that the abdomens are all tight ;
if one be loose put a little dissolved Gum Tragacauth on below where it is
joined to the thorax, this you do of course with a small camels-hair pencil
or toy paint brush. With the larger moths and Sphingida? it is necessary to
secure the abdomen by a little raw cotton drawn over it and secured by pins
forced into the bottom of the box, so if the abdomen should get loose from
the thorax it cannot move from its position or do harm ; I will allude further
to this in my remarks on packing expanded and prepared specimens to send
to foreign parts; when the specimens are all tightly pinned in the box,
paste it shut. But in this case, where your examples are on pins, you must put
your segar-box, containing them, into another larger box of light wood or
stout pasteboard, and have the space between the two filled with raw cotton, fine
marsh hay, tow or kindred soft material ; if you neglect this, your correspond-
ent will have the mortification of receiving the examples without their
antenme or abdomens, as it is the soft packing, between the inner and outer
boxes, that acts like a spring and breaks the jarring that, of course, anything
is subject to during transportation by railway or coach ; the space between
the box containing the Lspidoptera and the outer box should not be less than
one inch. When all is packed, direct it, ask your Postmaster the amount of
stamps requisite, see that he carefully weighs it, see that you rub the stamps
tightly on with your thumb nail don't just wet one corner and give them a
dab with the end of your finger and let them go these are trifles, you will
say, but attention to them may save, perhaps, much time and vexation.

24 PACKING SPECIMENS ALREADY EXPANDED,

PACKING SPECIMENS ALREADY EXPANDED TO PLACE IN
THE COLLECTION, FOR TRANSMISSION TO FOREIGN
PARTS.

For this purpose it is best to have boxes made of very stout paste-board, bin-
ders' board, or of light wood such as is used for segar boxes ; these boxes should
be 10 x 14 inches and If inches deep in the clear, the lids should fit over
them, the bottom of the box must be lined with cork or other soft material ;
cork is the best as it is tenacious and closes on the pin when it is inserted into
it, whilst in aloe pith and such like the pin breaks a hole into it, as it were,
and jarring during a long journey may loosen the pin entirely, that it drops
out; then the very mischief is loose, as the insect thus freed rolls from end
to end of box cutting furrows through the lines, of beautiful specimens, it is
enough to burn one's heart even to think of it.

In the centre of the lid of this box, cut a square hole, 3 x 3^ inches, and
on the outside of the lid, over this hole, lay a piece of stout glass of about
4x5 inches, which you secure in its place by first fastening strips of stout
paper along its edges to the lid with gum arabic, (which adheres to glass),
and then paste other larger strips over these with flour paste; this will secure
the glass firmly in its place ; this glass is, of course, only necessary to be put
into boxes that have to pass through the hands of Custom House officers ;
they see through the glass that the contents are insects, and that ends the
matter ; but were the glass not in they would rip the boxes open where they
are pasted shut, and in so doing damage the contents, besides they would
not again be pasted shut, and I leave you to imagine in what state your but-
terflies will reach their destination.

The box just described is the best I know of; it is light in weight, suffi-
ciently strong, and with careful packing a great number of examples may be
safely put away.

Never use a double box for transportation, in which the insects are to be
pinned on both sides; such boxes are only fit to stand on the shelves of a
closet, but never to send away.

After the bottom of the box has the cork glued securely in, paste clean
paper over the cork, when that is dry put a thin layer of clean, raw cotton
over the whole bottom ; you can secure this by pushing a dull punch or awl
through the cotton into the cork, giving the awl a twist and then pulling it
out the cotton will stick in the hole; do this here and there, at spaces of
about two inches apart, along the edges.

You are now all ready to put your specimens into the box ; you begin at
the uppermost corner, facing your left hand, and pin a butterfly or moth in
with the forceps, force the pin in tightly and see that the body is all tight and
right, then take another butterfly and pin him aside of the first, letting his
wings, facing your left hand, cover the wings of the first one you put in, facing
your right hand, then take another, and so on until you get to the edge of
the box facing your right hand ; then begin a second row, at the same end of
the box as you began the first, and when you place the first butterfly of this
second row try to get the head and thorax between the hind wings of the fly
right above him, which will cause his front wings to partially cover the hind
wings of the specimen right above him ; after he is in place take another, and
so keep on ; Diagram III A, Plate 2, will make the above clear. This
method is called shingling, and is used and probably originated with the Ger-
man Lepidopterists, and a better or prettier way don't exist ; it is best to have

PACKING SPECIMENS ALREADY EXPANDED, &C.

25

the specimens in one row, as near of a size as possible, and in the case of large-
bodied moths always secure the abdomen in the manner described on page 23.

Another plan, somewhat similar to that just described, is to begin at the
upper corner, facing your left hand, as in previous instance, but, instead of
pinning from left to right, to pin from top to bottom of box; see Diagram
III B, Plate 2 ; but the first plan will be found the best, on trying.

If you wish to send the names of the examples along, the best plan is to
put on the pin, near the point, of each specimen a little piece of paper with a
No. corresponding to a No. on a list which you send by mail; thus, No. 5 is
on the pin of a white butterfly your correspondent looks on the list you have
sent him, and finds that No. 5 is Anthocharis Genutia. Here is the plan of
making out lists :

ORDINARY FORM.

NAME.

a

o

LOCALITY.

1

1

Heliconius Cydno d

2

6 Colias Philodice d 9

3

2 Colaenis Dido

4

1

Catocala Nupta 9

5

2 Deilephila Zvgoplivlli d9

Bogota.

Penna.

Para.

Germany.

Russia.

FORM IN WHICH THE EXCHANGING is DONE ON A MONEY BASIS, EACH

EXAMPLE HAYING A FIXED PRICE.

' ^

1

'o

.E - p

r-*

.

V c3

o3

3 _

pH , \U j

X ^^ ^

^^ ! /~s !

<U LJ C5 _S

f^ C^
<* Qp)

NAME.

Q^ <

2 5 ^

LOCALITY.

rt

<U -r PH

PH PH

QJ """ 2

c^

O

^Q oJ t

O>

.2 ^2 x

r^ X

O

"SH O O

i-3

<^ C3

^'l

1

1

Heliconius Cvdno <? $0.75 $0.75 Bogota.

2

6

Colias Philodice d 9

.05

.30

Penna.

3

2

Colaenis Dido

.50

1.00

Para.

4

1

Catocala Nupta 9

.15 .15 Germany.

5 i

2

Deilephila Zygo^phylli d9

3.75 7.50 Russia.

Always keep a copy of the list, so that if your letter containing it is lost,
you can make out another for your friend.

Never send this list in the box or package which contains the butterflies,
unless they are not going out of the country, for the revenue regulations are
strict as regards sending writing in boxes of goods, and never, on any pre-
tence, send a letter in a box that is to pass through the Customs ; it not only

26 PACKING SPECIMENS ALREADY EXPANDED, &C.

would got you into trouble, but also your consignee, and the party or company
who transport your packages; the penalty would be heavy fines and total
confiscation of your box or package.

You now have your butterflies all pinned tightly in the box which presents
a beautiful mosaic of tints and shades that the art of man is futile to imitate ;
after giving them a last admiring look, you may with a brush smear a little
creosote on the inside of the lid here and there, not slop it on, but rub a little
back and forward with the hair pencil till nearly dry, as it were ; then put
the lid on and paste it fast with strips of strong paper, so that neither vermin,
dust, or anything else can get in secure every place ; thus they are safely
shut in, though you can still get a peep at a small portion of the contents
through the glass placed in the lid for the delight of the Custom House
officials.

You have now four of these boxes filled and pasted shut (the paste is en-
tirely dry by this time) ; these, when placed on each other, make a bulk of
13 inches long, 10 inches Avide, and 8i high, allowing for some fine hay or
layers of old, soft paper to be placed between each. What you next require is
a tight box, made of strong, light, i inch wood, to be in the clear 16 inches
long, 13 inches wide and 12 inches deep; in this you must put fine, dry
marsh hay, tow or other soft, springy material, to the depth of 1| inches, then
place in one of your boxes of butterflies, all around which, after it is in, will
be 1J inch space ; this space you fill with more hay don't pack tight, only
moderately, so that there is a little spring, as it were then put on top of this
box of butterflies, just packed in, a thin Mayer of hay or a few thicknesses of
old, soft paper, and put in then your next box and pack hay around it, and
so on until the four boxes are in ; there will be then If inches space between
the last box of butterflies and the top of the wooden box enclosing them ; fill
this with more hay not too tight packed, yet not too loose and screw on the
lid of the wooden box ; don't nail it, by any means always screw it do not
use more screws than are necessary, but still enough, then direct plainly as
follows :

SPECIMENS OF NATURAL HISTORY INSECTS.
Handle Carefully and Keep Dry Fragile.

Name of party to receive the box,

No. and Street,

City, Town or Village,

County, Shire, Canton, &c., as the case may be,

Kingdom, Republic, Principality, &c., as the case may be,

Europe, U. S. of N. Anierica, &c., as the case may be.

Care of, or via

MORRIS EUROPEAN AND AMERICAN EXPRESS,

Office, 50 Broadway, New York, N. Y.

PACKING SPECIMENS ALREADY EXPANDED, &C. 27

Do this and your box is bound to go safely.

You can also put in pamphlets and other printed matter along with your
butterfly boxes, but in that case you must state so in the direction under
" Specimens of Nat. History," thus, " Samples of Publication on Nat. His-
tory," or whatever it is ; but be careful and, as I before cautioned you, never
put any letter or other writing in, also put nothing more in than what you
state on the outside of the box to be its contents.

You have now all ready for shipment, and though it has cost you trouble,
it has been a pleasure to you nevertheless, and you anticipate many additions
and new treasures for your collection as the result of this lot.

If you live in New York, you have only to have your box delivered at the
office of the Morris European and American Express, 50 Broadway, N. Y. ;
get it insured if you wish to they will do that for you, too, at a moderate
rate and should the vessel go down taking your box with it you will receive
its value in money, which, of course, isn't as satisfactory by half as having
your box reach its destination in safety, but, as " man proposes and God dis-
poses," as our old copy-book headers used to say, it is still better than to get
nothing at all.

Having paid your insurance and got the receipt therefor, and bill of lading,
you have nothing further to worry about ; your box will go safe and be de-
livered at the door of your consignee, be it in Liverpool or St. Petersburg,
Alexandria, Bombay, Cape Town, or anywhere else.

There are also other trans- Atlantic Express Cos., but this is the one that has
done my principal business, and has always done it well, safely and rapidly,
in less time and at less cost than any other company. Their Central European
Office is at present 7 Rue d'Antin, Paris.

Principal Office in Great Britain London : Geo. W. Wheatley & Co.,
Globe Foreign Express Chief Office, 156 Leadenhall Street. Branch Offices
-33 St. Paul's Churchyard ; 23 Regent Street.

Liverpool : Geo. W. Wheatley & Co., Globe Foreign Express, 10 North
John Street.

Hamburg : P. Lehrs, 31 Kleine Reichenstrasse.

Bremen : Heinrich Becker, 39 Langestrasse.

If you live inland, your nearest Express or Transportation Co. will take
your box to the nearest office of the Morris European and American Express,
and give you a receipt for its safe delivery ; you can also, if necessary or de-
sirable, write at time of shipment, to the Company's Office, advising of fact of
shipment and giving or asking any information desirable.

If you live in the United States, you can, through this company, have any-
thing brought from Europe or elsewhere, by advising your correspondents to
ship by them, as through them you can get a box from St. Petersburg to San
Francisco and vice versa.

A box of the size described will cost, to send from New York City to any
part of Germany, $4.00 ; this covers all expense except Custom House Duties,
but objects of Natural History are exempt from all duties whatever.

For further particulars of rates, &c., the Morris European and American
Express circulars furnish full details, besides much other valuable information ;
these can be had on application, by mail or otherwise, at any of the Company's
Offices.

If you wish to send from the United States to Canada, or vice versa, the
same- precautions are necessary and must be observed, as there are also Custom
Houses on the Canadian line, but you can forward your boxes, &c., to Canada
by the Central Express whose agencies arc almost everywhere in N. America.

28 PACKING SPECIMENS ALREAD\ EXPANDED, &C.

If you wish to send to California or far west, or the West, it takes longer
and is as' expensive, and there is more risk than in sending to or from Egypt.
The very best way to get your specimens to or from there, if there be not too
large a quantity, is to use the mail, but if you have such quantity as will make
a bulk of 1 to Itj cubic feet, use the Express Cos. it will cost frightfully
but can't be helped ; or, if yet larger numbers that perhaps your boxes will
fill an outer case of 24 ins. x 18 x 18, or larger, then use the Freight lines,
but when you deliver your box at the Railroad Freight Office be sure to get a
receipt and a duplicate receipt ; the first you keep in some safe place, the
second you send by mail to your consignee, for you will probably, before the
boxes reach their destination (if they have any great distance to go), have to
begin to trace where they are from both ends of the line ; I had the pleasure
once of amusing myself for nearly six months that w T ay ; yes, it actually took
over five months to get a box from San Francisco to Reading, but the box
was a large one and only cost $5.00 freight ; had it came by express it would
have cost about $50.00.

Finally, never send or allow things to be sent by sailing-vessels when you
can use steamers ; if you do, the consequences are, that they are ten times as
long on their way, and arrive at their destination ruined by mould.

If you live in the United States, never have things sent to you that you
will have to try to get out of the Custom House yourself, for they will re-
main there till they rot, as far as you are concerned, for you can't get them
out you can't do it, don't try it even ; if ever such an accident does occur,
apply directly to a Custom House broker and make up your mind it is going
to cost you as much, at least, to get it out of the Custom House as it did to
get there from any part of Europe; be resigned, thank God, when after many
days you get your box, and guard against the like occurring again in the
future.

THE REARING OF LEPIDOPTERA FROM THE EGG AND

CATERPILLAR.

In order to get the CO-QX of dav butterflies it is necessarv to confine the live

^) ' I/ V

female along with the growing food-plant; this has been successfully done by
putting over the plant, if it be a small one, a nail-keg or barrel, out of which
the bottom has been knocked; the top of the keg, after it is placed over the
plant with the butterfly imprisoned, you cover with a cloth ; the female thus
imprisoned will deposit her eggs, from which in a few days the young cater-
pillars will emerge; for these, care must betaken in providing fresh food
and keeping out of the reach of ants, etc. ; glass jars with gau/e over the top
answer well for breeding cages for some of the smaller species, but the better

fresh, and things generally in as near a stare as possible to what they ought to
be if the larvie were at large; the size of these cages is not material, but may
be made to suit the convenience. The larva will, after undergoing several
moults, or throwing o If of the old skin, transform into naked chryalis affixed
to the stems or leaves of the food-plant, or to the sides of breeding cage, by

THE REARING OF LEPIDOPTERA, &C. 29

the tail and a filament at each side, as do the Papilio, &c., or suspended by
the tail alone, head down, as do the Vanessans, &c. ; in a couple of weeks the
butterfly will emerge and you will thus get specimens in the greatest perfec-
tion ; to the entirely uninitiated I might as well mention that the butterfly,
on emerging, will have the wings exceedingly small, scarce one-fifth of '.the
length that they will be when fully developed ; all you will have to do is to
let the butterfly alone it knows its own business best and, as soon as it
finds a suitable "place to hang on by, its wings will begin to develop or grow
under your eyes, and in a short time, a quarter to a half hour or so, will reach
their full size and beauty, but it takes an hour or so longer for them to get
their strength.

If yourlarvte be of the fall brood, the fly will not emerge until the follow-
ing spring, remaining in the chrysalis all winter ; but if you put the box con-
taining the chrysalids in a warm room, you can thus force them out in a few
weeks, but your specimens are apt to be deformed when this forcing process
is used.

In obtaining eggs and rearing caterpillars of moths, a somewhat different
treatment is necessary.

The female, when confined in anything, will lay her eggs on the sides of
her prison or in any other place, and no food-plant or other plant is necessary.

If you capture a virgin female, or have one to emerge from the chrysalis
for you, of the Saturnida? or some of the Spliingidse, &c., secure her alive in
some convenient place out-doors, and the males will be powerfully attracted
and come to her, from apparently a great distance ; thereby she will become
impregnated and you will get fertile eggs, as well as at the time you may
obtain good examples of the males that fly to her ; often, when I have had a
female come from the cocoon, in the house, I have had the males to fly into
the windows to her.

With the larva of the Saturnida? and other spinners you may pursue the
same course of treatment as in the case of the day butterflies, but, instead of
transforming into a naked chrysalis like these latter, they will spin a silken
cocoon and undergo their transformation therein. But the Sphingidse, t'ith-
eronia, Eacles, &c., which undergo their metamorphosis under ground without
spinning a cocoon, require more judgment and care; for these, the bottom of
the breeding cage should be furnished with 6 to 8 inches ground, moss, saw-
dust, dead leaves, &c., so that the worms, when they are ready, may go into
it; after they have changed to the pupa state they may be put between
layers of moss in an open box, about (j inches deep, and placed in the open
air on a veranda or in a cool room, where they will remain until the following
spring or summer, when the moths will emerge; it is necessary to sprinkle
the moss, covering the pupas, occasionally with water, or if there be drizzling
rain that is not freezing, as sometimes occurs, set your box out for awhile and
let the contents have the benefit of it. Another way is to sink a half barrel
into the ground and put your moss and pupas in it and let them take care of
themselves ; this is getting them into a position as near to nature as is possi-
ble, Hut you must protect them from rats, &c., by putting an old sieve over
the sunken barrel ; this also is necessary, in spring and summer, to prevent
the escape of the moths as they emerge, otherwise they would leave with no
thanks for what you have done for them.

Some larva hybernate over winter ; these are the most difficult to deal
with, for if the situation and concomitants are not just such as suits them they
wither up and die. But the best rule to go by, in rearing larva, is to try,

30 THE REARING OF LEPIDOPTERA, &C.

under all circumstances, to keep them as nearly situated, in all possible re-
spects, as they would be in nature.

Some larva may be fed on the growing plant ; if it be a tree, there can be a
gauze bag tied over the branch on which they are to feed, and when they
have stripped that branch, gently remove them to another by bending it to-
wards them ; when they have crawled on to the new branch put the gauze
over it as before, and so on ; of course, when nearly full-grown, the larvae
will have to be removed to the breeding box to undergo their change into the
pupa state.

The above plan may be adopted in forcing some species of Diurnals to lay
their eggs ; it is not convenient to get a puncheon big enough to put over an
apple tree, but you can enclose the end of a branch in a bag, inside of which
the butterfly will lay its eggs.

In rearing larva, I would recommend the rearing of large numbers of
even the common kinds, as it takes no more trouble to get food for a hundred
than it does for a dozen, and not only can you use all the butterflies that re-
sult therefrom in perfect condition, but you may be rewarded with varieties,
one alone of which might be sufficient reward for years of entomological
labour ; for instance, if you get from the willows, in June, the black spine-
covered caterpillars of Vanessa Antiopa, and transfer them to your breeding
cage and feed them a day or so you need not trouble yourself to get them
until they are nearly full-grown, gnless you wish to they will transform, and
in two weeks thereafter will emerge butterflies ; now, what may be the result?
Well, I will tell you what it was in my case : one emerged with the yellow
band of wings twice as broad as in the normal form, and with no vestiges of
the band of blue, submarginal spots that are on the ordinary specimens ; this
was the rare var. Hygicea, Hdrch., (Lintnerii, Fitch), and any one who each
successive season secures the larva of V. Antiopa will be sooner or later re-
warded with examples of this variety ; one friend got three, another one, so
you see the value of every season securing as many of the larva of V. Antiopa
from the willows as possible, and imprison them in your breeding cage ; if
they all come out the common form no harm is done you only need stand
your cage on the ledge of the open window, open its door and let them fly out
but if some wondrous variety is among them, how great the reward !

This species produces, besides other varieties, one in which the pale yellow
covers the full outer half of all wings ; another in which the marginal band
of primaries, instead of being yellow, is dark like the rest of the wing.

Also secure all the larva of Pyrameis Cardui, which is found on the this-
tles; it is brown and yellow striped and covered with spines; though a
common species, there sometimes occurs a marvelous variety in which the
under side secondaries is plain white, and the upper surface is curiously orna-
mented with white, wedge-shaped marks on the nervures and nervules near
and at their terminations on the exterior margin of wings ; this is the rare
Vanessa Elymi, Rbr., occurring both in Europe and X. America.

Pyrameis Atalanta, also, though much more seldom, produces a variety
entirely different from the ordinary form.

Argynnis Idalia produces the variety Asktaroth, in which the upper side
of secondaries is plain black, devoid of spots, and the under surface has only
one great, silver spot ; of this species, however, the larvae is not yet known,
but doubtless, in common with the other Argymmhe, it feeds on violets.

Papilio Asterius gives the splendid variety Gtl.cerleyi, in which the basal
half of all wings is black, and outer half rich orange. Rear all the larva of

O / * '

THE REARING OF LEPIDOPTERA, &C. 31

Asterius you can possibly find it is a species subject to much variation ;
there is no trouble at all cither to find or raise the larva ; it is light-green,
banded with velvet black, it feeds on the leaves of carrots, parsnips and allied
plants ; if the worm be touched it sends, from behind its head, a forked, yel-
low affair which hurts nobody.

I would also say of P. Turnus that it presents innumerable varieties ; this
species, as is well known, is dimorphic, having two kinds of females, one
yellow like the male, and the other black, but there occur forms between the
two which are neither yellow nor black, but pepper-and-salt, mixed up of
both colours ; others there are where the upper surface is black and the under
yellow, others where the two wings of one side are black, female, and those
on the opposite side yellow, female, others where one side is male (yellow),
and the other is female (black).

There are varieties of Colias Philodice greyish black on the whole upper
surfaee.

Among the moths is also found much variation ; Telea Polyphemus occurs
in many colours, greyish, brownish, reddish, bright yellow, and almost white,
and varies in expanse from 2| to over 6 inches.

Should any one, by following my suggestions, be fortunate enough to breed
any of the above or other curious varieties, I would hold it a great favour if
they would communicate the intelligence to me with the full particulars.

1 would also ask my friends to direct their attention to the raising of the
larvae of Smerinthus Myops, Xra. Astylus, Sm. Modestes and Darapsa Versi-
color, also to secure Catocala Relida; these species are always in high demand,
and will command splendid exchanges. In the appended synopsis will be
found the names of the food-plants of the Smerinthii, as well as of many
others, to which I beg the attention of the reader, as well as also to remind
him once again that I need great numbers of all species, rare as well as the
more common, whether butterfly or moth ; every year I need and can use
thousands.

A FEW FINAL REMARKS.

Entomology, in common with every other earthly pursuit, whether of
pleasure or business, requires the expenditure of some money for books, ma-
terial, occasional specimens, &c., &c., and as these are often to be obtained
from a distance, in the larger towns or cities, I would advise you never to
send money loose in a letter ; if it goes anywhere within the United States
use a Post-Office money order, or if there is no money order system at your
place, get the letter registered ; in sending money to Canada, get the letter
containing it registered. If you send money to Europe, and the amount be
not too large, use the Post-Office money order system it is admirable ; the
amount you deposit with your Postmaster is delivered into the hands of your
European friend without any trouble to yourself; if the amount you wish to
send be large, then, of course, the better way is to get from the Messrs. Drexel,
3d Street, Philadelphia, or Exchange Place, New York, a gold draft payable
to the order of your European correspondent, which you send him by mail.

In Continental Europe every species has its price, according to rarity or
beauty, and in exchanging abroad it is almost invariably necessary to also
affix a cash value to each species you send ; as we have no fixed prices in this

32 A FEW FINAL REMARKS.

country, it is a little difficult to do so, but by comparing our insects with the
European species of like rarity or commonness, we can place to them the
same or approximate prices.

Neatness in expanding and perfection of specimens have been too lightly
heeded heretofore in this country, as the collector seemed to think if he had
captured the insect it was all right, no matter how much it was battered or
defaced ; it is ever well to bear in mind that one fine, faultless specimen is
worth no end of rubbish, but still, as I have before remarked, in the very
rare species we must be satisfied to take the best we can get ; but if all our
collectors would take heed and not put Sphinx pins in Geometra?, and some
examples near the head of the pin and some two-thirds down, it would en-
hance the value of their examples very considerably.

It must be borne in mind that many: species, especially Exotics, can only
be gotten by purchase ; as the expenses of traveling and living in some coun-
tries are very great, the products of the collector's labours must bring him
money to meet those expenses, and as the major part of his collections are
generally not the rarest species, it is but reasonable to suppose that the rare
species will have to pay for what he loses by the small price of the commoner
kinds. Though by purchasing a large number or quantity together, often-
times very great rarities are secured at a merely nominal figure ; in the prices
(except of the European species) there is no set value the law of demand and
supply regulating it ; a species that you may get to-day for a dollar may be
worth, in a week, five, or what mav be five to-dav mav in a short time fall to

/ / " /

one.

As a rule, the species of Siberia and Amoorland are the most expensive,
then come certain splendid exotics, such as the glorious Agrias, many of the
Papilio, Saturnida?, etc. Papilio Antimachus, Dru., from W. Africa, of which
but few specimens are known, all male, would bring, if it could be at all
obtained, almost any price, and there are other species that would command
any price, almost, if they could but be obtained.

Then again, many very handsome species, such as Papilio Sarpedon, P.
Agamemnon, P. Evemon, P. Phaeton, CalMcore Clymena, Viet. Sthenales,
Ageronia Arethusa, A. Feronia, &c., &c., &c., can be had at prices ranging
from 25 cents to $1.00 apiece. But as the student gets deeper interested in
the study, and better acquainted with the various species through the figures
and descriptions of the different authors, he will better appreciate their value.

A.

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STRUCTURE OF BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS, AS SHOWN ON

PLATE 1, FIGS. I-X.

I. BODY, UNDER SIDE, (of Papilio Turnus).

A. HEAD.

a, a. Antennne, or feelers.
6, 6. Eyes.

c, c. Palpi.

d, Tongue, or Haustellum.

B. THORAX.

e, e. Pedes antici, fore legs.

/, /. Pedes medii, middle legs.
g, g. Pedes postici, hind legs.

C. ABDOMEN.

h, h, h, h. Segments, of which there are six or seven.
i. Anal extremity.

II. BODY, ABOVE.

a. Collar.

fj, b. Scapulae, Tegulte or Pterygodes, shoulder covers.

c. c, c, o. Abdominal segments.

III. PRIMARY, OR FORE WING.

a, a. Costal nervure.

6. Sub-costal nervure.

6 1, b 3, b 3, b 4, b 5. Sub-costal nervules.

c 1, c 2. Discoidal nervules.

d. Median nervure.

d 1, d 2, d 3. Median nervules.

e. Sub-median nervure.

/. Internal nervure, confined almost solely to the Papilionidse.

g 1. Upper disco-cellular nervule.

g 3. Middle disco-cellular nervule.

g 3. Lower disco-cellular nervule.

h. Interno median nervule, found only in Papilionidse and Morphidae.

IV. SECONDARY, POSTERIOR OR HIND WING.

a. Costal nervure.

6. Sub-costal nervure.

b 1, b 2. Sub-costal nervules.

c. Discoidal nervule.

d. Median nervure.

d /, d 2, d 3. Median nervules.

e. Sub-median nervure.

g 1, g 2. Disco-cellular nervules.
k. Pre-costal nervure. 33

34 STRUCTURE OF BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS.

V. LEG.

a. Coxa.

b. Trochanter.

c. Femur.

d. Tibia.

e. Tarsi.

/. Calcares, spurs.

VI. SIDE VIEW OF HEAD AND THORAX OF VANESSA (larger than in nature).

a. Abortive fore legs which lay against the breast.

6. Pedes medii.

c. Pedes postici.

d. Tongue.

o

e. Palpi.

/, /. Clubs of antennae.
y, g. Tips of clubs.

VII. FRONT VIEW OF ABOVE.

a, a. Abortive fore legs.
6, 6. Palpi.
c. Tongue.

VIII. SIDE VIEW OF BODY OF PAPILIO.

a. Fore legs.

b. Middle legs.

c. Posterior legs.

IX. PRIMARY OR FORE WING OF CATOCALA (C. Parta).

A. Basal area or space.

B. Middle area or space.

C. Lirnbal area or space.

a. Transverse anterior line.

b. Transverse posterior line.

c. Basal line.

c/. Sub-marginal line.

o

e. Reniform spot.

/. Sub-reniform spot.

y. Sub-apical shade or dash.

X. POSTERIOR OR HIND WING OF CATOCALA (C. Parta).

, a. Marginal band.

6, 6. Median or mesial band.

c. Discal lime or mark.

d. Frenulum, simple in male and forked or double in female.

THE TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS USED IN WORKS ON

LEPIDOPTERA.

Abdomen. The hind part of the body, j Albinous. Relating to albino forms.
Vide PL 1, f. I, c. j Anal. Relating to the hinder extrem-

A bdominal groove. The concave shape j ity of the abdomen.

of the abdominal margin of the pri- I Anal angle. The angle of wings near-
maries, which enclose the abdomen est to extremity of abdomen. Vide
while at rest, in some families of the PL 1, f. Ill, IV.
Rhopalocera, in the Satyridae and Anal eye. An eye-like spot at or near
Nymphalidae, for instance. anal angle of hind wings.

Abdominal marc/in. The margin or Anal extremity. Hind extremity of
edge of wings nearest to abdomen. abdomen.
Vide PL 1, f. IV. ! Anal ocellus. See anal eye.

Abdominal pouch. In the females of Anal spot. A spot near the anal angle
Parnassius and Eun/cus, a corneous of hind wings, distinguished from
appendage attached to the under the anal eye by being plain and

rings or

generally of but one colour, whilst
the ocellus is formed of consecutive
rings of various colours, thus form-
ing an eye-like spot.
Anal segment. The last segment, ring

or annulation of the abdomen.

[widely differing \Anal tuft. The brushes or tufts of
f from the parent hair or hairy scales which ornament

side of abdomen near the anal ex-
tremity.

Abdominal segments. The

annulations composing the abdo-
men. Vide PL 1, f. I, C, h, h, h.

Ab., ^ An example

Aberration,

Aberrafio, Lat.

Abaenderung, Ger. J form, as in the the extremity of the abdomen in
cases of the aberrant Vanessa Hy- some species, most conspicuous in
gicea ( V. Lintnerii, Fitch), Pyrameis Macroglossa and allies.
Elymi, Argynnis Ashtaroth, etc. Anal valves. On the last segment of

Aberrant form. See aberration.

Acuminate. Sharply pointed.

Alee anteriores. Fore wings.

Altv poster lores. Hind wings.
Alb., -]

I White.

Used to designate the white

Album,
Albino.

forms of some species, especially in
the genus Colias, where, in addition
to a female of the same colour as the
male, there occurs in most species a
white female: as C. Helice, which
is the albino female of C. Edusa, C.
Pallida of C. Erate, etc. These
white varieties are always much

i/

scarcer than the normal females.
Albinism. The white state of some

forms of insects.

the abdomen, conspicuous in the
males of the genus Papilio. Vide
PL 1, f. I, i.

Analogue. , A species of one country
that is analogous to that of another :
thus, Colias Eurytheme is the N.
American analogue of the European
C. Edusa, or Papilio Zolicaon that
of P. Machaon, etc.

Angulated. Where the exterior mar-
gin of the wings is dentated and
pointed, as in Grapta, Vanessa and
Junonia,.

Annulated. Ringed.

Annulations. Rings or joints, as of
the abdomen, antennae, etc.

Antenna?. Feelers. Vide PL 1, f. I,
a, a.

Anterior ivings. See alae anteriores.

Vide PL 1, f. III.

35

36

TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS.

Apex, ^ The outermost angle

Apices, pi. >of wing, formed by the

Apical angle. J junction of the costal
and exterior margins. Vide PL 1,
f. Ill, IV.

Apical. Relating to the apex.

Apical dash. A dark mark on pri-
maries near the apex in many of the
Noctuae, especially the Catocalae.

Arcuate, \ Applied to the costa

Arcuated, /of primaries when much
rounded or curved in the form of a
bow, as in some of the Attaci.

Area. The surface or a part of the
surface of the wing : as basal area
or middle area. Vide PI. 1, f. IX,
A, B, C.

Argenteous. Si 1 very .

Articulations. Joints.

Apterous. Without wings, wingless.

Auroral spot. The bright orange-
coloured spot on the apical part of
primaries in the genus Anthocharis.

Band, \ A rather even and some-

Bar. ) what broad stripe.

Base, I That portion of the wings

Basis, j or antennae which join the
body or head.

Basal. Belonging to, or at the base.

Basal area. The area of the wing-
nearest the base. Vide PI. 1, f. IX,
A.

Basal hairs. The hairs which clothe
the parts of the wing nearest the
body ; in many of the Heteroceres
these are laid on very heavy and
thick.

Basal line. The line on primaries
nearest the base.

Basal patch. The patch of colour
nearest the base.

Bifid. Forked, or divided in two.

Blind-eye. A spot without a pupil.

Bloom. The tine violet dust-like ap-
pearance conspicuous on the pupas
of Catocala, resembling that on
plums and some other fruit.

Blotch. A rather large, irregular-
formed patch or mark.

Calcares. The spurs at the end of the
tibiae. Fide PI. 1, f. V,./.

Caterpillar. The larval or embryonic
state of Lepidoptera.

Caudal. Appertaining to the tail.

Caudal horn. The horn on anal seg-
ment of the larva of Sphingidae.

Caudal appendage. Tai 1-li ke processes
on the exterior margin of the hind
wings of many species of butterflies
and moths.

Caudate. Tailed.

Cells, \ The spaces between the

Cellulae, j nervures and veins.

Chrysalis, \ The second transforina-

Chrysalid. j tion of Lepidoptera. The
pupa. A mummy-shaped affair,
incapable of feeding, suspended in
some instances by the tail ; in others
it lies concealed in the earth, or else
is protected by a cocoon.

Cillia, I Fringes or hair-like scales

Cilliae. j on the exterior margins of
the wings of Lepidoptera.

Ciliated. Fringed.

Cinereous, \ Grey. Ashen col-

Cineraceous. j oured.

Clavate. Club form.

Clavate antennae. Antennae termina-
ting in a club.

Club. The heavy terminations of the
antennae of day butterflies. Vide
PI. l,f. VI,/,/.

Clypeus. Front plate of the head.

Cocoon. A case formed by many of
the larvae of the Heteroceres previ-
ous to their changing to the pupa
state. They are sometimes all silk,
more or less gummed, and sometimes
the hairs of the caterpillar itself help
to form it, or bits of dead leaves,
etc., enter into its composition.

Coll. Collectia, collection, museum.

Collar, | The part immediately be-

Collare. j hind the head. VideP\. 1.,
f. II, a.

Common. Found in more than one
species, or, if applied to ornamenta-
tion, when the same marks or colours
are " common to both wings, etc."

Concave. Excavated or hollowed out
in a curved form.

Concolor. The same color.

Concolorous. Of the same color.

Confluent. Running into each other :
as confluent spots, spots running
into each other.

TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS.

37

Congener. Belonging to the same
genus with other species.

Congeneric. Of the same kind.

Contiguous. Joining one another: as
" contiguous spots."

Convergent. Directed or tending to-
wards one point.

( 'on rex. Curved outward.

(_ 'ordate. H eart-shaped .

Coriaceous. Leathery, tough, stiff.

Corneous. Horny, of horn-like sub-
stance.

( 'orneous poach. <sVv abdominal pouch.

Costa. Front or anterior edge of the

wing.

(Postal. At the costa.

( 'oxtal nervure, \ The great vein on

Costal vein. /the anterior margin.
Vide. PI. 1, f. Ill, IV, a. a.

Coxa. The first joint of the leg which
connects it with the body. Vide
PI. 1, f. V,.

Crenate. Having round teeth; scal-
loped.

Crenulated. Having small round pro-
jections.

( descent. A mark the shape of the
moon in her first quarter.

Crepuscular. Flying in the twilight,
or just betbre dawn.

( 'repuscular Lepidoptera. Formerly
used to designate the Sphingidae, a
family of Heteroceres that fly in the
twilight or gloaming.

Crested. Ornamented with a crest of
raised scales on the back of the tho-
rax, as in the case of many of the
Noctuae.

Cucidlated. Hooded.

< 'nprtous. Copper-coloured, or of a
coppery tinge.

Dentate. Toothed, serrated.

Dentated. With teeth, as when ihe
margin of a wing is "dentated " or
toothed.

Denticulate, I With small teeth or

Denticulated, j points.

Desideratum. Pi. Desiderata. Some-
thing that is lacking or wanting ; as
"any new species of Colias or Ar-
gvnnis are always great desiderata
with me.

Diaphanous. Transparent; as in the
genus Ithomia, where the wings are
clear, and nearly destitute of scales.

Dilated. Expanded.

Dimorphic, \ Occurring under two

Dimorphous j forms, as in the case of
Pajti/io Tuniit*, which has a yellow
female resembling the male, and
another female entirely black; or,
as with the Coliades, which have,
in addition to a normal-coloured fe-
male, another that is quite white.

Dimorphism. The state of being di-
morphous.

DlSC, \ YJJ pi i f TIT

Disk, f I- l, i. J

Discal. Pertaining to the disc.

Disced bar. A bar or stripe on or
very close to the disco-cellular ner-
vules.

Discal spot. A spot situated at the
disco-cellular nervules.

Disco-cellular veins. Vide PI. 1, f.
Ill, IV, g 1, g -2, g 3.

Discoidal cell- -VidePl. 1, f. Ill, IV.

Diumtie. Dny butterflies, Rhopalo-
ceres.

Diurnal. Pertaining to day, as the
butterflies that fly in the day time
only are called diurnae.

Divergent. Apart from each other, as
divergent rays.

Dorsal Pertaining to the back.

Dorsal bmid or stripe. A band or stripe
on the back.

Mfmarginate. Notched.

Emarginations. Notches or indenta-
tions, as in the exterior margins of
wings of many species of butterflies
and moths.

Entire. When used in connection
with the wings, it means the edges
are of an even curve, without in-
dentations or projections.

Etc. Ktcaetera, and so on ; in Ger-
man u. s. w., and so weiter.

Ex. }

TT> ' if Specimen.

Example, j

Ex larva. From the larva ; reared or

raised from the larva.
Ex ova. From the egg ; raised from

the egg.

38

TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS.

Ex parte. One-sided ; ex parte state-
ment, a one-sided statement.

Expanse. The greatest width across
from tip to tip of the expanded fore
wings or primaries.

Exserted. Protruded, stuck out.

Externally, \ Outwardly ; towards

Exteriorly, /the exterior or outer
margin, etc.

Exterior margin. The outer margin.
VideP\. 1, f. Ill, IV.

Exuvia. Cast-off skin, as of caterpil-
lars when they molt.

Falcate. Hooked, sickle shaped, as
in the primaries of some of the
Attaci.

falcated. Sickle-shaped.

Family, \ A group of allied genera,

Familia. j as the family Nymphalidae,
etc., etc.

Fascia, A rather broad transverse j
band.

fauna. The animals of any given
territory; thus, the insect fauna of I
Labrador embraces all the insects
found within the limits of that
country.

Femur. Thigh, the third joint of leg.
Vide PI. 1, f. V, c.

Fenestrated. Windowed ; used in
connection with those Lepidoptera
which have many transparent spots
on the otherwise dark surface of the
wings, as in case of Heleona Fenes- .
trata, an Australian species.

Ferruginous. Iron rust coloured,
colour of burnt sienna.

F., Fig., \ Figure; representation

/, fig. j of an object or specimen.

Filiform,. Thread-like.

Flavus, ")

Flava, ^-Yellow.

Flavum. )

Flavism. Yellowness ; as in a yellow
example of a butterfly in which the
parent and normal form is some
other colour; for instance, in the
yellow females of Anthocharis, .SY/ra,
and Pieris Sisymbrii, which are ex-
ceptions to the ordinary colour of
those species, which is white.

Flavescmt. Of a yellowish cast, with
a tendency towards yellow.

flexuous. Sinuous, winding; as a
flexuous line is a winding, irregular
line.

Foliaceous. Leaf-like; as in the under
surface of Gonepteryx Clorinde,
Kallima Inachus, etc.

Fore wing. Primary, anterior or su-
perior wing. Vide PI. 1, f. Ill
and IX.

Fovea. A depression, like in the
middle of the upper surface of hind
wings of Tecophora Foma, from
which peculiarity it has derived its
name.

Frenulum. A strong nerve or bristle,
emanating from the costa of hind
wing near the root. This is only
found in such Lepidoptera as fold
their wings while at rest, like the
Catocalae and other Noctuae ; in
the male it is single, in the female
double or bifid. Vide PI. 1, f. X, d.

Fringe,

Fringes.

Fuliginous, Sooty, dusky, smoke-
coloured.

Fulvous. Brownish-yellow, tawney.

Furcate, \ -^

P. . * > r orked.

Furcated, j

Fuscous. Blackish brown.

Fusiform. Spindle-shaped, tapering
at both ends ; thus, fusiform an-
tennae are antennae which are thick-
est near the middle.

Gamma. The third letter in the
Greek alphabet. A silver spot in
the shape of a gamma adorns the
upper wings of several noctuae,
among them Plasia Gamma, L.,
which has very appropriately re-
ceived its name from that circum-
stance.

Ganglion. PL Ganglia. Centres of
the nervous system, from which are
thrown off the various nerves.

Geminate. Twin, in pairs; as gemi-
nate spots are two spots nearly alike
in size, and close together.

Generation. Brood.

Generatio prima. First or spring
brood .

Generatio secunda. Second or summer
generation or brood.

TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS.

39

Genital armour. The outer casing,
anal hooks, etc., of the organs of
generation.

Genus. PL Genera. A collection of
allied species.

Glabrous. Smooth ; devoid of hair
or granulations.

Glaucous. Hoary, or greyish-blue or
green.

Globose. Prominently round ; like a
globe ; globular.

Granulated. Hough, like the grain of
coarse stone, full of innumerable
little prominences and wrinkles.

Griseous. Light grey, composed of a
combination of black and white
atoms ; grizzled.

Hab. Habitat. Locality, home.

Hastate. Shaped like the head of a
halberd or dart.

Hatched. Closely marked with num-
berless short, transverse lines.

Haustellum. Proboscis, sucker. Vide
PI. l,f. I, II, VI, d.

Haustellated. Having a proboscis-like
tongue.

Hermaphrodite., \ An example

Htrmaphroditus, Lat. J which is both
male and female, or partly each.
Vide Anyeronia prunaria, Nat. Lib.
Vol. VII, Ent. t. 27. Papilio Cas-
tor, Wien. Ent. Mon., Vol. VII, t.
19. Papilio Asterius and Saturnia
Promethea, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil.,
Vol. IV, p. 390. In our own col-
lection are also a number of Her-
maphrodite examples.

Heteroctres. The second of the two
great divisions of Lepidoptera, em-
bracing the Sphinges, Bombyces,
Noctuae, Geometrae, Pyralidina,
Tortricina, Tineiua, Microptery-
gina, Pterophorina and Alucitina,
the greater part of which fly at
night.

Heterocerous. Pertaining to the Hete-
rocera.

Hexapod. A six-footed animal, as
the true insects.

Hexapodous. Having six feet.

Hind wing. The inferior wing, or sec-
ondary. Vide PI. 1, f. IV and X.

Hirsute. Hairy ; covered thickly with
hair, as the larvae of the Arctiidae.

Hyaline. Transparent like glass. See
diaphanous.

Hybrid, \ Mongrel, bastard.

Hybridus, Lat. j Produced by the mix-
ture of two species. Vide Hybrida
ex Smerinthus, Ocellata et Smerin-
thus Populi. Humphreys Brit.
moths t. 1. (1843). Lep., Rhop. et
Het., Strecker, Vol. 1, t. VII.

Imago. The final and perfect state of
an insect.

Immaculate. Spotless, pure ; devoid
of all spots or markings whatever.

Inferiors. Hind wings, Secondaries.
Vide PI. 1, f. IV and IX.

Inferior surface. Under surface.

Inferior icings. See inferiors.

In. Initio. In the beginning ; com-
mencement.

Inner angle. Posterior angle, formed
by the meeting of the exterior and
interior margins. VidePl. l,f. III.

Inner margin. The margin or edge
of wings nearest the abdomen.
\lde PI. 1, f. Ill, IV.

Internally. Inwardly, towards the
thorax.

Inferior margin. See inner margin.

Interrupted. Broken ; as, an inter-
rupted line is a broken line, etc.

Iridescent. Showing the reflection of
the prismatic or rainbow colours.

Irrorate, \ Powdered with minute

Irrorated. J scales or dots.

Isolated. Alone, by itself; as, an iso-
lated spot, mark or dash, etc.

Labial palpi. Small organs attached
to the labium.

Labium. Lower lip.
] Lab-rum. Upper lip.
! Lamellate, \ Formed of thin plates,

LameUated. J leaves or scales.
; Lamettiform. In the form of a plate
or scale.

Lanceolate, \ Drawn out to an acute

Lanceolated. j point ; lance-shaped.

Larva. The first stage of an insect;
the caterpillar.

Lateral. On the sides ; pertaining to
the sides.

40

TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS.

Led., T T ..
r .. f Latin.

IjCLtWWS. )

Lepidoptera. The third great order
of insects, according to Linnaeus.
They were formerly divided into
Papilio, or day butterflies, Sphinx,
or those which flew at dusk and
dawn, and Phalaena, or the night-
fliers, but at present we recognize
but two great divisions, the Rhopa-
locera and Heterocera ; the former
having clubbed or knobbed antennae
and the latter with these organs of
every form, as filiform, fusiform,
pectinate, etc., etc.

Lepidoptera Ehopalocera. The butter-
flies that fly by day, and having
knobbed antennae. German, Tag-
falter.

Lepidoptera Heterocera. Moths, night
butterflies, comprising more than
nine-tenths of all the Lepidoptera.
German, Nachtfalter, or Nacht
Schmetterling.

Lepidopteron. A butterfly or moth ;
a Lepidopterous insect.

Lepidopterous. Pertaining to Lepi-
doptera.

Ll'inbal area. The outer or marginal
area or space of the wing. Vide
PI. 1, f. IX, C.

Linear. Long and narrow, like a line.

T' *' , I At the place cited.
Loco citato, J

Longitudinal. Lengthwise ; from base
to extremity of wing, from head to
end of body, etc.

Lune. A moon-shaped spot or mark.
See crescent.

Lunate. Crescent-shaped.

Lunule. A small crescent or moon-
shaped mark.

Lu/nular, \ /^ i

T 7/7 r Crescent-shaped.
Lunutated. j

Luteoux. Yellow.

M(tcn/<tr, | Spotted ; composed of

Maculated, j spots; as, a macular band

is a band formed of spots.
Maero-Lepidojitera. Great or large

Lepidoptera, comprising all the

Rhopalocera, and the Heterocera

to Pyralidina.

Major. (Lat. comp. of Magnus, great.)
Greater ; as, the major part, the
greater part, etc.

Mandibles. Upper jaws.

Jfarbled. Variegated with irregular
lines or blotches of two or more
colours.

Margin. The edge.

Margin ft f. At or on the edges of the
wings.

Marginal hand. The terminal band
of the wing, extending to the ex-
terior margin or edge.

Marginal -vyjofe. Spots at the exterior
margin of the wings.

Maxillce. Lower jaws.

Maxillary palpi. Minute organs at-
tached to the maxillae.

Median. On or near the middle of
the wing.

Median cell. The space between the
cross nerve and medians. Some-
times it is divided by a longitudinal
nervure into two parts, which are
called the (interior and inferior me-
dian cells.

Median nervure. Vide PI. 1, f. Ill,
IV, d.

Median nervules. Vide PI. 1, f. Ill,
IV, d 1, d 2, d 3.

Median space. Middle field of wing.
Vide PL 1, f. IX, B.

Median rein. See median nervure.

Melanism, In a black state, opposite
of Albinism. Like the black female
forms of Papilio Turnua.

Melano. A black form or variety.

Melanotic. Relating to melanism.

Mexiaf band. A band or stripe trans-
versely crossing the. middle of the
wing, as in the hind wings of the
Catocalas.

Mesofhorax. Second or middle ring
of thorax.

Metathorax. Third or last ring of
thorax.

Micro-Lepidojttera. Little Lepidop-
tera or butterflies; commencing
with the Pyralidina and continuing
to and embracing the Alucitina, the
last in the great order Lepidoptera.

Middle area. See middle space.

TERMS AN1? ABBREVIATIONS.

41

Minor. Smaller; as in Asia-Minor,
smaller or lesser Asia.

Moult. To cast off the skin ; this is
done by caterpillars a number of
times before the} 7 change into the
chrysalis, and in many instances each
successive moult results in great !
difference in their appearance.

MSS. Manuscript. Manuscript de- .
scription ; manuscript name; a!
name or description as yet unpub- i
lished.

Mucronate. Terminating in a short, j
sharp process, as do the chrysalids \
of Eacles Imperialis, Auisota Sena- \
toria, etc.

Mus. Museum. A collection. Ger-
man, Samiulung.

Nacred. Having iridescent, prismatic
colours, like mother-of-pearl.

Nervures. The main ribs or veins
that support the wings.

Nervules. Branches of the nervures ;
small nervures ; vein lets.

Neuration. Arrangement of the
nervures and nervules ; nervation ;
venation.

Niger, *}

Nigra, V Black.

Nigrum. )

N. in litt., ) Manuscript names ;

Nomen in litteris. ) unpublished names
names that have been only used in
correspondence, or in a private
collection, but not published, and
of course not valid.

A7 '' [ Name.
Nomen. )

Nomenclature. The technical terms j
used in any particular branch of
science, or in any order, family or
group, etc., in any branch of science.

Nov. sp. New species.

N., }

No., V Number.

Nro. j

Nymph. The old term for pupa.

Obconic. Conical, but with the point
reversed ; inversely conical.

Oblique. Slanting; diagonal to longi-
tudinal and transverse.

Obliterate. Very faint.

Obscurus, ^

Obscura, > Obscure; dusky.

Obscurum. )

Obsolete, } Wanting, or scarcely

Obsolescent, j discernable; obscured.

Obtuse. Blunted at extremity.

Occiput. The base or hind part of the
head.

Occipital. Pertaining to the back of
the head.

Ocelli. Simple eyes situated in the
rear of the large, compound eyes.

Ocellus. An eye-like spot, like on the
hind wings of Smeriathus Ocellata,
8. Exccecata and Hupercheria Varia.

Ocellated. Marked with an eye-like
spot, formed of concentric rings of
various colours.

Ochraceous. Color of ochre or yellow
clay.

Oculi. Large, round, compound eyes,
occupying a large portion of the
front part of the head.

Olivaceous. Olive colour ; a sort of
greenish-brown, remarkable only
for ugliness.

Omnis. All.

Onisciform. Shaped like a wood-
louse, as are many of the larvae of
the Lycaenidae.

Orbicular, \ In the Noctuae, a

Orbicular spot, j round spot in the
median cell of the fore wings, in-
terior to the reniform.

Original form. The parent form ;
stem form, from which aberrant or
variable types may, in time, be
developed.

Original type. The example or speci-
men from which a species was first
described.

Oval, "I

i Egg-shaped.
Ovoid,

Ovoidal. }

Ovipositor. The organ used by insects

for depositing their eggs.
Oviposition. Depositing of eggs.
Ovum. PI. Ova. Egg.
P_ Page.

42

TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS.

Palpi. Jointed organs attached to
the head ; in the Papilio they are
small and do not project, but in the
Nymphalidae they stand out beyond
the forehead, and in Libythea they
are of enormous length. Vide PI. 1,
f. VII, b, b

Palpuli. Appendages growing above
the palpi in some of the Heterocera,
but not present in all species.

Patagia. Shoulder tippets, covering
the base of the wings.

Patch. A space or large blotch ; as,

" a patch of grey near the inner angle."

Pectinate, } Comb-like ; like the

Pectinated. ) pectinated antennae of the
Saturnidae, which are furnished
with regular processes arranged as
are the teeth of a comb.

Pedes antici. Fore legs. Vide PI. 1,
f. VI, a.

Pedes medii. M iddle 1 egs. Vide PI . 1 ,
f. VI, b.

Pedes postici. Hind legs. Vide PI. 1,
f. VI, c.

Pilose. Covered thickly with down.

Planche, Fr. Plate ; table.

P. Plate; table.

Plumose. Resembling a feather ; feath-
ery, plume-like.

Polymorphic. When several different
forms occur in the same species, as
in the case of the E. Indian Papilio
Memnon, L., which has many forms
of the female, some with heavy tails,
others tailless like the male, all
differing more or less from each
other in colour and ornamentation.

Porrected. Stretched, or pushed forth.

Posterior margin. Hind margin. See
exterior margin.

Posterior winqs. Secondaries; hind
wings. FiVe PI. 1, f. IV and X.

Primaries. Fore or anterior wings ;
superiors. Vide PI. 1, f. Ill and
IX.

Proboscis. See Haustellum. Vide
PL 1, f. I, II, VI, d.

Process. A projection, as the fleshy
processes on the larva of Papilio
Philenor.

Produced. Lengthened out; elongated.

Pro-legs. The fleshy legs of caterpil-
lars, sometimes called false legs.

Prothorax. First or front division of
thorax.

Pruinose. Hoary ; frosted.

Pseudo. Meaning false, as in Lyccena
Pseudargiohis, false or counterfeit
Argiolus, so named from its close
resemblance to Lyccena Argiolus.

Pterygodes. Shoulder covers, called
also scapulae. Vide PI. 1, f. II, b, b.

Pubescence. Soft, fine hairs.

Pubescent. Covered with fine hair.

Pulverulent. Dustv.

ff

Pupa. Chrysalis; the second stage
of an insect.

Pupil. The centre of an ocellus or
eye-like spot.

PupHled, \ Provided with a pupil;

Pupillated. J as, "all the sub-marginal
spots are pupilled."

Quadrate. Square.

Ray. Long, bright marks or streaks
diverging from each other.

Recurved. Curved backwards.

Reniform, \ A kidney-shaped

Reniform spot. \ spot, conspicuous on
the wings of NocfatCB, especially on
the Catocake.

Reticulate, \ Covered with fine lines

Reticulated, /crossing each other like
net- work.

Retractile. Having the power of draw-
ing in, or contracting.

Rhopalocera. The first of the two
great divisions into which the Lepi-
doptera have been divided. They
all fly by day, have the antenna?
terminated by a knob or club, and
comprise the Papilionidse, Pieridse,
Lycsenidae, Erycinidse, Libytheidae,
Nymphalidae, Acraeidae, Danaidae,
Satyridae and Hesperidae, though
the latter have strong claims to be-
long to the Heterocera.

Ribs. Veins; nervures. German,
Rippe or Rippen.

Ruber,

Rubra, V Red.

Rubrum.

TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS.

43

Rudimentary wings. Only partially
developed or abortive wings which

' are stunted or imperfectly formed,
and are incapable of producing
flight, as in the females of the genus
Ocnogyna and Hybernia.

Rufescent, j ^ ^ d h

Rujous. J

Rugose. Wrinkled.

Sanguineous. Colour of blood.

Scabrous. Covered with small rugged
points.

Scales. The covering of the wings of
Lepidoptera ; it is these that give
the beautiful colours and marks to
the insect, as when they are detached

' *

there remains only the transparent
membrane ; some Lepidoptera are
so slightly clothed with scales as to
be diaphanous, and are called clear-
wings; prominent among these are
the Sesiidae and Ithomidae.

Scalloped. The margin indented with
segments of circles.

Scutate. Shield or buckler-shaped.

Scutellum. A small, triangular part
of the mesothorax, situate at its
hind end.

Secondaries. Hind wings, inferior
wings or secondary wings. Vide
PI. 1, f. IV and X."

Segments. Divisions or rings that
compose the body. Vide PI. 1, f. I,
h, h, h, f. II, c, c, e, c.

Segregated. Detached or scattered
into groups; as, "segregated atoms,"
groups of loose or scattered atoms.

Semi. Half; and in some instances,
partly.

Semi-lunate. Partly Innate, or with a
tendency to being crescent-shaped.

Sending. A thing sent; as, a "send-
ing of insects/' or, " I received your
sending in good order."

Sep. Separate.

Sep. Separatabdruck, German. Sepa-
rate printed descriptions, etc. ; ad-
vance sheets.

Series. A suite, row or line.

Serrate, \ Sharply toothed ; as, a

Serrated. J serrated margin, a margin
edged with teeth like a saw.

: Setaceous. Like a bristle.

Setiform. Bristle-shaped.
\Setose. Covered with bristles; bristly.

Simple. Plain ; opposed to compound ;
as, "simple eyes."

Sinuate, \ Winding; waved; irregu-

Sinuous. j lar; sinuous lines; winding
or undulating lines.

Sinus. A deep indentation.

Spatulate. Spoon-shaped.

Sp., \ A distinct kind, differing

Species, j from others in the same genus.

Sp. Darwin, \ Darwinian

Species Darwiniana. J species. Species
which, through climatic or other
causes, have, in course of time, be-
came entirely different from the
form from which they had originally
sprung.

Spiracles. Breathing holes, situated
in the sides of the segments, in both
larva and imago, and are connected
with the two large tracheae, which
extend along the sides of the body.

I Spur. A small spine on the tibae.
See calcares. Vide PI. 1, f. V,/.

, Spurred. Furnished with spurs.

Squamose. Scaly, covered or clothed
with scales.

Squamation. Scaliness.

Stamm, German. Stem.

Stammform, German. Stem form ; pa-
rent form, from which other later
forms have originated.

.Stemmata. Simple eyes. Sec Ocelli.

i Sternum. The lower part of the tho-
rax ; the breast.

Streak. A narrow stripe.

Stria. PL Strice. A small line ; pro-
perly, a depressed or indented line.

Striated. Marked with fine lines.

Sub. Prefixed to other words, modi-
fies or lessens their force ; thus sub-
hyaline means partially hyaline ;
sub-marginal, near the margin.

Sub-apical. Near the apex.

Sub-apical dash. A not very large
dark mark starting from the exte-
rior margin of primaries not far
from the apex ; most noticeable in
the Catocalidae.

Sub-basal. Near the base.

44

TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS.

Sub-Costal. Near or below the costa.

Sub-hyaline. Partly hyaline or trans-

v J

parent.

Sub-marginal. Near the margin.

Sub-median. Below the middle of
the wing.

Sub-quadrate. Nearly square.

Sub-reniform, \ A spot below the

Sub-reniform spot, j reniform on the
fore wings of the noctuae.

Sub-terminal. Near the extremity or
end, as a sub-terminal joint is the
joint next to the last.

Sub-terminal band. The band nearest
the last or marginal band, or near
without being on the margin.

Suffused. Clouded or obscured with
a darker colour.

Suffused variety. A variety or form
in which some one colour of the
wing has predominated and ob-
scured wholly or in part the other
colours, as in the instance of Argyn-
nis var. Ashtaroth, Pyrameis var.
Elymi, and others ; but it is a freak
of great rarity.

Suite. A large number or line of one
species ; See series.

Superiors, } Upper or fore-

Superior wings. / wings, primaries.
Vide PI. 1, f. Ill and IX.

Superior Surface. Upper side or sur-

face.

Suture. Indentation or joint between

the segments.

A different name given
Synonym. j to the same species.
Synonymous. Meaning the same ; as,
thus : " in Berks County, Pa., to be
a scientist is synonymous to being a
lunatic."

Synopsis. A combined, condensed
description of all the families, gen-
era, etc., composing a whole order.

T

,', , > Plate ; table.

Tabula, j

Tail. An elongation of the exterior

margin of hind wing.
Toiled. Provided with tail-like ap-

pendages to the hind wings.
Tailless. Without tails.

Tarsus. PL Tarsi. The foot ; the
fifth and last division of the leg.
Vide PI 1, f. Y, e.

Tawny. Buff; greyish-yellow.

Tegulce. Shoulder covers; Ptervgodes.
Vide PI. 1, f. II, 6, b.

Tentacle. A process proceeding from
the head in some larva ; it is either
simple or branched. In the larva
of the Papilionidae it is Y-shaped,
and can be protruded or drawn en-
tirely in, at the pleasure of the
animal.

Tentaculated. Provided with Tenta-
cles.

Terminal. Belonging or pertaining to
the extremity or end.

Terminal joint. The last joint as u ter-
minal joint of abdomen."

Terminal segment. The last annula-
tion or joint.

Terminal horn. A horn situate on the
top of the last segment in some
caterpillars. Sec Caudal horn.

Tessellate, \ Checkered like a chess-

Tessellated. J board.

Thoracic. Belonging to the thorax,

Thorax. The second great division
of the body, situate between the
head and abdomen. The legs are
attached to this part. Vide PI. 1,
f. I, B.

Tibia. PI. Tibia-. The fourth joint of
the leg. Vide PI. 1, f. Y, d.

Tips. The ends of the clubs of the
antennae. Vide PI. 1, f. VI, g. g.

Tooth. A prominence on the exterior
margin of wings, generally a more
or less prolongation of the veins,
the hollow spaces between such
prominences are called emargina-
tions.

Toothed. Provided with little pro-
jections.

Trachea}. Air tubes ; respiratory
organs; these open by a number of
breathing holes, called Spiracles, in
the sides of the body of both larva
and perfect insect ; in the latter the
principal of these are situated in the
first abdominal segments and the

TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS.

45

thorax. In the larvae there is, on

each side, one on each segment to

the number often or eleven.
Transverse. Across the wing from

costal 1o interior margin ; or, the

body from side to side.
Transverse line. A line crossing the

wing from costa to inner margin.
T. a. line, \ In the Cato-

Transvcrse anterior line. J ealas, the

line that divides the basal from the

middle area on the fore wings. Vide

PI. 1, f..IX, o.

T. p. line, llntheCato-

Transverse posterior line, j calas, the

line that divides the median from

the limbal or onter area on the fore

wings. Vide PI. 1, f. IX, 6.
Tri-tailed. With three tails on the

exterior margin of secondaries or

hind wings.
Trochanter. The second joint of leg;

it is between the coxa and femur.

Vide PI 1, f. V, b.

Truncate, \ Terminating abruptly,
Truncated. j as if cut squarely off.
Tubercles. Small wart-like projections.
Tuberculose. Covered more or less

with tubercles.

Type. \ The example or

Type specimen, j specimen from which

a species was first described.
Under surface. The under side, the

inferior surface.
Undulate. Wavy, sinuous.

Unguis. A claw.

Unicolorous. Of one colour, as when

an insect is all of one colour it is

unicolorous.
Upper surface. Upper side, superior

surface, the side exposed to view

when the wings are spread.
I 7 ., ~") Species that from cli-

Var., j mate, food or other influ-

\'(i/-ietas ) ence, present differences

Varieti/,
Variation

n coour, shape or sze
from the typical form;
thus some butterflies that are tailed
in India and China are devoid of
those appendages in the Polynesian
Islands, and some that are pale col-
oured become darker as they occur
further northward.

Veins. See nervures.

Vein let*. See Nervules.

V< nation. See Neuration.

Ventral. Pertaining to the under side
of body or abdomen.

Ventral band.^l A longitudinal band,

Ventral line. > stripe or line on the

Vcidi-dl xtripr. \ under side of the ab-
men.

Verrucose. See tuberculose.

Violaceous. Inclining to violet or
purple.

Villose. Covered with long, soft hairs.

Vitreous. Glassy; transparent. See
diaphanous.

\ Male.

?. Female.

AN ALPHABETICAL AND EXPLANATORY LIST OF LOCALI-
TIES OF WHICH THE LEPLDOPTEROUS FAUNA IS MORE
OR LESS KNOWN.

ABYSSINIA (Arabic). A country in
East Africa, bordering on the Red
Sea on the north-east, and on Nubia
on the west.

ADELAIDE. The capital of South
Australia.

AFGHANISTAN. The country of the
Afghans ; lies between Persia and
Hindostan, south of Turkistan, and
north of Beloochistan.

AFR. Africa. Afrique.

AFRICA CENT. Interior of Africa.

AFRICA MER. South Africa.

AFRICA SEPT. North Africa.

AFRICA occ. West Africa.

AFRICA OR. Eastern Africa.

ALABAMA (Indian}. One of the
United States of N. Am. ; it is south
of Tennessee, east of Mississippi,
and west of Georgia.

ALASKA. Formerly Russian Amer-
ica ; the most north-western part of
N. Am.

ALBANIA. In the south-west of
European Turkey.

ALGIERS, ) One of the Barbary

ALGIRIA. / States, on northern coast
of Africa, between Morocco and
Tunis.

ALLEGHANY (Indian}. Alleghany
River, Alleghany Mts., in western
Pennsylvania and Virginia.

ALEUTIAN ISLANDS. A chain of
islands between Alaska and Kamt-
schatka.

ALPS. Higher mountains of Europe.

ALPINE. Relating to the Alps.

ALT., 1 Altai Mountains in S. W.

ALTAI. /Siberia.

AMASIA. A town in Asia Minor.

AMAZON INF. Lower Amazons.

AMAZON SUP. Upper Amazons.

AMBALA. North-west India, near
the Himalayas.

AMBOINA, ) One of the smaller of

I AMBOYNA. / the Moluccas, or Spice
Islands, the home of Ornithoptera
Priamus.

| AM. America. Amerique.

AMERICA BOR. Arctic America.

i AMERICA SEPT. North America.

: AMERICA MERID. South America.

! AMOORLAND, ) Amur. Amurensis.

j AMURLAND. /The country along the
Amur river in the eastern part of
Chinese Tartary.

ANDALUSIA. One of the southern
provinces of Spain.

ANDES. High mountain ranges of S.
America.

ANDAMAN ISLANDS. A number of
islands in the Bay of Bengal south
of Birmah.

IANEITIUM. One of the southern of
the New Plebrides.

ANGLIA. England.

ANGOLA. On the west coast of Af-
rica, below Loango. St. Paul de
Loando is the principal settlement.

ANTICOSTI ISLAND. A large island
in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, south
of Labrador.

ANTILLES. The great and lesser An-
tilles, the West Indian Islands.

ANTIOCH, 1 A town in the north -

ANTIOCHIA. / west of Syria.

APOLOBAMBA. A town in the pro-
vince of Beni, in north-western
Bolivia.

APPALACHICOLA. (Indian). A town
in west Florida at the mouth of the
Appalachicola river.

ARABIA. The country lying south of
Asiatic Turkey, between the Gulf
of Persia and the Red Sea.

ARARAT. A mountain in Eastern
Armenia, 17,100 feet high.

ARAL SEA. A large, inland sea in

46

LIST OF LOCALITIES.

47

South-western Siberia ; its southern
shores are on Turan.

ARCTIC REGIONS. The region north
of N. L. 60.

ARIZONA (Indian). A Territory,
bounded on the west by California,
on the south by Mexico, on the east
by N. Mexico, and on the north by
Utah.

ARKANSAS (Indian}. One of the
United States ; it lies east of Indian
Territory, and north of Louisiana.

ARM., ) North-eastern part of

ARMENIA, j Asiatic Turkey.

ARU. Aru Islands. A group of
islands south of the western end of
New Guinea.

As. Asia.

ASIA MINOR. Little Asia; the north-
western part of Asiatic Turkey.

ASHANTI. In north Guinea, on the
west coast of Africa.

ASTRACHAN. South-eastern Russia ;
its principal town, of the same name,
is at the mouth of the Volga.

ASSAM. A district of N. E. Hindostan,
adjoining Birmah. Also a settle-
ment on the island of Bali.

ATLANTIC STATES. Those of the
United States bordering on the
Atlantic Ocean.

AUSTRIA. The Empire of Austria, in
Germany, is north of Turkey, west
of Russia and south of Prussia.

AUSTRALIA. The largest island in
the world, it lies south of Papua.
Its Lepidopterous fauna does not
present the same remarkable forms
as in the larger animals, although
there are immense Cossidae, some ex-
panding eight inches, besides cu-
rious Sphingidae, etc.

AUSTRALASIA. Contains Australia,
New Guinea, New Zealand, Van-
diernans' Land, Solomon's Islands,
New Britain, New Ireland, and
New Hebrides.

AZORES. A group of small islands
in the Atlantic, westward of Por-
tugal.

BAHIA. A district of Brazil; B-ihia
or Sausalvador, on the Bay of All

Saints on the eastern coast is one of
the principal cities of Brazil.

BAHAMAS. Bahama or Lucayan
Islands, a number of small islands
east and south-east of Florida.

BAIKAL LAKE. An inland sea in
Irkoutsk, south-eastern Siberia.

BALCAN, ) A tract of country, em-

BALKAN. ( bracing Dalmatia, Euro-
pean Turkey and Greece.

BALI, ) An island direct east of

BALY. I Java, lying between the latter
and Lombok.

BANANA ISLAND. Near the coast of
Sierra Leone, west Africa. The
locality of Dfury's wonderful, long-

/ / fj

tailed Saturnia Argus.

BANCA. A small island, N. E. of
Celebes, from which it is separated
by the Straits of Banca.

BANDA ISLANDS. Some small islands
of the Moluccas, lying between the
latter and Obi.

BANKA. An island in the China Sea,
close to and south-eastward of Su-
matra, famous for its tin mines.

BARBARY, ) The north coast of

BARBARIA. j Africa, embracing Mo-
rocco, Algiers, Tunis and Tripoli.

BATAVIA. The capital of Java.

BATCHIAN. One of the Moluccas, near
the southern extremity of Gilolo.

BEIIRING'S STRAIT. The narrow strait
that separates Asia from America ;
it is but 40 miles wide.

BELGIUM. Kingdom of Belgium,
north-east of France.

BELOOCHISTAN. The country south of
Afghanistan, and between Persia and
Hiudostan.

BENGAL, ) That part of Hindostan

BENGALIA. j that lies on the Ganges.

BERMUDAS. Small islands in the
Atlantic, eastward from Georgia.

BEYRAT, i A town on the west

BEYROUT. I coast of Syria.

BHOTAN. In the north-east of Hindo-
stan, near Assam.

BIRMAH. A part of Farther India,
lying between Hindostan and Siam,
and bordering on the south on the
Bay of Bengal.

48

LIST OF LOCALITIES.

Arctic.

BISSAO. Portugese possession on the
coast of Senegambia, West Africa.

BITH. | North - western Asia

BITHYNIA. ] Minor.

BOHEMIA. In the north-west of Aus-
tria, south of Saxony and east of
Bavaria.

BOLIVIA. A republic of South Amer-
ica, north of Buenos Ayres and be-
tween Brazil and Peru.

BOMBAY. A district on the west coast
of Hindostan. Its capital bears
the same name.

BOOTAN. See Bhotan.

BOOTHIA-FELIX. In Arctic America,
north of Prince William's Land.
The types of Colias Bootlm were
taken there by the 2d Ross expedi-
tion in 1832.

BOR,

BOREALIS. .

BORNEO. An immense island lying
south-east of Farther India, north
of Java, and south of the Philip-
pines.

BOURBON. Isle of Bourbon. An
Island in the Indian Ocean east of
Madagascar.

BOUEU. One of the Moluccas, lies
west of Ceram and Amboina, and
south of Obi and Batchian.

BRAZIL, > Empire of Brazil in

BRASILIA. $ S. America.

BRISBANE. A town on Moreton Bay,
in New South Wales, East Aus-
tralia.

BRITANNIA. Great Britain.

BRITISH AMERICA, ? The British

BRITISH COLUMBIA. $ possessions in
N. America, comprising, with the
exception of Alaska, all that part
north of N. L. 49.

BRITISH GUIANA. Demerara, Esse-
quibo and Berbice.

BUENOS AYRES. That part of S.
America east of Chili, south of
Bolivia, and north of Patagonia.

BULGARIA. A territory in the eastern
part of European Turkey, separated
from Wallachia on the north by the
Danube River, while on the east it
borders on the Black Sea.

BURIAS. A small island, near the
south-eastern extremity of the great
island of Luzon.

BURMAH. See Birmah.

BUTOX. One of the Moluccas, close
to and south-east of Celebes.

CAFFRARIA. On the south-east coast
of Africa, east of Cape Colony.
Natal is its principal town.

CALABAR. New and Old Calabar,
two settlements on the coast of upper
Guinea, West Africa.

CALABRIA. Extreme southern pro-
vince of Italy.

CALCUTTA. The largest city in Hin-
dostan, situated on the Hoogly river,
one of the mouths of the Ganges

CALIFORNIA. On west coast of N.
America, borders on the Pacific and
is south of Oregon. The Lepidop-
terous Fauna of this state and.adja-
cent territories have a wonderful
similarity to those of Europe.

CAMBODIA. In Farther India, east of
Siam.

CAMEROONS. In lower Guinea, west
coast of Africa, below Calabar.

CAMETA. A town in N. Brazil near
the mouth of the Tocantius river.

CAMPEACHY. On west coast of Yu-
catan.

CANADA. Dominion of Canada, part
of the British possessions in North
America.

CANARA. A district on west coast of
Hindostan.

CANARIES, ? A group of

CANARY ISLANDS. $ islands west of
Morocco.

CAPE COAST. Coast around the Cape
of Good Hope.

CAPE COLONY. The southernmost
part of Africa.

CAPE OF GOOD HOPE. The most
southern point of Africa.

CAPE TOWN. Capital of Cape Colony.

CAPE YORK. The northernmost point
of Australia; it is the home of the
Ornithoptera car. PronowuS.

CAPE VERDE. On the coast of Sene-
gambia, the most western point of
Africa.

LIST OF LOCALITIES.

49

CAPE VERDE ISLANDS. A cluster
of islands off Cape Verde.

CAPIM. A small river which empties
into the Rio Para near its mouth,
in Para district, north Brazil.

CAROLINAS. The States of North and
South Carolina.

CAROLINE ISLANDS. A number of
small islands in Polynesia, north-
east of New Guinea.

CARACCAS. The cnpital city of Vene-
zuela ; it is situated 3,000 feet above
the sea ; was almost entirely de-
stroyed by an earthquake in 1812,
which buried 10,000 of its inhabi-
tants.

CASHMIR, ) The most northern

CASHMERE. S district of Hindostan.

CASPIAN SEA. Great inland sea,
having Russia on the north-west,
Turan on the east, and Persia on
the south.

CATHAY. China proper.

CATSKILLS. Catskill Mountains, on
the borders of Greene and Ulster
Counties, in eastern New York.

CASTILE. Province of Central Spain.
It is from here the peerless Saturn ia
IsabeUcc comes.

CAUCASUS. Mountains in Georgia,
south-east Russia, ranging from the
Caspian Sea to the Black Sea.

CAYENNE. " French Guiana.

CAZAMANCA. River in Senegambia,
west coast of Africa.

CELEBES. A large, very irregular-
shaped island, lying between Borneo
and the Moluccas.

CENT. AM., ? The territory

CENTRAL AMERICA. $ between Mexico
and S. America, consists of the
states of Guatemala, Honduras,
Nicaragua and some smaller ones.
This country is in the enjoyment of
almost continual internecine Avar.

CERAM. One of the Moluccas, direct
west of New Guinea, and south of
Gilola.

CEYLON. A large island south of
Hindostan.

CHATHAM ISLAND. A small island
east of New Zealand.

CHIAPAS. The southernmost province
of Mexico, adjacent to Guatemala.

CHILI. One of the South American
states, on the Pacific coast south of
Peru, and west of Argentine Re-
public or Buenos Ayres.

CHILOE. An island directly south of
Chili.

CHINA. Properly that portion of the
Chinese Empire south of Tartary,
east of Thibet, and north of Farther
India.

CHINESE TARTARY. A great tract
of country lying between the Amoor
River and China. A part of the
Chinese Empire.

CHIMBORAZO. The second highest
mountain in S. Am., is 21,427 feet
in height. In the western part of
Ecuador.

CHIRIQUI. District in West Panama,
adjacent to Costa-Rica. Marvel-
ously rich in Lepidoptera. The
locality of Dynastor Napoleon.

CHUSAN, OR TSCHUSAN. A small
island near the east coast of China.

CIRCUMPOLAR. That portion north
of N. L. 60, surrounding the North
Pole.

COCHIN CHINA. The part of Farther
India on the west bordering on the
China Sea.

COLORADO TERRITORY. South of
Wyoming, east of Utah, north of
N. Mexico, and west of Kansas ;
rich in a peculiar mountain fauna

COLUMBIA. United States of Colum-
bia, New Granada, the north-
western state of S. America.

CONNECTICUT. One of the New Eng-
land States, east of New York and
south of Massachusetts.

CONGO. In Lower Guinea, west coast
of Africa, between Loaugo and
Angola.

COPAN. The ruins of an ancient city
in north-western Guatemala. Num-
bers of wonderfully carved sand-
stone idols and altars, of whose
origin or history nothing is known,
are there succumbing to the effects
of time and quietly crumbling away.

50

LIST OP LOCALITIES.

CORDILLERAS. The Andes. A long
chain of mountains extending along
the whole western coast of South
America, from north to south.

( '<>I;EA. A peninsula N. E. of China,
between the Yellow Sea and the Sea
of Japan.

COROMANDEL. South-east coast of
Hindostan.

CORRIENTES. A cape on the coast
of Mozambique, east Africa. Also
a province and town in the east of
Buenos Ayres, S. America.

CORSICA. A large island in the
Mediterranean Sea, west of France.
The birth-place of Napoleon Bona-
parte.

COSTA RICA. The most southern
State of Central America, lying
between Nicaragua and Panama.
It has a glorious Lepidopterous
fauna.

CRETE. Candia. A large island in
the Mediterranean Sea, south of
Greece.

CROATIA. The most north-western
territory of European Turkey.

CUBA. Largest of the West India
Islands, is the locality for the gor-
geous and rare Papilio Gundlaehi-
anus, P. CctiguanabuSf and other
fine species which occur nowhere
else.

CUENCA. A town in the south-
western part of Ecuador.

CURACOA. Island north of Venezuela.

CYPRUS. A large island in the Med-
iterranean, near to and belonging to
Asiatic Turkey.

DAHOMEY. East of Ashanti, in Up-
per Guinea, west coast of Africa.
The pleasant place where on the
death of one of its kings, a few
thousands of his slaves and wives
are immolated at the burial of the
dear departed.

DAKOTA, ) Territory of the United

DAKOTAH. $ States, it is bounded on
the porth by British Columbia, on
the south by Nebraska, east by Min-
nesota and west by Montana and
Wyoming.

DALMATIA. A narrow territory be-
longing to Austria; it adjoins on
the east Croatia, in Eur. Turkey,
and on the west it coasts the Gulf
of Venice.

DAMARA LAND. South-west const of
Africa, above Cape Colony.

DAMASCUS. A city in the south-west
of Syria.

DANIA. Denmark.

DARIEN. Isthmus of Darien, the
narrow neck of land that connects
North and South America.

DARJEELING. In Sikim, north-
eastern Hindostan.

DAURIA,

DECCAN. Large district in southern
Hindostan.

DELAWARE. One of the United
States, south of Pennsylvania and
New Jersey.

DELAWARE RIVER. Runs between
Pennsylvania and New Jersey, and
between the latter and Delaware.

DELHI. A district in northern Hin-
dostan, west of Nepaul and Oude ;
its capital city, of the same name,
was the seat of government and
residence of the Mogul dynasty.

DEMERARA. British Guiana, lies be-
tween Venezuela and Surinam, or
Dutch Guiana, on the north coast
of South America. Georgetown,
its capital, is situated at the mouth
of the Demerara River.

DENMARK. Kingdom of Denmark.

DIGNE. A town in the lower Alps
in south-east part of France near
the borders of Italy ; the beautiful
and rare Thais var. Honor atii occurs
in this locality.

| DHAWALAGHIRI. The highest peak
in the world ; one of the Himalaya
range in North Hindostan ; it is
28,070 feet high.

DOREY. A point on the north-went
of New Guinea.

DSHILOLA. Gilola.

DUTCH GUIANA. Surinam, on the
northern coast of S. A merica, between
British Guiana and Cayenne or

LIST OF LOCALITIES.

51

French Guiana. It was here that
Mad. Merian sojourned in 1699 and
1701, for the purpose of collecting
and studying the material for her
great work, the " Metamorphosis
InsectorumSuranamensium," which
was one of the earliest illustrated
works on Lepidoptera published.
On the Zoellen plantation, in this
district, the original of Cramer's
figure of JEudcemonia Semiramis was
taken, one of the most remarkable
moths in the world, having tails to
the hind wings five inches long.

EAST INDIES. East Indian Archi-
pelago; the islands in the Pacific;
Malaysia, Australasia, and Poly-
nesia.

ECUADOR, \ Territory in the west

EQUADOR. / of South America, be-
tween Columbia and Peru ; it con-
tains the highest peaks of the Andes,
Chimborazo and Cotopaxi ; the
former was ascended by the great
Humboldt, in 1797, to' the height
of over 19,000 feet,

EGA. A town on the Amazon, in
Solimoes district, north-west Brazil.

P^GYPT. The north-eastern territory
of Africa. The land of the Pha-
raohs, but remarkably meagre in
Lepidoptera, though a land of
mighty wonders to the archaeologist.

ENG." England.

EQUATORIAL AFRICA. That portion
of Africa along the Equator, includ-
ing Lower Guinea, Ethiopia, Zan-
guebar, etc.

ERIE (Indian). Lake Erie, one of
the five great lakes of North Amer-
ica, four of which Superior, Huron,
Erie and Ontario, lay between the
United States and British Columbia.

ESMERALDAS. A town on the north-
east coast of Ecuador.

ETHIOPIA. ^Ethiopia, central Africa ;
most of it unknown.

EUR.,

EUXLNE SEA. Black Sea, lying be-

tween Russia and Turkey.
FARTHER INDIA. Includes Burrnah,

Siam, Cambodia, Cochin China,
Laos, Tonquin and Malaya.
FEEJEES. Feejee Islands ; a cluster
of small islands in Polynesia east of
the New Hebrides ; the two princi-
pal are Takanova and Amboo.

i FENNIA. Finnland.
FERNANDO Po. An island near the
northern part of the roast of Lower
Guinea, W. Africa.
FEZZAN. Great oasis in Sahara, south
of Tripoli.

FII.IIS. The Feejee Islands <SVf Feejees.

FINNLAND. The country of the Finns,
in north-west Russia, it borders on
the north on Lapland, and on the
west on the Baltic Sea.

FLA. Florida.

FLORES. An island in Malaysia east
of Java, between Sambawa and
Timor, and south of Celebes.

FLORIDA. The most southern of the
United States ; it joins Georgia on
the north, its west coast is on the
Gulf of Mexico, and its east on the
Atlantic Ocean.

FONTE BOA. A town on the Amazon
River, in Solimoes district, north-
western Brazil.

FORMOSA. A great island off the
coast of China.

FR. France. German, Frankreich.

FRENCH GUIANA. See Cayenne.

FRIENDLY ISLANDS. A group of
small islands in Polynesia, east of
the Feejees, and south of Navigator's
Islands.

GABOON. A river on the Equator, in
Lower Guinea, west Africa.

GALAPAGOS. Some small islands on
the Equator, west of S. America.

GALICIA. A northern province of
Austria, bordering on Russia.

GALLIA. France.

GAMBIA. A river in Senegambia,
west coast of Africa.

GEBIRGE (German). Mountains.

GENIGUEH. In southern California.

GEORGIA. One of the United States
of N. America ; on its north is
Tennessee, on the south Florida,
on the west Alabama, on the east

52

LIST OF LOCALITIES.

South Carolina and the^ Atlantic

Js

Ocean.

GEORGIA. In Transcaucasia ; a tract
of country separated from south-east
Russia by the Caucasian Mountains ;
on its south are Asiatic Turkey and
Persia.

GY. Germany.

GERMANIA. Germany.

GILOLA. The largest of the Moluccas,
lays between New Guinea and
Celebes.

GOLD COAST. Coast of Ashanti, W.
Africa.

GORAM. An island, in Malaysia, east
of Cerain and west of New Guinea.

GRAECIA. Greece.

GRANADA. Southern part of Spain,
bordering on the Mediterranean
Sea.

GREAT SLAVE LAKE. In Northern
British America.

GREENLAND. Polar regions north-
east of British America, it is here
that, Colias Hcda is found.

GUADALOUPE. One of the Little
Antilles, south-east from Porto
Rico and Hayti.

GUATEMALA. In Central America,
lies between Honduras and Chiapas,
and borders on the Pacific.

GUAYAQUIL. A town in western
Ecuador.

GUAXACA. See Oaxaca.

GUINEA. Upper and Lower Guinea,
in the west coast of Africa; the
former embraces Ashanti, Dahomey,
etc., and the latter Loango, Angola,
Benguela, etc.

GULF OF GUAYAQUIL. On the south-
west coast of Ecuador.

HAITI. Hayti, or St. Domingo, with
tin 1 exception of Cuba, the largest
of the West India Islands.

HAKODADI. A city on the southern
point of the island of Yesso, or
Jesso, in Japan.

H ALICIA. See Galicia.

HAWAII. Owyhee, the largest of the
Sandwich Islands. Capt. Cook was
killed there in 1779.

HELVETIA. Switzerland; Schweiz.

HEBRIDES. Some islands north-west
of Scotland, sometimes called the
Western Islands.

HIBEHNIA. Ireland.

HIMALAYA. The great chain of
mountains in the north of Hindo-
stan, containing the highest peaks
in the world.

HINDOSTAN. India, south of Tartary,
and between the Arabian Sea and
Bay of Bengal.

HISPANIA. Spain.

HONDURAS. In Central America, east
of Guatemala, and north of Nicara-
gua and San Salvador.

HONG-KONG. A city on a little
island at the mouth of the Si Kiang
River, south-eastern coast of China.

HUDSON BAY. Vast body of water
in British America.

HUNGARY. Ungarn. A kingdom of
Austria, south of Galicia.

HURON. Lake Huron ; one of the
five great lakes of N. America ; its
western shores are on the state of
Michigan, and its eastern on Canada.

/&., \ Peninsula of Spain and

Iberia. / Portugal.

Iceland. A large, Arctic island, north-
west of Great Britain, and to the
east of Greenland.

IDAHO (Indiaii). One of the western
Territories of the U. S. ; it borders
on the west on Washington Terri-
tory and Oregon, on the east on
Montana and Wyoming, on the
south on Utah and Nevada, and
on the north on British America.

I, -]

ILE., T , -,

ISLE, ' Island '

Is. j

III. \ (Indian}. One of the

Illinois. /United States of N. Am.;
it is south of Wisconsin, and is
bounded on the east by Indiana,
on the west by Iowa and Missouri,
and south by Kentucky.

IMERITIA. Western Transcaucasia.

IND., \ Hindostau and Farther

INDIA. /India.

INDIAN ISLANDS. Malaysia, Poly-

LIST OF LOCALITIES.

53

nesia and Australasia.

INDIANA. One of the United States
of N. Am., south of Michigan, north
of Kentucky, west of Ohio, and east
of Illinois.

INDUS. A large river in the north-
west of Hindostan ; it empties into
the Arabian Sea.

INSAGASUGA. The emerald mine dist-
rict of New Granada ; the home of
the glorious Morpho Ct/pris, of
which the natives have a pretty
legend that the souls of these most
lovely butterflies pass into the erne- '
raids, or vice-versa, I forget which.

INS. Island.

INS. AND. Andaman's Islands.

INS. DARNLEY. Darn ley's Islands.

INS. IND. Indian Islands.

INS. KE. Ke Islands.

INS. PELEW. Pelew Islands.

INS. VAN. Vancouver's Island.

INS. WOODLARK. Wood lark Island,
one of the Louisades.

INVER. The month of; as, Invcr&vy
the mouth of the Ary.

IONIAN ISLANDS. Cephalonia, Zante,
Santa Maura, Ithica, Corfu, Paxo
and Cerigo, all islands belonging to,
and west of Greece.

IOWA (Indian}. One of the U. S.
of N. America, lying south of Min-
nesota, east of Nebraska, west of
Illinois, and north of Missouri.

IRAN. Persia.

IRELAND. One of the British Islands;
part of the kingdom of Great Britain.

IRKUTSK, ~) Territory in S. E. Si-

IRKOOTSK, Vberia. Its capital city,

IRKOUTSK. J bearing the same name,
is the emporium of Eastern Siberia.

IRRAWADDI, 1 A large river run-

IRRAWADDY. / ning through Burmah
from north to south.

ISLANDIA. Iceland.

ISLE OF BOURBON. See Bourbon.

ISLE OF MAN. An island in the Irish
Sea, south of Scotland, north-west
of England.

ISLE OF PINES. A West Indian
Island, south of western Cuba.

ISLE OF WIGHT. In the British Chan-

The third largest of the

nel directly south of Hampshire.

ISPAHAN. A city in the centre of
Persia, of which kingdom it was
formerly the Capital ; it is still one
of the finest cities in western Asia.

TT

ITALIA.

JAKUTSK. Territory in eastern Si-
beria, on the Lena River, which
permeates through it, is the town of
Jakutsk, or Yakoutsk, one of the
principal depots of the fur trade.

JALLORE PASS. A pass in the moun-
tains of Koolloo, one of the northern
provinces of Hindostan.

JAMAICA.

West Indian Islands; it lies south
of eastern Cuba.

JAPAN, ) The Japanese Empire,

JAPONIA. / consistingofa chain of large
islands east of Tartary and China.

JAVA. One of the large islands of
Malaysia; it lies south of Borneo
and south-east of Sumatra, from
which latter it is only separated by
the Straits of Sunda.

JEDDO, 1 The capital of the Japanese

JEDO. /Empire, is situated on the
east coast of the Island of Niphon,
and is one of the most populous
cities in the world.

JERUSALEM. The Holy City, is in the
southern half of Palestine, between
the Dead Sea and the Mediterranean
Ocean, and both wonderful and rare
to relate, it is equally the Holy City
of Israelite, Christian and Moham-
medan.

JILOLA. See Gilola.

JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS. Masa-
fuera, Masatiera and Goat Is. ; three
small islands in the Pacific, west
of Chili, rendered famous through

o

Defoe s story of Robinson Crusoe,

(Alexander Selkirk,) who was left
there to take care of himself for ever
so long, and who was, if a tithe of
what was said about him be true,
a most fortunate and ingenious gen-
tleman.

JUTIA, ) The northern and
JUTLAND, /greater part of Denmark.

54

LIST OF LOCALITIES.

KALAMAZOO. A town in the .south
west of Michigan.

KAMTCHATKA, ] A peninsula of

KAMTSCHATKA. J Siberia, between the
Okhotsk and Kamtchatka Seas.

KANAWHA. A county in West Vir-
ginia. The home of the peerless
Argynnis Diana.

KANAWHA RIVER. A branch of the
Ohio River, in west Virginia, run-
ning through the counties of Mason,
Putnam, Kanawha and Fayette,
and between Raleigh and Green-
brier, and Mercer and Monroe.

KANGAROO ISLAND. An island near
the south coast of N. S. Wales
Australia.

KANSAS. One of the United States,
south of Nebraska, north of Indian
Territory, east of Colorado, and
west of Missouri.

KE ISLANDS. Directly south of west-
ern New Guinea.

KENTUCKY. One of United States
of N. Am., divided bv the Ohio

River on the north from Illinois,
Indiana and Ohio, on its east is
Virginia, and south of it is Tenn-
essee.

KERN COUNTY. In Southern Cali-
fornia, lying north-west of San Ber-
nardino, and south of Tulare coun-
ties; it contains a river and a lake
of the same name.

This is a sort of a memorial definition ;
asprobably very few persons now living know,
and still fewer care, why it was so named, hut
inasmuch as the three persons to \vhom this
county, river and lake were dedicated, were
own brothers to the writer's maternal rela-
tive, he of course feels it incumbent to write
these few facts. In Philadelphia were three
brothers bearing respectively the names of
Ben., Richard and Edward Kern, and they
were sons of a ertain John Kern, who was
a " man in place," having for many years, up
to the time of his death, which event was
caused by the falling of a derrick in the
Philadelphia Navy Yard, enjoyed the com-
forts and emoluments arising from the
collectorship of the Port of Philadelphia.
The eldest of these brothers, Ben., was a doc-
tor, and the other two, Richard and Edward,
were artists all three were naturalists ; many
years since, when California was a terra in-
cognita, these brothers accompanied Fremont
on his pioneer expedition over the Rocky

Mts., where Ben. had his career rather summa-
rily ended by either the arrows of the noble In-
dian or from the slower but less painful effects of
cold and starvation, which was the proximate
cause, has I helieve, never been definitely set-
tled, neither at this late date can it be of any
material importance. Some years later, in
1853, the second brother, Richard, was massa-
cred along with Gunnison's surveying party
on the Sevier river, by Utah Indians, who by
these sanguinary means became the joyous
possessors of sundry mules, arms and engi-
neering instruments. The youngest and
surviving brother, Edward, ' accompanied
Perry's Expedition to Japan, and shortly
after the return of the expedition to the
United States, he died of heart-sickness, or
starvation, or something of the sort, which,
however, is also at this late date of no particu-
lar import. Whether the name of these
brothers was bestowed on the desolate earth
and water in question, by Fremont, or them-
selves, or whether it was an honor conferred
by the administration, is a point I am not
able to decide, neither does this much matter
now, though we will trust it was thelatter, as we
have no record of any further or other fid*
of munificence done by a grateful govern-
ment in acknowledment of their services and
the sacrifice of their lives. Requiescant.

N. B. Capt. Gunnison's name is also rend-
ered immortal by an island in the northern
part of Great Salt Lake, which, on a verv
large map, is represented by a spot or two
quite the size of a speck of fly dirt.

KIACHTA. A town on the Selinga

o

River in Irkutsk, south east Siberia.

KIRGH., ] Great Siberian

KIRGHIS, V deserts sonth-

! KIRGHIS STEPPES, j east of the Ural
River.

KHORASSEN, "I North-eastern Persia,

KORASSEN. /bordering on Afghan-
istan and Turkistan.

KODIAK. An island south of Alaska,

KOOLLOO. A mountainous district of
northern Hindostan.

KORDOFAN. A territory in eastern
Africa, south of Nubia, west of Sen-
nar and Abyssinia, and south-east
of the Libyan Desert

KOORILE ISLANDS. A chain of snial I
islands, running from near the south
point of Karatchatka to near \"esso,
one of the Japanese Islands.

KOORDISTAN. The territory of the
Kurds, a mountainous district on
the borders of Asiatic Turkey and
Persia.

KUMA. A river south of Astrachan,

LIST OF LOCALITIES.

55

in south-east Russia.

KURDISTAN. See Koordistan.

KURILES. See Koorile Islands.

LABRADOR. The part of British
America bordering on the Atlantic,
south-west of Greenland. Lt has a
Lepidopterous fauna in which are
species found nowhere else on earth,
among them Colid* Pastes, Art/t/n-
ais Polaris, etc. ; these are found at
N. L. 57.

LABUAN. A small island near the
north-west of Borneo.

LADAK, 1 A town in north-west

LADAKH. j Thibet.

LAHORE. A city in the Punjab, in
north-west Hindostan.

LAKE ERIE. See Erie.

LAKE MICHIGAN. One of the five
great lakes of N. Am.; it lies be-
tween the States of Michigan and
Wisconsin, arid south of Lake Su-
perior.

LAKE HURON. See Huron.

LAKE N'GAMi. Great lake in the
interior of eastern Africa west from
Zanzibar.

LAKE ONTARIO. One of the great
hikes of N. Am. ; it lies north-west
of State of New York.

LAKE SUPERIOR. The largest of the
five great lakes, it lies between the
State of Michigan and Canada West.

LAKE TCHAD. A great inland Sea
in Bornu, Central Africa.

LAKE WINNEPEG. A lake in the
southern part of British America,
north-west of Lake Superior.

LAOS. A part of Farther India,
having Tonquin and Cochin China
on the east, China on the north,
Burmah and Siam on the west, and
Cambodia on the south.

LA PAZ. One of the western districts
(if Bolivia, the principal town of
which bears the same name. Also
a town in the southern part of
Lower California.

LAI-PLAXO. \ The most north-
LAPPOMA, ) western part of Russia,
jibnve the Arctic line; it borders on
the north on the Arctic Ocean.

LA PUEBLA. One of the Mexican
States; its north coast is on the
Gulf of Mexico, and its south on
the Pacific Ocean. Its capital city
bears the same name.

LIVONIA. A province in western Russia

LOANGO. District of Lower Guinea,
west coast of Africa.

LOMBOK. One of the chain of islands
directly east of Java ; it lies between
Bali and Sumbawa. Bali is the
island immediately next to Java,
and separated from it by the Straits
of Bali or Baly.

Loo Cnoo ISLANDS. Oft' the east
coast of China, and south of Japan.

Los ANGELOS. A town in the south-
ern part of California, in the county
of the same name. It was in the
latter that the types of Hym&nites
( '( 1 1 if arnica, Lt/ccena, Tejua, Lyccena
JJaiiica, etc., were taken.

LOUISIANA. One of the southern
United States of N. Am. ; originally
settled by the French ; it is south
of Arkansas, west of Mississippi,
east of Texas, and borders the Gulf
of Mexico on the south.

LOUISADE ARCHIPELAGO. A num-
ber of small islands near the eastern
extremity of New Guinea.

LUSITANIA. Portugal.

LUZON. The largest of the Philip-
pine Islands, it lies east from Cochin
China and south of the .island of
Formosa, which latter is off the
coast of China.

LYDIA. West and south-west Asiatic
Turkey.

MACASSAR. A town on south-west
end of Celebes.

MACASSAR STRAITS. Run between
Borneo and Celebes.

MACAO. An island and town on the
estuary of the Si Kiang River,south-
eastern coast of China.

MACKENZIE'S RIVER. A large river
in north-western British America.

MADAGASCAR. A great island off the
south-east coast of Mozambique,
Africa, from which it is separated
by the Mozambique Channel. It is

56

LIST OF LOCALITIES.

here that Tlialiura Rhipheus, the
most splendid of all known Lepi-
dopterons, is found.

MADEIRA ISLANDS. Some small
islands west of Morocco.

MADJICA-SIMA. Some small islands
north-east of Formosa and south of
the Loo Choo Islands.

MADRAS. The capital of the Presi-
dency of Madras, on the Coromandel
coast, south-east Hindostan.

MADURA. An island in the Java Sea,
north of the eastern end of Java.

MAGELLAN. Straits of Magellan,
between Patagonia and Terra-del-
Fnego.

MAINE. The most north-eastern of
the United States of N. America.

MALABAR. The south-western coast
of Hindostan.

MALACCA, ) The southernmost part

MALAYA, j of Farther India, and is
a peninsula south of Siaru, on the
west the straits of Malacca divide
it from Sumatra, and on the east it
coasts the China Sea.

MALAYSIA. The Asiatic Islands, em-
bracing Sumatra, Java, Borneo,
Philippines, Celebes and Moluccas
or Spice Islands.

MANADA. See Menado.

MANILLA. The capital city of the
Philippines, is in the south-western
part of the island of Luzon, the
largest of that group.

MANTCHOORIA, ^ North-eastern part

MANTCHURIA, Vof the Chinese em-

MANDSHOORIA. j pire ; Arnoorland.

MARACAIBO. A city of Venezuela,
on Maracaibo lake near its outlet.

MAROCCO. One of the Barbary States,
the most north-western part of
Africa.

MARANHAM. An important com-
mercial town on an island at the
mouth of (he Maranham River, in
the district, of same name in the
north-east of Brazil.

MARQUESAS ISLANDS. One of the
more eastern of the groups of Poly-
nesia, they are in the same latitude

as the south-eastern end of New
Guinea.

MARTINIQUE. One of the lesser An-
tilles.

MARYLAND. One of the United
States of N. America, south of
Pennsylvania and north and north-
east of Virginia.

MASS., "^ One of the New

MASSACHUSETTS, j England States,
it lies east of New York, and south
of Vermont and New Hampshire,
north of Connecticut and Rhode
Island, and on the east it fronts
the Atlantic.

MATABELLA. An island south of
Goram, and south-west of New
Guinea.

MATANZAS. A city on the northern
coast of western Cuba.

MAUNA ROA. A volcano in Owhy-
hee, Sandwich Islands.

MAUR , ) North-west Africa.

MAURETANIA. J Algiers and Morocco.

MAURITIUS. An island in the Indian
Ocean, east of Madagascar and
north-east of Isle of Bourbon.
Tlialiura Wiiphcns has also been
found on this island.

MD. Maryland.

t/

MELBOURNE. The capital of Victoria
the south-eastern province of Aus-
tralia.
MENADO. Town on the north-east of

Celebes.

MERIDA. The capital of Yucatan,
is in the north-west of that state,
about 25 miles from the coast.
M., )

MER., V South.

MERIDIONALIS. j

MEX., \ The country of the MOD-
MEXICO, j tezumas, or rather what is
left of it ; what still remains is
bounded on the north and north-
east by New Mexico and Texas.
The principal pastime of the inhab-
itants is to cut each others' throats.
They have very frequent changes of
the administration, sometimes being
blest with several in one day. The

LIST OF LOCALITIES.

57

Emperor Maximilian endeavored to
establish order and suppress anar-
chv, but through the interference of
the United States, which wanted
Mexico for itself, his efforts were
rendered abortive, and he shared
the fate of other reformers, be-
ing ruthlessly murdered by the
miserable ruffians who now enact
the farce of governing that unhappy
country. No measures were taken
to avenge his death, and it was with
difficulty that the body could be
saved from desecration and given
up to his family for interment. The
fauna of Mexico is beautiful, espe-
cially towards the south, but it is
worth a man's life to travel through
it, as each inhabitant considers him
or herself a self-constituted commit-
tee of one to murder and rob who-
ever Providence sends in their way.

MICHIGAN. One of the United States
of America, its northern boundary
is Lake Superior, its eastern Lake
Huron, its western Lake Michigan,
and on its south are the states of
Indiana and Ohio.

MINAS GERAES. A district south of
Bahia in south-east of Brazil.

MINDANAO. The second in size, and
the most southern of the Philippine
Islands, it lies north of Celebes and
north-east from Borneo.

MINDORA. One of the Philippine
Islands, it lies south of Luzon.

MINNESOTA (Indian}. One of the
United States, its northern border
is on British America, to its east is
Lake Michigan, on its south is the
State of Iowa and on its west,
Dakota h Territory.

MISSISSIPPI. One of the southern
United States; it is bounded on the
north by Tennessee, east by Alabama,
on the west the Mississippi River
separates it from Louisiana and Ar-
kansas, and on its south lay Florida
and the Gulf of Mexico.

MISSOURI. One of the United States;
it lies south of Iowa, westof Illinois,
east of Kansas, north of Arkansas.

MOLDAVIA. An eastern province of
Austria, north-east of Wallachia.

MOLUCCAS. Spice Islands, a group
of islands in Malaysia ; they lie
south-east of the Philippines, and be-
tween New Guinea and Celebes;
they consist of Gilola, Morty, Bat-
chian, Mysol, Ceram, Bouru, and
a number of smaller islands. These
are the homes of the splendid Or-
nithopteras.

MONGOLIA. The north-western part
of the Chinese Empire ; west Tar-
tary ; its northern boundary is the
chain of the Altai Mountains, which
separates it from south Siberia ; east-
wardly it is bounded by Mantchoo-
ria, to its south are China and
Thibet.

MONTANA. Territory of the United
States of North America; it joins
British America on the north, Da-
kotah on the east, Wyoming on the
south, and Idaho on the west.

MOREA. Southern Greece.

MORETON BAY. On the eastern coast
of New South Wales, Australia.

MORMON LAND. Utah, the land of
the Salt Sea and Latter-Day Saints,
where polygamy is allowed by law,
and though it is one of the Territo-
ries of the United States of North
America, that great government has
been unable to enforce the federal
laws against a plurality of wives, for
when the. United States troops were
sent to enforce those laws, the army
of saints vanquished them yea,
hip and thigh and Uncle Samuel
could but weep in silence and let his
degenerate children in Utah go to
perdition the quickest way possible,
i. e., in the arms of as many wives
as they could feed or starve.

MORTY. The most northern of the
Moluccas or Spice Islands, it is sep-
arated from Gilola on the north-
east by Morty Straits.

MOULMEIN. A town near the mouth
of the river Martaban in eastern
Martaban, India.

MOZAMBIQUE. Territory on the south-

58

LIST OF LOCALITIES.

east coast of Africa ; between it and
the great island of Madagascar runs
the channel of Mozambique. It was j
in this Territory that the resplendent
Thdllnni ( 'rffsus was discovered.

MT. BUREIA. In Aruoorland.

MT. DIABLO. A mountain in Contra-
Costa County, west California, it is

/ f

here that the most beautiful of the
N. American Lycsenidse, Lyccena
Reyia, is taken.

MT. GOTHAED. One of the peaks of
the Swiss Alps, 9,975 feet high.

MT. TOM. One of the White Moun- |
tains of New Hampshire.

MT. WASHINGTON. The highest peak j
of the White Mountains of New
Hampshire, 6,226 feet in height.
On this mountain is found Chiono-
bas Semidea, Arctia Quenselu, An-
arta Cbrdigera, and other Arctic j
or Alpine species.

MUNDUS. The world.

MYSOL. One of the Moluccas or
Spice Islands ; it is south-east of
Gilola, east of Oby, north of Ceram,
and west of New Guinea.

MYSORE. A district in which is also
a town of same name, in south-west
Hindostan.

MYSORY. An island near the north-
west coast of New Guinea.

N. AM., ) North America, em-

N. AMER. /bracing British Columbia,
Alaska, United States and Mexico.

NANKIN. One of the principal cities
of China, is near the mouth of Yang- I
tse-Kiang River, in eastern China, j

NATAL. Port Natal, on the south-
east coast of Africa. Many beautiful
Saturnidae are found here, among ;
them Gynanissa Isis, Actias Mimo-
SCB, Anthercea Menippe, A. Arata,
Hyalophora Mythimnia, etc.

NAPA. A county in western Califor- 1
nia. One of the principal localities
for that most beautiful of all known
Coliades, C. Eurydice.

NAPO. A branch of the Amazon,
running through central Ecuador.

NAUTA. On the Amazon, near the
southern boundary of Ecuador.

NEBRASKA. One of the United
States; it lies south of Dakotah,
east of Colorado and Wyoming,
north of Kansas, and west of Iowa,
from which latter it is separated by
the Mississippi River.

NEELGHERRY, ^ Blue Hills, in

NEELGHERRIES, \ the southern part

NEILGHERRIES, [ of Mysore and ad-

NILGERRIE.S. J jaceut districts of
Hiudostan.

N'GAMi. See Lake N'Gami.

NEPAL, ) One of the north-eastern

NEPAUL. $ districts of Hindostan, bor-
dering on the north on the Hima-
layas.

NEVADA. One of the United States
of N. Am. ; it lies east of California,
south of Oregon, and west of Utah
and Arizona.

NEW BRITAIN. An island north-east
of New Guinea, separated from it
by Dampier's Straits.

NEW BRUNSWICK. A province of
British America, east of the State
of Maine.

NEW CALEDONIA. An island in
Australasia, east of Australia, south
of New Hebrides, and north-west
of New Zealand.

NEW ENGLAND, IThesixUni-

NEW ENGLAND STATES J ted States
east of New York ; they are Maine,
New Hampshire, Vermont, Massa-
chusetts, Connecticut and Rhode
Island.

NEWFOUNDLAND. A large island in
the Atlantic Ocean ; it is separated
from south Labrador by the Straits
of Belle Isle.

NEW FREIBURG. A settlement in
south-east Brazil. Eudcernonia Dcr-
eeto, of Maassen, one of the most
wonderful of known Heteroceres
(moths), was discovered here ; there
are so far but three species known
to this genus, viz. : E. Semiramis,
Cram., E. Derceto, Maassen, and E.
Jehovah, Strecker, distinguished by
the immense length of the tails of
the hind wings, which in
c? measure five inches.

LIST^OF LOCALITIES.

59

NEW GRANADA. See Columbia.

NEW GUINEA. One of the largest of
the Pacific islands ; is in Austral-
asia, north of Australia, from which
it is separated by Torres Straits ;
its inhabitants are oriental negroes ;
the flora and Lepidopterous fauna
are exceedingly rich.

NEW HAMPSHIRE. One of the New
England States ; it lays west of
Maine, east of Vermont, and north
of Massachusetts; in this state are
the White Mountains, having a cu-
rious Arctic and Alpine fauna.

NEW HEBRIDES. A group of islands
in Australasia ; they are north-east
of Australia, north of New Caledo-
nia, south-east of New Guinea, and
west of the Feejee Islands.

NEW HOLLAND. Australia.

NEW IRELAND. An island in Aus-
tralasia, north-east of New Guinea.

NEW JERSEY. Although not gener-
ally so considered by Americans,

j /

really is one of the United States of
N. Am. ; it lies south of New York,
east of Pennsylvania, and its eastern
shores are on the Atlantic Ocean.
In its swamps are good collecting
grounds tor the Lepidopterist.

NEW MEXICO. Territory of the
United States of N. Am., lying
north of Mexico, east of Arizona,
west of Texas, and south of Colo-
rado. It is the locality of the
splendid Papliio Pi/untnns and P.
Daunus, and other fine species.

NEW ORLEANS. The capital of the
State of Louisiana ; it is situated on
the left bank of the Mississippi,
about a hundred miles from the sea.

NEW SOUTH WALES. The eastern
district of Australia; it lies south
of North Australia, east of South
Australia, and north of Victoria.
Sydney, the capital of Australia, is
on its east coast.

NEW YORK. One of the United
States; it lies west of the New
England States, south of Canada,
and north of Pennsylvania; its
principal city of the same name

on its south-eastern point, is the
metropolis of eastern N. America.
NEW ZEALAND. A large island, or
rather two contiguous, large islands,
divided by Cooke's Straits ; the
northern part is called New Ulster,
and the southern New Minister ; it
lies south-east of Australia. One
of the principal articles of export is
the embalmed heads of the natives;
these are splendidly tattooed, and
when one chief overcame another
in war, the head of the vanquished
party was beautifully embalmed, but
the demand for the article amon^

~

civilized collectors became so large
that a domestic market was estab-
lished, by tattooing the faces of
slaves and subjects, then slaughter-
ing them and passing their heads off
on the unsuspicious customer as
those of genuine chiefs. This is, or
was, also where those missionaries,
who were emulous to obtain the
crown of martyrdom, went for that
delectable purpose, when the oblig-
ing natives speedily fulfilled their
pious wishes by butchering and
afterwards feasting on them.

NIAS. An island off the north-west
of Sumatra.

NICARAGUA. One of the states of Cen-
tral America ; it has Costa Rica on
its south, the Gulf of Mexico on its
east, Honduras on its north, and the
Pacific Ocean on its south-west.

NICOBAR, ^ Islands in the

NICOBAR ISLANDS, ^Indian Ocean,
! NIKOBAR ISLANDS, j north-west of
Sumatra, west of Malacca, and south
of Andaman Islands.

NIGER. One of the great rivers of
Africa; flows through the eastern
part of Upper Guinea, and thence
into Soudan.

NILE. A large river, rising in Cen-
tral Africa, where it has the name of
the White Nile, running northward,
through Nubia and Egypt, and emp-
tying into the Mediterranean Sea.

NlNG-Po. A city in the province of
Che-Kiaug, on east coast of China.

60

LIST OF LOCALITIES.

NIPHON. The largest of the islands OCHOTSK. Territory of eastern Si-
comprising the Japanese Empire. beria, bordering on the Ochotsk

Sea ; its principal

Jeduo, the capital of the empire, is
on the east coast of this island.
NORTH AUSTRALIA. The north-
eastern part ot Australia ; its north-
ern and eastern shores are on the
Pacific, on the west it is bounded
by West Australia, and on the south
Wales and South

settlement of

by New South
Australia.

NORTH CAROLINA. One of the south-
ern United States of N. Am. ; its
eastern shore is on the Atlantic
Ocean, on the north it is bounded by
Virginia, and its south by South
Carolina.

NORV., ~) The north-western
NORVEGIA, Vpart of Europe, border-
NORWAY. J ing on the Northern
Ocean.

NOVA HOLLANDLZE.

Australia.

NOVA SCOTIA. The most south-
eastern of the provinces of British

the same name is one of the great
fur-trade depots.

OCEANICA. The islands in the Pacific
Ocean, comprising Malaysia, Aus-
tralasia and Polynesia.

OESTERREICH. Austria.

America; it is a peninsula, con-
nected with the south-eastern part
of New Brunswick, and separated
from the south of it, and from the
State of Maine, by the Bay of Fundy.
NOVA ZEMBLA. A large island in

the Arctic Ocean, north of Russia.
NUBIA. A country in East Africa,
lying south of Egypt, north of
Abyssinia, east of the Libyan Des-
ert, and with its western shore on
the Red Sea.

NUKAHIVA. One of the Marquesas,
or Washington Isles.

OAXACA. One of the most southern
divisions of Mexico ; its south coasts
on the Pacific Ocean, to its east is
Tehuantepec, on the north Vera
Cruz, and on the west La Puebla.

OBI, } One of the Moluccas, or

OBY. J Spice Islands; it lies soutli of
Gilola, west of Mysol and New
Guinea, and north of Cerarn.

OBYDOS. A town on the upper
Amazons, north-west Brazil.

Oc., ~| Western ; to the

OCCIDENTAL!*, West; belonging to

OCCIDENTAL. J the west.

OHIO. One of the United States of
N. Am. ; it lies south of Lake Erie
and Michigan, west of Pennsylva-
nia, east of Indiana, and north of
Kentucky and Virginia.

OKKAK. A station on the north-east
coast of Labrador.

OKHOTSK. See Ochotsk.

OLD CALABAR. A settlement, east of
New Calabar, in eastern part of
Upper Guinea, West Africa.
j ONTARIO. Sec Lake Ontario.
New Holland, j OR., ^ East ; eastern ; per-

ORIENTALIS, > tain ing to the east ; as,

ORIENTAL. J Europe or., eastern
Europe.

ORB.,
ORBIS

The world.

ORKGON. One of the most western of
the United States of N. America;
the Pacific washes its western shore,
on its north is Washington Terri-
tory, to its east is Idaho, and on its
south California and Nevada.

ORINOCO. A large river, running
through Venezuela from east to
west.

ORIZABA, | A mountain peak on

ORIZAVA. j the western border of
Vera Cruz, Mexico; it is 17,370
feet high.

OST, Get: East.

OSTLICH, Ger. Eastern.

OTAHEITE. The largest of the Society
Islands.

OTTOMAN EMPIRE. The Turkish
Empire European and Asiatic-
Turkey, and the Baschalic of Egypt.

OUDE. A district in northern Hin-
dostan ; it lies south of Nepaul and
east of Delhi.

OVALAU. One of the Fiji Islands.

OWEN'S LAKE. In Inyo County,
southern California.

LIST OF LOCALITIES.

61

OWHYHEE. One of the Sandwich
Islands. See Hawaii.

PALEMBANG. A settlement in the
southern part of Sumatra.

PA. Pennsylvania.

PACHACAMAC. A small town not far
from Lima, Peru. It was the scene
of some of the depredations of Pi-
zarro ; in the time of the conquest it j
was the site of a great temple to the
god Pachacamae, part of the ruins
of which still remain.

PAGOSA. A village and springs in S.
W. Colorado.

PALAMOW. A district in the Presi-
dency of Bengal, Hindostan. .

PALEXQUE. A village in Chiopas,
near which are the wondrous ruins
of ancient palaces, idols, etc., which,
be it spoken to the shame of the
United States, are, along with those
of Copan, allowed to decay in the
wilderness whilst a little energy,
and a trifle of the money annually
scandalously squandered by Gov-
ernment, would transmit them to a
place of safety in some public insti-
tution.

PACIFIC COAST. West coast of N.
America.

PACIFIC SLOPE. That part of the
United States west of the Rocky
Mountains.

PALAWAN. An island in Malaysia,
north-east of Borneo and south-west
of Mindora and Luzon.

PALESTINE. The Holy Land ; in
the south-western part of Asiatic
Turkey.

PANAMA. The narrow tract of coun-
try which connects North and South
America.

PAPUA. See New Guinea.

PARA. A district in the north of
Brazil ; a city near the mouth of
the Para River, in northern Brazil.
This region is enormously rich in
Lepidoptera and other orders of
insects.

PAKAGUAY. One of the States of
S. America ; it is south of Bolivia,
and north-east of Buenos Avres.

PARANA. A district in the south of
Brazil ; its eastern boundary is the
Atlantic.

PATAGONIA. The southernmost part
of S. America.

PEBAS. A town on the Amazon, in
the south-east of Ecuador.

PEKIN. The capital city of the Chi-
nese Empire, is in the north-east of
China proper, near the Great Wall.

PELEW ISLANDS. A group of small
islands in Polynesia, northward of

it

New Guinea, and eastward of the
Philippines.

PENANG. See Pulo Penang.
PENNA., \ One of the Uni-

PENNSYLVANIA. j ted States of N.
Am. ; it is south of New York, west
of New Jersey, north of Maryland,
and east of Ohio.

PERNAMBUCA. One of the north-
eastern provinces of Brazil ; its
principal city of same name is of
considerable commercial importance.
PERS., ) Lies east of Asiatic Tur-
PERSIA. j key, north of the Persian
Gulf which separates it from Ara-
bia west of Afghanistan and Be-
loochistau, and south of Georgia
and Turan, or Turkistan.
PERU. One of the western of the South
American States, bordering on the
Pacific; it lies south of Ecuador,
and west of Brazil and Bolivia.
PHIL., 'i One of the prin-

PHILA., Vcipal cities of the

PHILADELPHIA. J United States of
N. America ; situated on the Dela-
ware River, in the south-eastern
part of Pennsylvania. It is here
that the PHIL A. ACADEMY OF
NATURAL SCIENCES, and the AM-
ERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
are located, and have built and
sustained themselves, amidst all
sorts of difficulties, entirely by the
means and exertions of their mem-
bers ; for to look for aid to the
United States Government, in any-
thing that is great or good, would
be as fruitless as to look to the
Government of Dahomey.

62

LIST OF LOCALITIES.

PHILIPPINES, \ A group of

PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, j large islands
in Malaysia, lying north-east of
Borneo, and eastward of Farther
India ; the largest of them are Lu-
zon, Mindanao, Mindora and Samar.

PIEDMONT. In the north-western
part of Italy, separated from Swit-
zerland on the north by the Pennine
Alps.

PIKE'S PEAK. One of the highest of
the Rocky Mts. in Colorado, and
about 11,500 feet high.

PILATKA. A small town in Putnam
County, Florida.

POLAND. Once independent, now a
part of the Russian Empire, is in the
western part of Russia, adjoining
Prussia.

POL., \ Polar; pertaining to the

POLARIS, j Arctic regions.

POLAR-LAND. See Arctic regions.

POLYNESIA. That portion of Oceanica
east of Malaysia and Australasia,
contains Navigator's Is., Friendly
Is., Marquesas Is., Sandwich Is.,
Ladrone Is., etc., etc., etc.

POMERANIA. A northern Province
of Prussia.

PONDICHERRY. A French Settlement
in Coromandel, Hindostan.

PONT., ) North-east Asia Minor,

PONTUS. J Amasia and Tokat,

POONAH. District in the Presidency
of Bombay, India.

PORT DENNISON. In eastern Aus-
tralia ; the locality of Ornithoptera
var. Cassandra.

PORT NATAL, See Natal.

PORTO Rico. The fourth in size of
the West Indian Islands ; it is di-
rectly east of Hayti, or St. Domingo.

POSEN. One of the eastern provinces
of Prussia, formerly a part of Po-
land.

Po YANG. A great lake in Kiangse,
China.

PREUSSEN. Prussia.

PRINCE OF WALES' ISLAND. See
Pulo Penang.

PULO PENANG. Or Prince of Wales'
Island ; an island near the west ;

coast of Malaya, in the Straits of
Malacca, between Malaya and Su-
matra.

PYRENEES. Chain of mountains be-
tween south France and north Spain.

QUITO. The capital city of Ecuador,
is in the western part of that state,
on the side of the volcano Pichincha,
9,500 feet above the sea.

QUEENSLAND. A district of Australia.

RADACK ISLANDS. In Mulgrave's
Archipelago, north-east from New
Guinea.

RAJAHMUNDRY. A town near the
mouth of the Godavery River, east
coast of Hindostan.

REG. ARCT., ) The Arctic

REGLONES ARCTICS, j regions; north
of the Arctic Circle.

REG. IND., \ Hindostan and

REGIO INDICO. / Farther India.

REPULSE BAY. A small bay on the
Arctic Circle, below Melville Penin-
sula, in British America.

RHODE ISLAND. The smallest of the
United States of N. Am. ; it lies
east of Connecticut and south of
Massachusetts.

RHODES. An island near the west
coast of Asiatic Turkey.

RIESEN GEBIRGE. A range of hills
in eastern Saxony, and between
Saxony and Silesia.

Rio. River.

Rio JANIERO. The capital of Brazil,
situated on a fine harbor on the
south-east coast.

Rro NAPO. A branch of the Amazon,
in central Ecuador.

Rio NEGRO. The north-western pro-
vince of Brazil ; its principal river
of the same name is a branch of
the Amazon.

ROCKY MOUNTAINS. The great chain
of mountains running from north to
south through the whole western
part of North America.

RODRIGUEZ. A small island east of
Mauritius.

ROHOL. One of the Philippines,
north of Mindanao.

LIST OF LOCALITIES.

Ross., ~|

ROSSIA, V Russia.

RUSSLAND, Get: )

RUPERT'S HOUSE. A fort, formerly

on the south-east shore of Hudson's

Bay.
RUPERT'S LAND. The territory in

i/

British America, to the south and
south-east of Hudson's Bay.

SAGHALIEN. A long, narrow island,
east of Mantchooria and separated
from it by the Gulf of Tartary.

SAHARA. The immense desert occu-
pying the great part of northern
Africa.

SALT LAKE CITY. The capital of
Utah, on the River Jordan, near
Great Salt Lake.

SAMAR. One of the Philippine
Islands.

SALWATTY. An island to the extreme
west of New Guinea, from which it
is separated by a narrow strait.

SAMARCAND. On the Kohuk River,
in Bokhara, southern Turkistan ;
was one of the most noted cities of
Asia.

SAMBEANG. A settlement near the
western coast of Borneo.

SAMOA. One of the Shifter Islands,
north-east of the Friendly and Fiji
Islands.

SANDAL- WOOD ISLAM >. An island
of Malaysia, south of Flores, south-
east of Java and Sumbawa, and
west of Timor.

SAN DIEGO. The southernmost county
of California. One of the localities
of Lyccena Regia and Anthooharis
Cooperi. Its principal town bear-
ing the same name is on San Diego
Bay, on the west coast.

SANDWICH ISLANDS. A group of
islands in the north-east of Poly-
nesia ; they comprise Oahu, the
residence of their king, Hawaii and
some smaller ones.

SAN, }

SANCTA, V Saint.

SANTA. J

SAN FRANCISCO. The capital of Cali-
fornia and the metropolis of the

western United States of N. Am., is
situated on a neck of land on the
west coast.

SAN SALVADOR. A state of Central
America, east of Guatemala, south
of Honduras, and with its south
bordering on the Pacific Ocean.
Bahia, a city of Brazil, is also some-
times called San Salvador.

SANTA LUCIA. One of the Lesser
Antilles, directly south of the Island
of Martinique.

SANTA MARTA. One of the northern
provinces of Columbia. The town
of Santa Marta is at the mouth of
the Magdalena River.

SANTAREM. A town on the Amazon,
in Para District, northern Brazil.

SARAWAK. North-western coast of
Borneo. One of the localities of the
splendid Ornithoptera Bronl;iaua.

SARDINIA. The kingdom of Sardinia
the north-western part of Italy.
Also a large island in the Mediter-
ranean, south of Corsica and north-
west of Sicily.

SAREPTA. The south-east deserts of
Russia.

SAX.. I A kingdom of Germany,

SAX< >NIA, V south of Prussia nnd north-

SAXONY. j west of Austria.

SCANDINAVIA. Sweden and Norway.

SCHLARAFFEN-LAND. Utopia, Fools'

Paradise.

SCHWEITZ. Switzerland.
SCOTIA. Scotland.
SENEGAL, ^ The most western
SENEGAMBIA. /part of Africa, south

of Great Desert and west of Soudan.

SEPT., IN > th

SEPTENTRIONALIS. j

SERPA. A town on the Guadiana

River, in southern Portugal. Also

a town on the Upper Amazon,

northern Brazil.

SEYCHELLES, \ A cluster of

SEYCHELLE ISLANDS, j small islands

in the Indian Ocean, east of Zan-

guebar, Africa, and north-east of

Madagascar.
SHANGHAI. A city in the Kiang-Soo

District, on the east coast of China.

64

LIST OF LOCALITIES.

SHERBOROUGH ISLAND. Near the
coast of Sierra Leone, west Africa.

SIAM. A kingdom of Farther India,
bordering on the south on the Gulf
of Siain, on its east is Cochin China,
and to its north is Laos.

SIAO. A small island, north of the
north-east point of Celebes.

SIBERIA. The Russian possessions in
Asia, comprising all that part north
of the Chinese Empire and Turkis-
tan, and east of Russia proper.

SICILIA, ) A large island, south-

SlCILY. /west of Italy, from which
it is separated by the Straits of
Messina.

SIERRAS. Mountains.

SIERRA LEONE. A small district on
the west coast of Africa, south of.
Senegambia and north of Liberia.

SIERRA NEVADA. The snowy moun-
tains of California, running north
and south along the west coast.

SIKIM. A small province in north-
east of Hindostan, between Bhotan
and Nepaul.

SILESIA. The south-eastern province
of Prussia, adjacent to Poland.

SIMAO. A small island in Malaysia,
directly west of the island of Timor.

SIMLA. An English sanitory station
on the lower Himulayahs.

SINAI. A mountain in Arabia Petnea,
north-west Arabia; its height is
7,500 feet,

SINGAPORE. A town and island di-
rectly south of Malaya.

SMYRNA. The chief emporium of the
Levant is a citv on the west coast
of Asiatic Turkey.

SOCIETY ISLANDS. A group of islands
in Polynesia ; they are east of the
Friendly Islands, south-east of the
Navigator's, and south-west from
the Marquesas.

SOLOR. Island in Malaysia, adjacent
to Timor.

SONGARIA. Territory south and
south-west of the Altai Mountains.

SONORA. One of the north-western
states of Mexico ; its west is on the
Gulf of California.

SOOLOO ISLANDS. Three islands
Talyabo, Mangola and Bessy be-
tween Celebes and Moluccas, north-
west of Bouro.

SOUTH CAPE. The southernmost
point of Van Dieman's Land.

SOUTH CAROLINA. One of the United
States of N. Am. ; its east is on the
Atlantic Ocean, its north on North
Carolina, and its south-west on
Georgia.

SPICE ISLANDS. See Moluccas.

SPAIN. The south-western peninsula
of Europe.

STADT (German). A city.

ST. DOMINGO. See Haiti.

ST. PAULO. A town on the Amazon,
in the north-west of Solimoes dis-
trict, west Brazil. Also a town on
Joannes Island at the mouth of Para
River, on northern coast of Brazil.

SUD (German) South.

SUECIA. Sweden.

STJMBAWA. Island in Malaysia, lies
between Lombok and Flores, and
south-west from Celebes.

SUMATRA. An immense island, south
of Malaya, west of Borneo and
north-west of Java.

SURINAM. Dutch Guiana; its north
is on the Atlantic; it is separated
from British Guiana, on the west,
by the River Corentyn, and on the
east, from Cayenne, by the Maroni
River. A country with a most
marvelous Lepidopterous fauna.

SWAN RIVER. On the coast of south-
western Australia.

SWITZERLAND. A mountainous coun-
try north of Italy, east of France
and south and west of Germany.

Swiss ALPS. The mountains of
Switzerland.

SYDNEY. On the south-east coast-
is the capital of Australia.

SYRIA. South-western Asiatic Turkey.

TABATINGA, OR JABATINGA. A town
on the Amazon, in the extreme
south-west of Rio Negro district,
north-west Brazil.

TAITI, OR OTAHEITE. The largest of
the Society Isles.

LIST OF LOCALITIES.

65

TAI-WAN. See Formosa.

TAPA.IOS. One of the great arms of the
Amazon, in Para, northern Brazil.

TARTARIA CHIENSIS. Chinese Tar-
tary includes Mantchooria, Mon-
golia, etc.

TASMANIA, OR VAN DIEMAN'S LAND.
A large island, south of New South
Wales, Australia.

TENASSERIM. A district on the west
coast of Farther India, above Ma-
laya.

TENERIFFE. The largest of the Ca-
nary Islands ; its peak is over
12,000 feet high.

TENNESSEE. One of the United
States of N. Am. ; it lies south of
Kentucky and north of Mississippi,
Alabama and Georgia.

TERIOLIS. Tyrol.

TERNATE. One of the Moluccas-
west of Gilola.

TERRA DEL FUEGO. Land of Fire ;
south of Patagonia, from which it is
separated by Magellan's Strait.

TEXAS. The largest of the United
States of N. Am. ; it joins Mexico
on the south-west, Indian Territory
on the north, Louisiana on the east,
and its south-east borders on the
Gulf of Mexico.

THIBET. Part of the Chinese Empire ;
lies north of eastern Hiudostan, west
of China proper and south of Mon-
golia.

TIMOR. An island in Malaysia, south-
west of New Guinea, south of
Moluccas and south-east of Celebes.

TOCANTIUS. A large river in north-
western Brazil.

TONDANO. An island near Celebes.

TRANSCAUCASIA. The country lying
between the Caspian and Black
Seas, south of the Caucasian Moun- ;
tains and north of Asiatic Turkey
and Persia.

TRINIDAD. An island naar the north-
east of Venezuela.

TULBAGH. A town in Worcester,
Cape Colony, southernmost part of
Africa ; named after the old colonial
governor, Ryk Van Tulbagh, who

was much devoted to Natural His-
tory.

TURCIA. Turkey ; the Turkish Em-
pire.

TURAN, ^| Independent Tar-

TURCOMANIA, > tary ; lies south-west

TURKISTAN. J of Siberia, west of
Chinese Tartary, east of the Caspian
Sea and north of Persia and Afghan-
istan ; its northern part is occupied
by the Khirguis and its southern by
the petty kingdoms of Bokhara,
Khokan and Khiva, each ruled by
a Tartar chief or king. It is here
that the rare and gloomy-looking
Axiopena Maura, one of the largest
of the Arctiidse, is found.

TY. Territory.

TYROL. The most western province
of Austria, bordering on north-east
Italy.

UCAYALI. A district in the north-
east of Peru ; it is watered by a
branch of the Amazon, of the same
name.

UKRAINE. Regions on the River
Dnieper, Little Russia.

UNIO AMER. United States of North
America.

URAL MOUNTAINS. Great range of
mountains in east Russia, and be-
tween Russia and Siberia.

URUGUAY. A state of S. America,
south of Brazil and east of Buenos
Ayres.

U. S. Abbreviation of United States
of N. America ; also of Uncle Sam,
the familiar name by which the
people of the United States designate
their government.

UTAH. See Mormon Land.

VALAIS, [ One of the southern

VALESIA. j Cantons of Switzerland.

VALPARAISO. The most noted port
of Chili, on the west coast of South
America.

VANCOUVER'S ISLAND. A large island
south-west of British America and
north-west of Washington Territory.

VAN DIEMAN'S LAND. See Tasmania.

VANNA VALAVA. One of the Fiji
Islands.

66

LIST OF LOCALITIES.

VARINAS. A town in north-western
Venezuela.

VENEZUELA. One of the northern
states of S. America ; it lies on the
north on the Caribbean Sea, to its
west is New Granada and to its east
British Guiana.

VERA PA/. One of the Central
American States ; it is north of
Guatemala and west of Balize.

VERMONT. One of the New England
or Eastern United States ; it is east
of New York, west of New Hamp-
shire, south of Canada and north of
Massachusetts.

VILLA NOVA. A town near the
mouth of Amazon, in Para district,
northern Brazil.

VIRGINIA. One of the Southern
United States of N. Am., is south
of Maryland and north of North
Carolina.

VIRGINIA CITY. A city in extreme
western part of Nevada.

WAIGIOT. An island near the north-
west point of New Guinea.

WALES. Part of the British Kingdom.

WALLACHIA. A district in the north-
east of European Turkey, south of
Moldavia and north of Bulgaria.

WALLIS (German). Valais, Valesia

WASHINGTON CITY. The capital of
the United States of N. America-
is on the Potomac River, in the
District of Columbia.

WASHINGTON. Territory of the United
States of N. Am., on the Pacific
coast ; it lies north of Oregon, south
of British America and west of
Idaho.

WEST INDIES. Great and Lesser
Antilles; a great number of large
and small islands south and south-
east of the United States, and north
and north-east of S. America. The
four principal ones are Cuba, Ja-
maica, Haiti and Porto Rico, but
there are as many smaller ones as
there were saints in the calendar to
name them after.

WEST VIRGINIA. The western part
of the old State of Virginia, which

was separated from the latter during
the late war ; it lies east of Ohio
and Kentucky, south of Pennsylva-
nia and north-west of what is left
of the old Virginia.

WHITE MOUNTAINS. In the State of
.New Hampshire ; the principal ones
are Mt. Madison, 5,420 feet high,
Mt. Jefferson, 5,660 feet high, Mt.
Adams, 5,760 feet high, and Mt.
Washington, 6,226 feet high.

WHITE NILE. The lower Nile.

WINNEPEG LAKE. A lake in British
America, north-west of Lake Supe-
rior.

WISCONSIN. One of the United States
of N. Am. ; it is north of Illinois,
west of Michigan, east of Minnesota.

WOODLARK ISLAND. One of the
Louisades.

WYOMING. Territory of the United
States of N. Am. ; south of Mon-
tana, east of Idaho, west of Dakota
and Nebraskaand north of Colorado.

YAKOUTSK. A great tract of east
Siberia ; its chief town is of the same
name, and is a great fur depot on
the Lena River.

YEDDO, OR JEDDO. The capital of
Japan.

YELLOWSTONE. A branch of the
Missouri River, running through
the eastern half of Montana.

YLOE. One of the Philippine islands,
west of Mindora.

YOSEMITE. Mountains and Valley
in Mariposa County, California ; in
the high mountains of this range
are found the dark-green Coddx,
Behrii, and the rare Argynnis Leto.

YUCATAN. A peninsula of Central
America.

ZAMBESI. A river in eastern Africa,
between Mozambique and Sofala.

ZAMBOANGO. A town on the west
point of Mindanoa.

ZANTE. One of the Ionian Isles.

ZANZIBAR. An island off the coast of
Zanguebar, east Africa.

ZWELLENDAM. The southernmost
part of Cape Colony contains a
town of the same name.

CATALOGUE

OF THK

AMERICAN MACROLEP1DOPTERA

OIF-

Those species of which I possess the author's original types are prefixed
witli a |.

Those that are unknown (<> me in nature are denoted by a, f.
Such as are wanting to mv collection are designated by a *.

RHOPALOCERA.

FAMILY I. PAPILIONID^.
GENUS I. PAPILIO L.

PHILKXOR, LINK., Mant., p. 535, (1771); Abb.-Smith, Ins.

Ga., I, t. 3, (1797) ; Godt., Enc. Meth., IX, p. 40,

(1819); Say, Am. Ent., t. I, (1824); Bdl.-Lec.,

Lep. Am. Sept., p. 29, t. 11, (1833); Bdl., Sp.

Gen. I, p. 324, (1831!); Lucas, Lep. Exi>t., p. 15, t.

8, (1835); Morris, Syn., p. (i, (1862); Kirby, ('at.,

p. 521, (1871).
Astinous, Drun/, 111. Ex. Ent., I, t. 11, (1773);

Cram., Pap. Ex., Ill, t. 208, A, B, (1782).
Princeps dominant* Philenor, Hiib., Exot. Sch met t., I.,

(1806-1824).

Larva on Arisfolochice.
DKYILLIKRSII, GODART, Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris, II, t. I,

(1X22) ; Enc. Meth., IX, Sup. p. 810, (1X23); Kirby,

('at. ]>. 520, (1X71).
Villiersii, J3d/.Lcc., Lep. Am. Sept., p. 3(>, t. I 1,

(1833); Bdl., Sp. (Jen. I, p. 325, (183H); Morris,

Syn., p. 12, (18H2).

If found at all in the I. S., confined to the lower part of Florida.

POLVDAMAS, LINN., Mus. Lud. Ulr., p. 1!2, (1 7(i4) ; Syst.
Nat. I, 2, p. 747, (17U7); Dm., 111. Ex. Ent., I, t.
17, (1773); Fab., Syst. Ent., p. 447, ( 1 775) ; Sp.
Ins., II, p. 8, (1781)'; Mant. Ins., II, p. 4, (17X7);
Kut. Syst., V, p. 14, (179:5); Cram., Pap. Ex., Ill,
p. 33, t. 221, (1782) ; Godt., Enc. Meth., IX, p. 39,
(1819); Bdl.-Lec., Lep. Am. Sept., p. 37, t, 15,
(1833); Bdl., Sj>. (ien., I, p. 321, (1836); Lucas,
Lep. Exot., p. 33, t. 17, (1835); Morris, Syn.,

United
States and
Territories
from .Atlan-
tic to Pacific.
Mexico.

? Florida.
Cuba.

? Florida

West Indies,

Mexico,
( 'cut. Am.

f

68 CATALOGUE OF THE

|. I 3, ( 1 862) ; Kirby, Cat., p. 521 , (1 871) ; Merian,
Ins. Stir., t. 81, (1705); Seba, Thes., IV, t. 39,
(1765).

Princeps dominant P., Hub., Ex. Schmett. ,( 1 80H 1 824).
Larva found on various plants of the genus
Aristolocliia.

4. MYLOTES, BATES, Trans. Ent. Sue., Ser. Ill, Vol. V, p. S. California

346, (1861); Kirhy, Cat., p. 530, (1871). Mexico,

Two (5\ formerly in coIl.Tryon Reakirt, were taken in S. Cali- Panama,
fornia, and received from Dr. Heerman in 18fi2. Nicaragua.

5. AJAX, Lixx., Syst, Nat., I, 2, p. 750, (1867); Fab., Syst. United

Ent., p.' 455, (1775) ; Abb.-Smith, Ins. Ga., I, t. 4, States east o
(I 797) ; Godt., Enc. Meth., IX, p. 53, (1819) ; Bdl.- Texas, ex-
Lee., Lep. Am. Sept., p. 4, t.'l, (1833); Bdl., Sp. (opting the
(Ion., I, p. 258, (1836); Morris, Syn., p. 8, (1862); New En-
Kirby, Cat,, p. 558, (1871). gland States.

Marcettus, Cram., Pap. Ex., II, t. 98, F. G., (1779).

Ajax var. Walshii, W. H. Edwds., Butt. X. Am., I,

' t. I, Pap., (1871).

var. a. TELAMONIDES, FEEDER, Reise Nov. Lep., I, p.
60, (1865); W. H. Edwds., Butt. N. Am., I, t. II,
Pap., (1871); Kirby, Cat., p. 558, (1871).

A form of gen. I intermediate between Ajax (gen. I) and Mnr-
cellus (gen. II).

var. b. ABBOTJI, W. H. EDAVDS., Butt. N. Am., I, p. 2,
t. II, Pap., (1871).

Like Ajax, but with the lower half of mesial bar strongly suf-
fused with crimson on upper surface of secondaries.

var. e. MARCELLUS, BDL.-LEC., Lep. Am. Sept., p. 8,
t. 2, (1833)"; Bdl., Sp. Gen., I, p. 237, (1836);
Morris, Syn., p. 9, (1862); W. H. Edwds., Butt,
N. Am., I', t, III, Pap., (1871) ; Kirby, Cat,, p. 558,
(1871).

I*. Ajax, Esper, Sehmett, I, t, 51, (1780).

Princeps heroicus Ajax, Hi'ib., Sam. Ex. Schmett.,
(1806-1824).

Iphictides Ajax, Hi'ib., Verx. Bek. Schmett., p. 82,
(1816).

The second brood ; larger; tails much longer, and heavily edged
with white nearly their whole length ; at anal angle of inte-
riors a crimson spot, sometimes two, instead of the bar of
gen. I.

Larva feeds on pawpaw (Asimina trihba, Gray}.

6. Sixox, FABK., Syst, Ent., p. 452, (1775); Sp. Ins., II, p. ? Florida

15, n. 59, (1781); Mant., Ins., II, p. 8, n. 67, Antilles
(1787) ; Ent. Syst,, III, p. 26, n. 75, (1793); Cram.,
Pap. Ex., IV, t. 317, C, D, (1782) ; Godt.,
Enc. Meth., IX, p. 53, (1819); Bdl.-Lec., Lep.
Am. Sept., p. 11, t, 3, (1833); Bdl., Sp. Gen., I, p.
260, (1836); Morris, Syn., p. 9, (1862); Kirby,
Cat,, p. 557, n. 269, (1871).

P. Protesilam, Dru., 111. Ex. Ent., I, p. 57, t, 22, f.
3, 4, (1773).

AMERICAN MACROLEPIDOPTERA NORTH OF MEXICO.

P. Zonaria, Butler, Ent, Mo. Mag., V, p. 271 (1869) ;
Kirby, Cat, p. 557, n. 267, (1871).

This species has been from time almost immemorial confounded
with its ally (or perhaps var.) Celadon, Lucas. Cramer fig-
ured on t. 317, (Vol. IV), four figures, 0, D, E, F, which pur-
ported to show both surfaces of the two sexes of Sinon, but E,
F, which he represents as the 9 * s Celadon. Drury's name,
Protrsilaus, would have held for this species (Sinon) had it not
been given previously by Lin. to another insect. Fabricius
in Syst. Ent., (1775), first designated Drury's "P. Protesilaius,
Dru., I, t. 22, 3, 4," as Sinon. Later, in his Sp. Ins., (1781),
he mixed up with it and quoted P. Policene*, Cram., (I. t. 37,
A, B,) a W. Afr. Sp., as a synonym of Sinon, ( Protesilaus,
Dru. nee. Lin.} In his Mantissa, (1787), he confounds Sinon
and Celadon as Cramer had done, " Papilo Sinon, Cram., Ins.,
27, tab. 317, fig. C, I), E, F." In the Ent. Syst,, (1793), he
repeats the error, " Cram., Ins., 27, tab. 317, fig. C, D, E,
F, P. Protesilam. Dru., I, tab. 22, fig. 3, 4." Celadon is more
frequently represented in N. Am. collection as Sinon than
is the true Sinon itself, in fact the latter is very rare and the
few examples 1 have seen in cabinets have no certain local-
ities cited. Boisduval, in the Sp. Gen., gives Jamaica, Flor-
ida and Cuba, as its habitat, and I have little doubt but that
it really does occur in the southernmost part of peninsular
Florida, the Lep. Fauna of which is decidedly W. Indian.

7. CKESPHONTKS, CHAM., L'ap. Ex., II., t. 165, 166, (1779);

Men., Cat. Mus. Petr. Lep., II, p. Ml, (1857);

Felcl. Verb. Zool. But. Ges., XIV, p. 310, n. 294,

p. 357, n. 168, (1864).
Heraclides Oxilns, Hub., Ver/. Bek. Schinet,, p. 83,

(1816).
Papilio Thoas, var., Bdl.Lec., Lep. Am. Sept. p. 31,

t. 12, 13, (1833); Morris, Syn., p. 7, (1862).
P. Thoas, var. b, Crfsphontes, Kirby, Cat. p. 541,

(1871).

Larva on orange in Florida, on ash in the more nor-
thern states.

Rare in the north ; common south of Virginia.

X. PiiA'.MM-s, Bm,., Sp. Gen., I, p. 340, (1836); Men., Cat.
Mus. Petr. Lep., II, p. 1 10, t, 7, (1857) ; Kirby,
Cat., p. 564, (1871); Streek, Lep., Rhop., Het., p.
13, t. 11,3,4, c?, (1873).

9. DAUNTS, BDL., Sp. Gen., I, p. 342, (1836); Ridings, Proc.

Ent. Soc., Phil., I, p. 278, f. 2, (1862); Kirby,
Cat,, p. 564, (1871); Streek., Lep., Rhop., Het., p.
45, t, VI, f. 1, 1, c? 2, 2, ?, (1873) ; W. H. Edwds.,
Butt, N. Am., II, t. II, Pap., (1874).
Larva on a species of wild cherry.

10. TruNUs, LINN., Mant., p. 536, (1771);' Fabr., Syst. Knt.,

p. 452, (1775); Sp. Ins., II, p. 16, (1781); Esp.,
Aus. Srhmett., t. 48, f. 1, (1785-1798); Godt,, Enc.
Meth., IX, p. 55, (1819); Say, Am. Ent,, III, t,
40, (1828); Bdl.-Lec., Lep. Am. Sept., p. 19, t. 6,
7, (1833); Bell., Sp. (Jen., I, p. 338, (18.36); Lucas,
Lep. Exot., p. 35, t. 18, (1835); Harris, Ins.,
Flint's Ed., p. 268, f. 97, (1862); Morris, Syn.,
p. 2, (1862).

\V. Canada.
U. S. east of
the Rooky
Mountains,
except the
Ne\v Eng-
land States.
Texas.
Mexico.
Central
America.
\V. Indies.

NewMexico.
Mexico.
Central
America.

Colorado.

NewMexico.

Mexico.

Central

America.

British Co-
lumbia, Can-
ada, United
States from
the Atlantic
to the Rocky
Mountains.
Guanaxuata,
Mexico.

70 CATALOGUE OF THE

Jasoniades Turnm, Hub., Verz. Bek. Schmett., p. 83,

(1816).

Pap. A/ciclamus, Cram., Pap. Ex., I, t, 38, A, B,(1776).
Pap. Antilochus, Linn., Mus. Lud. Ulr., p. 207,

(1784); Syst. Xat., I, 2, p. 751, (1767); Catesby,

Nat. Hist Carolina, II, t, 83, (1771); Bell., Sp.

(Jen., I, p. 340, (1836).

Catesby's figure represents either a monstrosity or is a palpable
exaggeration ; the primaries are acutely falcate and many
other points show the most liberal exercise of artistic license.

n!>. 9 GLAFCUS, LINN., Mus. Lud.Ulr., p. 190, (1764) ;
Syst, Nat. I, 2, p. 746, (1767); C'lerck, Icones, t, .
24, (1 764) ; Fabr., Syst. Ent., p. 445, (1775) ; Cram.,
Pap. Ex., II, t, 139, (1779) ; Godt., Enc. Meth., IX,
p. 60, (1819); Bdl.-Lec,, Lep. Am. Sept., p. 22, t,
8, 9, (1833); Bdl., Sp. Gen., I, p. 335, (1836);
Morris, Syn., p. 2, (1862); Kirby, Cat. p. 565, |
(1871).

Euphoeades Glaucus, Huh., Verz. Bek. Schmett. p. 83, ]
(1816).

This common species is polymorphic, having a yellow 9,
the rf, and another (ah. Glaucus) entirely black and between
these every intermediate grade ; some are black above and
vellow beneath ; others have the wings of one side yellow 9
and those of the other black 9 , an( l tne body also half yellow
and half black.

Larva on plum, apple, cherry, wild cherry, tulip tree.

11. RUTULUS, BDL., Ann. Soc. Ent,, Fr., p. 279, (1852) ; Luc., California,

Rev. Zool., p. 138, (1852); Morris, Syn., p. 3, Oregon and
(1862); Kirby, Cat,,- p. 565, (1871); Hy. Edwds. J adjacent t-r-
Proc. Cal. Ac'ad. Sc., (1873). ritory.

12. EUKYMEDON, BDL., Ann. Soc. Ent., Fr., p. 280, (1852) ; (< a ]{f ()ni j., (

Luc., Rev. /ool., ]>. 140, (1852) ; Morris, Syn., p. 4, (), vi r, mi
(1862); Kirby, Cat,, p. 565, (1871) ; Streck., Lep., Vancouver'-
Hhop., Het., p. 25, t. IA T , (1873); Hy. Edwds., L s ] ail( l.
Proc. ( 1 al. Acad. Sc., (1873); W. H. Edwds., Butt.
N. Am., II, t, I, Pap., (1874).
Larva on Frangnla Californica.

var. a. ALBANIA, FELDER, Reise, Nov. Lep., I, p. 93,
n. 71, (1865).

13. MACHAOX, LINX., Syst. Xat., X, p. 462, (1758); Faun. British

Suec., p. 267, (1761); Syst, Nat., I, 2, p. 750, (1767); Columbia,
Seba, Thes., IV, p. 90, t. XXXII, (1765) ; Esp., Alaska,
Schmett., I, 1, t. l,(1777j; Hiih., Eur. Schmett., Oregon.
I f. 390, 391, (1798-1803); Wilhelm, Tut. Xat., Europe,Asia
II, p. 21, t. Ill, (1797); Godt., Enc. Meth., IX.
p. 57, (1819); Duncan, Xat. Lib., Ent., Ill, p. 94,
t. 4, (1835); Bdl., Sp. Gen., I, p. 328, (1836);
Morris, Syn., p. 12, (1862); Standing'!-, Cat., p. 1,
n. 3, (1871); Kirby, Cat., p. 5(55, (1871 ).
(1816).

Jasoniades Machaon, Hub., Yerx. Bek. Schmett., p. 83,
Pap. Regime, JRetzius, Gen. et. S}>. Ins., p. 30, (17S3).

AMERICAN MACROLEPIDOPTERA NORTH OF MEXICO.

71

P. Aliaska, Soudder, Ent. Notes, II, Proc. Bost, Soe.
Nat. Hist., (1869); Kirby, Cat,, p. 566, (1871).

The N. Am. examples are a little darker in the yellow of
ground colour, resembling in this the form occurring in
Sicily, Turkey, etc.* Its larva has not yet been found in
this country, but of course it feeds on the Umbelliferce.

14. ZOLICAON, BDI,., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., p. 281, (1852);
Morris, Syii., p. 4, (1862); Kirby, Cat., p. 566,
(1871); Streck., Lep., Rhop., Hot, p. 46, t. VI, f. 3,
3, (1873) ; Hy. Edwds., Proc. Ciil. Ac-ad. Sc., (1873);
W. H. Edwds., Butt. X. Am., II, t. VI, Pap.,
(1875).

Zelicaon, Luc., Rev. Zool., p. 136, (1852).
Machaon var. Californica, Men., Cat. Mus. Pctrop.,
Lep. I, j). 69, (1855).

Larva on umbelliferous plants, carrot, etc.

+ 15. INDRA, REAR., Proc. Ent. Soc., Phila,, VI, p. 123, (1866) ;
Kirby, Cat,, p. 567, (1871); Streck., Lep., Rhop.,
Met.,' p. 9, t. II, f. 1 d\ (1873); Proc. Ac-ad. Xat,
Sc., Phil., j>. 150, (1876) ; Putnam, Proc. Davenport
A cud. Sc., I, p. 182, t. XXXV, f. 5 9 (1876).

16. PERC; AMUS, HY. EDWDS., Proc. California A cad. Sc.,

(Dec., 1874).

According to its author close to Indra, but has tails as long as
Asterius. Described from one cf taken in Santa Barbara,
California, May, 1873.

17. ASTERIUS, (.'RAM., Pap. Exot., IV, t, 385, (1782); Esp.,

Aus., Schmett., t. 11, f. 1, 2, t. 40, f. 6, (1785-1798) ;
Euphoeades A., Hi'tb., Verx. Bek. Schmett., p. 83,

(1816).
P. Asterias, Fabr., Mant. Ins., II, p. 2, (1787); Syst.

Ent., Ill, p. 6, (1793) ; Godt. Enc. Meth., IX, p/58,

(1819); Bdl.-Lec., Lep. Am. Sept., t. 4, (1833);

Bdl., Sp. Gen., 1, p. 332, (1836); Lucas, Lep.

Exot., p. 38, t. 20, ( 1 835) ; Morris, Syn., p. 5, ( 1 862) ;

Harris, Ins. Inj. Ve^., Flint's Ed.', p. 265, t. IV,

(1862).

Ajax, Clerck, (nee Linn.), I cones, t. 33, (1764).
Troilus, Drary, (nee Linn.), 111. Exot. Ent,, I, t. 11,

f. 2, 3, 5, (1773) ; Fabr., Ent, Syst., I II, p. 4, ( 1793) ;

Abb.-Smith, Ins. Ga., I, t. 1,'(1797); (Vain., Pap.

Exot., Ill, t. 207, (1782).
Polyxcnes, Fabr., Syst, Ent., p. 444, (1775); Kirbv,

Cat., p. 566, (1871).

.Larva on parsnip, carrot, parsley, cicuta, and the like.
*var. a. BREVICAUDA, SAUXDERS, Packard's Guide,

p. 245, (1869); Kirby, Cat. p. 567, (1871); \V. H.

Edwds., Butt. X. Am., II,t. VIII, Pap., f. 3,4,5,

(1875).

The macular bands of upper surface of wings fulvous instead
of yellow ; tails very short.

California,

Utah,

Colorado,

Oregon,

Vancouver's

Island.

Colorado.

California.

United
States and
Territories
from Atlan-
tic to Pacific.

Newfound-
land.

* P. Machaon var. Sphyrus, Hub., Sam. Ex. Schmett., f. 775, 77G, (1818-1824;.

72

CATALOGUE OF THE

tvar. b. ANTICOSTIENSIS, STRECK., Lep., Rhop., Het, I, South La-
p. 10, t. II, p. 68, t, VIII, (Larva), (1878) ; W. H. brador,
Edwds-., Butt, X. Am., t, VIII, Pap., i*. 1, 2, (1875). Anticosti,

The macular bands on wings of 9 are as broad and broader * ana( ' a -
than in <^ ; tails short. Larva on Archanyelica purpurea.

*ab. c. CALVERLEYI, GROTE, Proc. Ent. !Soc., Phila.,
II, p. 441, t. 10, (1864) ; Kirby, Cat, p. 566, (1871).

Basal or inner half of wings black ; outer half orange coloured,
devoid of ornamentation; nearly alike on upper and under
.surface. But two examples so far known, one (cf ) captured
on Long Island, X. Y., the other (9) taken on St. John's
River, Florida.

var. d. ASTERIOIDES, REAK., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc., Mexico,
Phila., p. 331, (1866) ; Kirby, Cat. p. 567, ( 1871 ) ; Central
Streck, Lep., Rhop., Het., p. 47, t. VI., 9, (1878). America.

Macular bands of upper surface alike in both sexes; narrower I
than in common form of ( j , rarely any indications of yellow
within discoidal cells.

var. e. UTAHENSIS, NOB. tf Primaries more falcate, and all Utah.
wings somewhat narrower than in the common form. Pale
yellow stripes on each side of head and prothorax ; tegula-
also pale yellow ; usual lateral rows of yellow dots on abdo-
men ; anal valves pale yellow ; macular bands and submar-
ginal lunules on wings pale yellow on both surfaces, devoid
of the orange colour beneath so conspicuous in the eastern
examples ; anal eye orange pupilled with black, said pupil
extending in a line to and connecting with the black of ab-
dominal margin. 9 w i tn tne .macular bunds reduced to a
series of more or less obsolete spots.

; 17 a. BAIUDII, W. H. EDWDS., Proc. Ent, Soc., Phila., VI, Arizona,
p. 200, (1866); Kirby, Cat., p. 567, (1871).

I saw the type of this some years since, and, if my recollection
.serves me right, it is very near or perhaps tbe same as var.
A&terioides, above cited.

18. TROILUS, LINN., Mus. Lnd. Ulric, p. 187, (1764), Syst. United

Nat., I, 2, p. 746, (1767); Cram., Pap. Exot., Ill, States from
t. 207, (1782); Godt., Ene. Moth., IX, p. 60, the Atlantic
(1819); Bill. -Lee., Lep. Am. Sept., p. 26, t. 10, to Texas ;
(1833); Bdl., Sp. Gen., I, p. 334, (1836) ; Lucas, ? California.
Lep. Exot., t. 19, 9 (1835); Morris, Syn., p. 5, j
( 1862) ; (Eupluxades T.), Hiib., Verx. Bek.'Schmett.,
p. 83, (1816), Sam. Ex. Schmett., (1816-1824).
P. llioneus, Abb. Smith, IILS. Georgia, 1, t. 2, (1797);)
Felcl., Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges., XIV, p. 815, n. 862,
p. 364, n. 210, (1864).
Larva on sassafras (Lauras Sassafras).

ab. a. with the submarginal lunules of secondaries prolonged in-
wardly towards base, forming dashes or rays. One example
in coll. Peale.

Jab. D. with, on under surface of hind wings, a narrow yellow band
which crosses the wing nearly parallel with abdominal mar-
gin, running from near anal angle to eosta a short distance
from base, the same as is always fouiid in Palamedes. One
example in coll. Strecker.

AMERICAN MACROLEPIDOPTERA NORTH OF MEXICO.

73

19. PALAMEDES, DRU., 111. Ex. Ent,, I, t. 19, (1773); Cram., Southern
Pap. Ex., I, t. 113, (1779); Kirby, Cat., p. 543, United
(1871). States from

Chalcas, Fabr., Syst, Ent,, p. 453, (1775); Herbst, Virginia
Nat, Sehmett., 'ill, t. 42, (1788); Morris, Syn., p. southward,
7, (1862); (Euphimdes C.), Hiib., Verz., p. 83, and south-

(1816).

Calchas, GodL, Euc. Meth., IX, p. 59, (1823); Bdl.-
Lec., Lep. Am. Sept., p. 17, t. 5, (1833); Bdl., Sp.
Gen., I, p. 337, (1836).

Larva much resembles that of Troilius, and feeds on various spe-
cies of Laurus.

west to Lou-
isiana.

GENUS 2. PARNASSIUS, LATR.

20. PKIJUS var. SMINTHEUS, I)BIJ>Y.-HKW., Gen. Diur. Lep.,

t. 4, (1847); Reak., Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil., VI, p.
127, (1866); Kirby, Cat., p. 512, (1871); W. H.
Edwds., Butt. X. 'Am., I, t. II-IV, Parn., (1872).
W. H. Edwds., Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil., II, p.
78, (1863); Butt. X. Am., I, t, II, f. 2, Parn.,
(1872); Kirby, Cat., p. 511, (1871).
var. a. BEHRII, W. H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.,
Ill, p. 10, (1870); Butt. N. Am., 1, t, III, Pan..,
(1872); Kirby, Cat., p. 514, (1871).
This form has yellow spots instead of red.
Larva on Sedum.

21. CLODIUS, MEN., Cat. Mus. Petr., I, p. 73, (1855); Bdl.,

Lep. Cab, p. 29, (1870); \V. H. Edwds., Butt. X.

Am., t, I, Parn., (1871) ; Kirby, Cat. p. 513, (1871 ).

Clarius, Bdl., Ann. Soc. Ent./Fr., p. 283, (1852);

\V. H. Edwds., Butt X. Am., t. I, Parn., (1871).

*22. KYKHSMANNI, MEN., Cat. Mus. Petr., I, p. 73, t. 1, f. 1,

2, tf, (1855); Kirby, Cat., p. 513, (1871); Stgr.,

Cat., p. 2, (1871); \V. H. Edwds., Butt, N. Am.,

t. IV, Parn., (1872).

Wosnesenskii, Men., Cat. Mus. Petr., I, p. 74, t. 1,
f. 3 9, (1855).

Rocky Mts.
of Colorado,
Montana,etc.

California ;
Oregon.

Alaska ;
E. Siberia.

FAMILY II. PIERID.E.
GENUS 1. LEPTALIS, DALMAN.

23. MEIJTE, LINN., (Pap. M.\ Syst, Nat., I, 2, p. 755, (1767) ;
Clerck, Icones, t. 44, (1764); (Vain., Pap. Ex., II,
t. 153, (1779) ; Fab., Ent. Syst, 111, p. 160, (1793) ;
(Pieris M.} Godt., Enc. Meth., IX, p. 165, (1819);
(Licinia M.} Swains., Zool. 111., I, t. 22, (1820-
1821); (Leplalis M.} Bdl., Sp. Gen., 1, ]>. 422,
(1836); (Dismorplna M.) Kirby, Cat., p. 436,
(1871).

New Mex-
ico ; Mexico.

74

CATALOGUE OF THE

GENUS 2. NEOPHASIA, BEHR.

24. MKNAIMA, FELDER, (Pier is M.}, Wien. Ent, Mon., Ill, California,
j). 271, (1859); Reise, Nov. Lep., II, p. 181, Utah,
t, 25, (1805); Kirby, Cat., p. 450, (1871); ( Afeo- Oregon,
ptiasia M.), W. H/Edwd.s., Butt. N. Am., t, 1, Vancouver's
Pieris, d\ (1871); Streck., Lep., Rhop.-Het., t. II, Island.
f.4, V,p. 14; (1873).

Pieris Tau, Scud., Proc. Bust, Soc. Nut. Hist.,
VIII, p. 183, (1801); Morris, Syn., p. 322, (1862).

Pieris Ninonia, Bdl.., Lep. Cal., p. 38, (1869).

Hy. Edwds. says, "Chrysalis is attached to the trunks of pine
and fir trees. The caterpillar doubtless feeds on the spruce
tir (Abies Douylassi), and should be sought in the early part
of July."

*25. TKRLOOII, BEHR, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., II, p. 304, Sierra Ma-
(1869;) Kirby, Cat., p. 450, (1871). dre, Calita.

GENUS 3. PIERIS, SCHRANCK.

26. NAIM, Lixx., (Papilio N.), Faun. Suee., p. 271, (1761); California.
Syst. Xat.,I,2,p.760,(1767); Scba, Rcr. Nat.Tlu-s.,
IV, t. 2, (1765); Esper, Schmett., I, 1, t, 3,
(1777); Hub., Eur. Schmett., I, f. 406, 407,
(1793-1827) ; (Pieris N.} Godt., Enc. Meth.,
IX, p. 161, (1819); Bell., Sp. Gen., I, p. 518,
(1836); Stgr., Cat., p. 3, (1871) ; Kirby, Cat,, p.

. 453, (1871); Streck., Lep., Rhop.-Het., t. VIII,
p. 61, (1873) ; (Pmitia N.) Duncan, Nat. Lib., Ent,,
III, p. 121, t, 9, (1835); (Tachyptera N.) Beruv,
Schmett,, |). 94, t. 30, (1842).

Pieris Venosa, Scud., Proc. Bo.st. Soc. Nat. Hist,, VIII , p.
182, (1861); Morris, Syn., p. 320, (1862); Kirby,
Cat,, p. 454, (1871); W. H. Edwds., Syn. N. Am.
Lep., p. 4, (1872).

Pieris Nasturtii, Bdl., Lep. Cal., p. 38, (1869).
var. a. PALLIDA, SOLID., Proc. Host. Soc. Nat, Hist,,

VII I, p. 183, (1861) ; Morris, Syn., p. 321, (1862) ;
Kirby, Cat,, p. 455, (1871); \\. II. Kilwds., Syn.

British

Columbia,

Oregon,

N. Am. Lep., p. 4, (1872); Streck.,, Lcp., Ivhop.- California.

Het,, t. VIII, p. 62, (1873).
Pieris I her id-is, Bdl., Lep. Cal., p. 39, (1869).

'I Pie/is Castoria, Beak., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc., Phila., p.
238, (1866); Kirby, Cat., p. 454, (1871); \V. H.
Edwds., Syn. N. Am. Lep., p. 4, (1872).
Pieris Resed'ce, Bdl., Lep. Cal., p. 39, (18(59).

Paler form of the preceding. <^ sometimes with a more or K->s
distinct black spot in middle of superiors towards outer mar-
gin, and sometimes entirely destitute of such spot.

AMERICAN MAf'ROT,EPIPOFTERA NORTH OF MEXICO.

75

var. 1). OLERACEA, HARRIS, (Pontia ().}, New Eng.
Farmer, VIII, p. 402, (1829) ; Agass., Lake Supe-
rior, p. 386, t. 7, (1850) ; (Pieris 0.) Bdl., Sp. Gen.,
I, p. 518, (1836); Scud., Proc. Bost, Soc. Nat.
Hist., VIII, p. 178, (1861) ; Harris, Ins. Inj. Veg-.,
Flint's Kd., p. 270, fig. 99, (1862); Morris/Syn., p.
315, (1862); Kirby, Cat., p. 454, (1871); W.. H.
Edwds., Syn. N. Am. Lep., ]>. 4, (1872;.

J'ieri-s Orutiferarum, Bdl., Sp. Gen., I, p. 519, (1836).

Pontia Casta, Kirby, Faun. Bor. Am., IV, p.
288, t, 3, (1837).

An almost immaculate form, a little greyish at base of wings
and on eosta and apex of primaries being all the decorations.

Larva on cabbage, turnips, etc.

var. c. FRIUIDA, SCUD., Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., p.
181, (1861); Morris, Syn., p. 318, (1862); Stgr.,
Cat., p. 3, (1871); Kirby, Cat., p. 454, (1871);
W. H. Edwds., Syn. Lep. N. Am., p. 4, (1872).
Pieris Oleracea var.', Bdl., Sp. Gen., I, p. 518, (1836).
Ganoris Oleracea var. Borealis, Grote, Bull. Buff.
Soc., 1, p. 185, (1873).

A form having the veins of under surface of secondaries accom-
panied with dark scales.

var. d. HULDA, W. H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.,
II, p. 370, (1869); Kirby, Cat., p. 453, (1871).

Veins of under surface so heavily accompanied by blackish-
green scales that but little of the pale yellow ground colour
of the wing is visible.

27. VIRGINIENSIK, W. H. EDWDK., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Ill,
p. 13, (1870); Butt, N. Am., t. II, Pieris, (1871);
Kirby, Cat., p. 454, (1871).

Canada,Xew
England,
Middle and
Western
States to
Colorado.

East and
South Lab-
rador, Anti-
costi Island.

Kodiak.

Ochs., I, 2, 146, (1808); (Pieris K] Godt, Enc.
Mcth., IX, p. 161, (1819); Bdl., Sp. Gen., I, p.
520, (1836); (Pontia R.) Duncan, Xat. Lib., Ill,
p. 117, t. 7, (1835); (Tachyptera A'.) Berge,
Schmett., ]>. 94, t. 30, (1842); (Picria ft.) Stiir.,
Cat., p. 3, (1871); Kirby, Cat., p. 454, (1871);
Streck., Lep., Rhop.-Het., p. 63, t. VIII, (1873).
Pieris Marginalis, /Scud., Proc. Bost. Soc. Xat. Hist.,
VIII, p. 183, (1861 ) ; Morris, Syn., p. 321, (1862) ;
Kirby, Cat., p. 454, (1871); W. H. Edwds., Syn.
X. Am. Lep., p. 5, (1872); Streck., Lep., Rhop.-
Het., ]>. 63, t. VIII, (1873).

'.Pieris Yreka, Reak., Proc. A cad. Xat. Sc., Phila., p.
238, (1866); Kirby, Cat., p. 455, (1871); W. H.
Edwds., Syiu Lep.' X. Am., p. 4, (1872); Streck.,
Lep., Rhop.-Het., p. 63, t. VIII, (1873).

Canada, Xew
England,
Mid'le States
Virginia,
Europe, Si-
beria, British
Columbia,
( )regon, Cal-
ifornia, Can-
ada, Xew
England,
Middle and
some of the
Western
United
States.

76

CATALOGUE OF THE

Larva the too well-known cabbage-worm; is also
found on turnips, mignonnette, and some other
plants,
var. a, NOVANGIJ.E, SCUD., Can. Ent., IV, p. 79,

(1872).

$ entirely lemon yellow on both surfaces.

29. MONUSTE, LINN., (Pap. M.\ Mus. Lud. Ulr., p. 237, :

(1764); Syst. Nat,, I, 2, p. 760, (1767); Fabr.,

Syst, Ent.', p. 470, (1775); (Pieris M.) Godt,, Enc.

Meth., IX, p. 141, (1819); Bdl., Sp. Gen., I, p.

495, (1836); Kirby, Cat,, p. 458, (1871).
Pap. Monusta, Cram., Pap. Ex., II, t, 141, (1779);]

(Pieris M.) Morris, Syn., p. 16, (1862).
Mylothris Hippomonuste, Hiih., Ver/. Bek. Schmett,,

p. 91, (1816).
Pieris Cleomes, Bdl.-Lcc., Lep. Am. Sept., I, p. 43,

t, 16, (1833).

Pieri* Orseis, Godt., Enc. Meth., IX, p. 141, (1819).
Pap. Albusta, Sepp, Surin. Vlind., Ill, t, 141,

(1855).
ab. a. PHILETA, FABR., (Pap. P.], Syst. Ent., p. 471,

(1775); Kirby, Cat., p. 458, (1871).
Pieris Philete, Bdl., Sp. Gen., I, p. 550, (1836).
Pieris Suasa, Bdl,, 1. c., p. 549, (1836).

Phileta is a smoky or melanotic 9 form.

Larva, according to Bdl., on Cleome PentaphyUa.

30. PROTODICE, BDL.-LEC., Lep. Amer. Sept., p. 45, t. 17,

(1833); Sp. Gen., I, p. 543, (1836); Scud., Proc,
Bost, Soc. Nat, Hist., VIII, p. 180, (1861); Morris,
Syn., p. 17, (1862); Kirby, Cat., p. 451, (1871);
W. H. Edwds., Syn. N. Am. Butt,,]). 4, (1872);
Saunders, Can. Ent., V, p. 42, (1873).
var. a. VERNALIS, W. H. EDWDS., Proc. Ent, Soc.,
Phila., II, p. 501, (1864) ; Butt, N. Am., t. II,
Pieris, (1871); Kirby, Cat., p. 463, (1871),

This is the first or spring generation of Protodicc.
Larva on Cruci/erce.

31. OCCIDENTALS, REAR., Proc. Ent, Soc., Phila,, VI, p. 133,

(1866) ; Kirby, Cat,, p. 462, (1871) ; W. H. Edwds.,
Syn. Butt, N. Am., p. 5, (1872).

Closely allied to the preceding.

32. SIHYMBRII, BDL., Ann. Soc. Ent,, Fr., p. 284, (1852);

Morris, Syn., p. 17, (1862); Kirby, Cat., p. 451,
(1871); W. H. Edwds., Syn. Butt/ N. Am., p. 5,
(1872).

33. CHLORIDICE, HUB., (Papilio C.}, Eur. Schmett,, I, f. 712-

713, (1803-1818) ; (Pieris C.} Ochs., Schmett, Eur.,
IV, p. 154, (1816); (Pieris C.} Dup., Lep. Fr.
Suppl., I, t, 4, (1832) ; Bdl., Sp. Gen., I, p. 543,
(1836); Stgr., Cat,, p. 3, (1871); Kirby, Cat,, p.
451, (1871); Streck., Lep., Rhop.-Het,, p. 70,
(1873).

Canada, New
England and
M'dle States.

Southern
U. States,
W. Indies,
Cent, Am.,
Cayenne,
Bra/il, Ven-
ezuela,

j Canada,

United
! States and
j Territories,
i from At-
l lantic to the

Pacific.

( Colorado,
Nevada.

California
and adjacent
territorv.

Nevada,
Utah,S. Rus-
sia, Sarepta,
Turco mania,
Siberia,
Persia.

AMERICAN MACROLEPIDOPTERA NORTH OF MEXICO.

77

Papilio Daplidiee var. Russian, Esp., Schmett, I, 2, t.

90, (1784).
Fieri* Beckerii, W. H. Edwds., Butt. N. Am., t, 1, Pieris,

(1871 ) ; Hy. Edwds., Proc. Cal.Acad. Sc.VII,(1876)

34. CALYCE,W. H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Ill, p. 189,

(1870); Hy. Edwds., Proc. Cal.Acad. Sc.VII,(1876)

GENUS 4. ANTHOCBARIS, BDL.

35. AUSONIA, HUB., (Pap. A.}, Ear. Schmett,, I, 582-583,

(1803); Ochs., I, 2, p. 164, (1808); Godt,, II, 6, 3,
4, (1822); Bdl., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., p. 68, (1845);
Stgr., Cat., p. 4, (1871); (Euchloe A.) Kirby, Cat,
p. 506, (1871).

var. a. AUSONOIDES, BDL., Ann. Soc. Ent., Fr., 2me Ser.
X, 286, (1852); Lucas, Rev. Zool., p. 340, (1852);
W. H. Edwds., Proc. Ent. Soc., Phila,, II, p. 81,
(1863); Syn. N. Am. Butt, p. 5, (1871); (Euchloe
A.} Kirby, Cat, p. 506, (1871); (Anth. A.} W. H.
Edwds., Butt N. Am., II, t I, Anth., (1874); Hy.
Edwds., Proc. Cal. Acad. Sc., V, (1874); Mead,
Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 747, (1875).
Larva on Oruciferce.

36. CREUSA, DBLDY.-HEW., Gen. Diur. Lep., p. 56, t. 7,

(1847); (Euchloe G) Kirby, Cat, p. 506, (1871);
(Anth. C.) W. H. Edwds., Syn. N. Am. Butt,, p. 5,
(1871 ) ; Hy. Edwds., Proc. Cal.Acad. Sc. VII, (1876).
A. Hyantis, W. H. Edwds., Trans. Am. Ent Soc., Ill,
p. 205, (1871).

37. LANCEOLATA, BDL., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 2me Ser. X, 284,

(1852); Luc., Rev. Zool., p. 338, (1852); Morris,
Syn., p. 21, (1862) ; Scud., Proc. Bost, Soc. Nat
Hist., Vol. XII, p. 406, (1869) ; (Midea L.) Kirby,
Cat, p. 509, (1871) ; (Anth. L.} Streck'., Lep., Rhop-
Het , p. 49, t VI, (1873); Hy. Edwds., Proc. Cal.
Acad Sc,, VII, (1876).

A. Edwardsii, Belli-, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., II, p. 304,

(1869); (Euchloe E.) Kirby, Cat, p. 508, (1871).
38 GENUTIA, FABR., (Pop. G.), Ent Syst, III, 1, p. 193,
(1793); Don., Ins. Lid., t 27," (1800); (Pieris G.)
Godt., Enc. Meth., IX, p. 168, n. 165, (1819);
(Anth. G.) Bdl., Sp. Gen., I, p. 565, (1836); Morris,
Syn , ]>. 20, (1862) ; (Midea G.) Kirby, Cat,, p. 508,
(1871).

Mancipium vorax Midea, Hiib., Sam. Ex. Schmett.,
(1806-1816).

Pieris L'herminieri, Godt., Enc. Meth., IX, n.!64,(1819)
Donovan's figure is incorrectly represented witli long palpi like
Libythea.

39. SARA, BDL., Ann. Soc. Ent Fr., 2me Ser. X, 285, (1852);

Lucas, Rev. Zool., p. 21, (1852); Morris, Syn., p. 21,

(1862); (Euchloe S.) Kirby,Cat, p.508,(1871); (Anth.

tf.)W. H. Edwds.. Butt N. Am., t. II, Anth., (1871 ).

var. a. REAKIRTII, W. H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Ent.

Nevada,
California,

Gr. Slave L.
Brit Col., S.
Eur., Moroc-
co, Syria,
Armenia.
California
and adjacent
territory.

Nevada,
Utah.

California.

U. S. east of
Texas, (? ex-
cept New
England

California,
Oregon.

78 CATALOGUE OP THE

Soc., II, p. 369, (1869) ; Butt. N. Am., t. I, Anth.,
(1870); (Euchfoe R.) Kirby, Cat,, p. 508, (1871);
Hy. Eclwds., Gal. Acacl. Nat. Sc., VII, (1876).

Smaller than Sara,and 9 is always white, never yellow, as in some
instances in the former. Probably the first generation of Sara.

40. CETHURA, FELD., Reise Nov. Lep., II, p. 182, t. 25. Mt. Diablo,

(1865); (Euehlce C.) Kirby, Cat., p. 508, (1871). San Dieo-o,
A.Cooperi, Behr, Trans. Am. Ent, Soc., II, p.3()4,( 1 869); California.

W. H. Eclwds., Butt. N. Am., t. I, Anth., (1870).
A. Angelina, Bdl., Lep. Gal., p. 40, ( 1 869).

41. JULIA, W. H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., IV, p. 61, Colorado,

(1872) ; Streck, Lep., Rhop.-Het., p. 50, t, VI, c?, 9, Utah.
(1873); Mead, Wheeler's Rep.,V, p. 748, (1875).

42. OLYMPIA,W. H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Ill, p. 266, Va -> Kan.,

(1871); Streck., Lep., Rhop.-Het., p. 64, t. VIII, c?, Tex - ail(1

(1874); W. H. Edwcls., Butt. N. Am., II, t. I, Anth., doubtless

(1874); Hy. Edwds., Gal. Acacl. Nat. Sc.,VII(1876) other parts of

Belongs to the group separated by Rambur into the genus Zegris. the U. S.

GENUS 5. NATHALIS, BDL.

44. IOLE, BDE., Sp. Gen., I, p. 589, (1836); Morris. Syn., p. i Colorado,

22, (1862) ; Reak., Proc. Ent, Soc., Phil., VI, p. 134. : California,
(1866); Kirby, Cat,, p. 504, (1871); Hy. Edwds., | Texas, Mex-
Proc. Gal. Acad. Sc., VII, (1876). ! ico, Cuba,

Felicia, Poey, Mem. Cuba, I, p. 443, t. 18, (1851). Cent, Am.

Irene, Fitch, 3d Rep. N. Y. State Agr. Soc., Suppl., p.

485, (1856).

^Luteolus, Reak., Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil., II, p. 350,
(1863); Kirby, Cat., p. 504, (1871).
The original type of Lutenlus is in my possession ; it is merely j
a little darker yellow than is commonly the case.

GENUS 6. CALLIDRYAS, BDL.

45. ARGANTE, FABR., (Pap. A.}, Syst. Ent,, p. 470, (1775) ; Ent. Florida,

Syst., Ill, 1, p. 189, (1793); (Maneipium fagax A.) Texas, Mex-
Hiib., Sam. Ex. Schmett,, (1806-1816);' (Oof.. A.) ico,W. In-
Godt., Enc. Meth., IX, p. 92, (1819) ; Swains., Zool. dies, Cent.
111., I, t, 52, (1820-1821) ; (Callidn/as A.) Bdl., Sp. Am., Bnli-
Geu., I, p. 622,(1836) ; Lucas, Lep. Exot,, p. 8 1 , t.40, via, Bra/il,
(1835); (Catopsilia A.} Kirby, Cat,, p. 484, (1871 ); etc.
(Oatt. A.} But!., Lep. Exot,, p. 119,-t. 44, (1872).
cT Pap. Hersilia, Cram., Pap. Ex., II, t, 173, (1779);
Herbst, Nat, Schmett,,V, p. 192, t, CX, (cf ), p. 197,
t. CXI, (9), (1792); (Call. H.) Butl., Lep. Exot.,
p. 106, t. 39, (1872).

Pap. Oypris, Cram., Pap. Ex., II, t.99,(1779) ; (Pha>bi
C.) Hub., Sam. Ex. Schmett,, (1806-1816).

Pap. Pallideflavus, Goeze, Ent, Bevt., Ill, 1, p. 185,
n. 97, (1779).

Pap. Larra, Fabr., Ent. Syst Suppl., p. 428, (1798);
(Col. L.) Godt,, Enc. Meth., IX, p. 94, (1819).

Pap. Volcanica, Perry, Arcana, (1811).

Col. Cnidia, Godt., Enc. Meth., IX, p. 93, (1819).

Pap. Xanthe, Sepp, Sunn. Vlind., II, t, 75, (1848).

AMERICAN MACROLEPIDOPTERA NORTH OF MEXICO.

79

46. EFHITLE, LINN., (Pap. E.), Syst. Nat., I, 2, p. 764, (1767);

Cram., Pap. Ex., II, t. 120, (1779); Abb.-Smith,
Lep. Ga., I, t. 5, (1797); ( Callidryas E.} Bdl.-Lec.,
Lep. Am. Sept., p. 74, t, 24, (1833) ; Bdl., Sp. Gen.,
I, p. 613, t. 6, 9, (1836); Duncan, Xat. Lib., Ent., |
V, ]>. 122, t. VJII, (1837); Morris, Syn., p. 25,
(1862); (Catopsilia E.} Kirby, Cat., p. 482, (1871).

Pap. Marcdlina, Cram., Pap. Ex., II, t. 163,
' (1779) ; (Col. M. et Eubule) Godt., Enc. Meth., IX,
p. 92, (1819); Dun., Nut, Rep., I, t. 6, (1823);
(Callidryas M.} Bdl., Sp. Gen., I, p. 615, (1836);
Bates, ,Inl. Ent., I, p. 238, (1861); Morris, Syn., p.
26, (1862).

Pap. Drya, Fabr., Syst. Ent., p. 478, (1775).
'.' var. Pap. Sennce, Linn., Syst. Nat., I, 2, p. 764,

(~l P* /"* ^ \
1 ibi).

Larva on Cassia.

47. Cii'ms, FABR., (Pap. C.\ Ent, Syst., Ill, 1, p. 212, (1793) ;

Don., Nat. Rep., II, t, 40, (1824); (folios C.)

Godt, Enc. Meth., IX, p. 91, (181 9); (CatopsiKa

C.) Kirby, Cat., p. 484, (1871).
Callidryas Cypris, Bdl., Sp. Gen., I, p. 623, (1836).
Colias Neocypris, Hiib., Sam. Ex. Schmett., (1816-

1836).
9 Callidryas Bracteolata, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soo., p.

458, t. 26, (1865).

Hind wings of this species prolonged at tlie anal angle into a
tail.

U. S. ex-
cepting New
England and
the north-
western
States, com-
monest
south. Mex-
ico, W. In-
dies, Cent,
and S. Am.

S. Texas,
?N. Mexico,
Mexico,
Cent. Am.,
Bra/il, etc.

GENUS 7. KRICOGONIA, REAR.

48. LYSIDK, GODT., (Colias L.}, Enc. Meth., IX, p. 98, (1819) ; S. Florida,
figured in Hiib. Zntr. Exot, Schmett., n. 843, 844, Texas, West
'(1818) ; Men., Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc., Ill, p. Indies,
119, (1834); (Rhodocera L.} Bdl., Sp. Gen., I, p. Mexico.
603, (1836); Morris, Syn., p. 24, (1862); (Gonep-
teryx L.} Dbldy.-Hew., Gen., I, p. 71, (1847);
(Kric. L.} Reaki, Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil., 11, p. 356,
(1863); Kirby, Cat., p. 387, (1871).

GENUS 8. GONEPTERYX, LEACH.

49. M.KKCLA, FABR., (Pap. M.}, Syst, Ent., p. 479, (1775); Florida,

Ent. S., Ill, 1, p. 212, (1793); Don., Ins. Ind., t. W. Indies,
27, (1800); (Col. M.) Godt., Enc. Meth., IX, p. 89, Mexico.
(1819) ; (Rhodocera M.) Bdl.-Lec., Lep. Am. Sept.,
p. 71, t. 23, (1833); Bdl., Sp. Gen., 1, p. 600,
(1836); Morris, Syn., p. 23, (1862); (don. M.)
Kirby, Cat., p. 488", (1871).
Pap. Ecdipsis, Cram., Pap. Ex., IT, t. 129, (1779).

CATALOGUE OP THE

S. Texas,
jN. Mexico,
j Mexico, W.

Indies, ( Vnt
I Am., N.
! Granada,

Bolivia, etc.

California.

50. CLORINDE, GODT., (Colias C.), Enc. Meth., IX, Sup., p.

813, (1823); (Call. C.) Lucas, Pap. Ex., p. 83, t.

42, (1835); (Rhodocera C.} Bdl., Sp. Gen., I, p.

599, (1836); Morris, Syn., p. 350, (1862); (Gonep-

teryx C.) Dbldy.-Hew., Gen., I, p. 71, (1847);

Kirby, Cat., p. 487, (1871).
Anteos Micrula, Hub., Sam. Ex. Schmett, (18<>6-

1824).
Amynthia et Cynthia Swainsonia, Swains., Zool. 111.,

2, Ser., t. 65, (1832).
Colias Godarti, Perty, Del. Animal, p. 152, 1. 29,

(1834).

GENUS 9. MEGANOSTOMA, REAR.

51. EIIRYDICE, BDL., (Col. R), Ann. Soe. Ent., Fr., p. 32,

(1852); Lep. Cal., p. 40, (1869); W. H. Echvds.,
Butt. N. Am., I, t. V, Col., (1869); (Meg. E.}
Kirby, Cat, p. 490, (1871).
Col. Wosnesenskii, Men., Cat. Mus. Petr. Lej)., I, p.

77, t, I, (1855); Morris, Syn., p. 32, (1862).
9 Rhodocera Lorquini, Bdl., Ann. Soc. Ent., Fr., p. 52,

(1855).

IMeganostoma Helena, Reak., Proe. Ent. Soc., Phil.,
II, p. 358, (1863); Kirby, Cat, p. 489, (1871).
Larval food-plant, Amorpha Californica, Torr.

52. C^ESONIA, STOLL, (Pap C.), Sup. Cram., t 41, (1787-

1791) ; (Zerene C.) Hiib., Sam. Ex. Sehmett., (1806-
1824); (Golius C.) Godt, Enc. Meth., IX, p. 98,
(1819); Bdl.-Lec., Lep. Am. Sept., p. 67, t. 22,
(1833) ; Lucas, Pap. Ex., p. 79, t. 39, (1835) ; Bdl.,
Sp. Gen., I, p. 635, (1836); Dbldy.-Hew., Gen.,
p. 74, (1847); Morris, Syn., p. 27, (1862); (Meg.C.)
Reak., Proc. Ent. Soc., Phila., II, p. 358, (1863);
Kirby, Cat., p. 489, (1871); Hy. Edwds., Proc.
Cal. Acad. Sc., (1874). .

Pap. Carollniana, Petiv. Ga/oph., p. 2, t. 7, (1767).
Larva on various species of clover (Trifolium),

GENUS 10. COLIAS, FABR.

53. PAL^NO, LINN., Faun. Suec., p. 272, (1761); Syst, Nat., Brit Co-

1, 2, p. 764, (1767); Fabr., Syst Ent.', p. 476, lumbia,
(1775); Ent, Syst, III, p. 207, (1793); Ochs., Arctic re-
Schmett, I, 2, 184, (1808); (Colias P.] Godt., Enc. sinus of
Meth., IX, p. 101, (1819); Bdl., Sp. (Jen., I, p. America ami
645, (1836); Stgr., Cat., p. 5, (1871); Kirby, Cat, Europe,
p. 493, (1871).

Pap. Europomene, Esp., Sehmett., I, t. 42, (1778);
Hiib., Eur. Sehmett, 434, 4:55, (1793-1827).

Pap. Philomene, Hub., 1. C., 602, 603, 740, 741 ;
(Col. P.) Dup., Lep., Suppl., I, t 47, (1832).

Southern
and Western
IT. S. from
Atlantic to
Pacific ;
Mexico,
Central
America.

AMERICAN MACROLEPIDOPTERA NORTH OF MEXICO.

81

Col. Palceno var. Lapponica, Stgr., Cat., p. 5, (1871).
Col. Werdandi, H.-S., Schmett. Eur., f. 403, 404, 9,

(1848).
Col. Helena, W. H. Edwds., Proc. Ent, Soc., Phila., II,

p 80, (1863); Butt. N. Am., I, t, I, Col., (1868).
Col. Chippewa, W. H. Edwds., 1. c., last page Vol. I ;

Kirby, Cat., p. 495, (1871).

The N. Am. $ examples are generally paler than the common
European form, assimilating; more to the var. Lapponica, Stgr.
Edwds.' types (Helena et Chippewa) were taken at M'Kenzie's
River, British Columbia, N. L. 61, about. I received exam-
ples from the region south-west of New North Wales, B. C. It
is a common species in central and northern Europe and Siberia

54. PELIDNE, BDL., Icones, t. 8, (1832); Sp. Gen., I, p. 644,

(1836); Dup., Suppl., I, t, 15, (1832); Bdl.-Lec.,

Lep. Am. Sept., p. 66, t. 21, (1833) ; Herr.-Sch.,

Schmett. Eur., t. 7, f. 35, 36, t. 8, f. 43, 44, (1843) ;

Freyer, Neue. Beit,, VI, t. 511, (1831-1858) ; Men.,

Cat Mus. Petr. Lep., I, p. 84, (1855); Mosch.,

Wien. Monat., IV, p. 349, (1860) ; Morris, Syn., p.

30, (1862); Kirby, Cat., p. 493, (1871); W. H.

Edwds., Butt. N. Am., II, t. I, Col., (1874).
Col. Anthyale, Stgr., Cat., p. 5, (1871).
Col. Labrador ensis, Scud., Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.,

p. 107, (1862); 1. c., XII, p. 406, (1869); Kirby,

Cat,, p. 493, (1871).
Col. Scudderii, Reak., Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil., IV, p.

217, (1865); Kirby, Cat,, p. 496, (1871); W. H.

Edwds., Butt, N. Am., I, t, VIII, Col., (1872);

Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 749, (1875).

Differs in nothing of any importance from the Labrador ex-
amples.

var. a, INTERIOR, SCUD., Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. IX,

p. 108, (1862); Kirby, Cat,, p. 493, (1871).
t Col. Pelidnevar., Streck., Lep., Rhop.-Het,, p.69,(1873).
Col. Philodice var. Laurentina, Scud., Proc. Bost. Soc.
Nat. Hist., p. 4, (Oct., 1875).

A form found in S. Labrador and in the Lake Superior region,
in which the 9 is in the majority of instances yellow like the $.

var. b. CHRISTINA, W. H. Edwds., Proc. Ent, Soc., Phil.,
II, p. 79, (1 863) ; Butt, N. Am., I, t, II, Col., (1868). !

A form of great size, $ 9 often 2J inches in expanse ; the <^ is
sometimes partially suffused with orange, like Eurytheme, as in
the examples figured by Edwds., which were taken at Slave
River, B. C. Jn the examples from N. S. Wales, B. C., the
males are lemon yellow, like the typical Labrador form ; the
females are both yellow and white, the latter greatly in ex-
cess of the former. Above Lake Athabasca both the orange
and yellow $, and the yellow and white 9 forms occur. All
four exceed in size those from N. E. Labrador.

55. ALEXANDRA, W. H. EDWDS., Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil., II,

p. 15, t. 11, (1863); Butt. N. Am., I, t. I, Col.,
(1868); Reak., Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil., VI, p. 135,
(1866); Kirby, Cat,, p. 494, (1871); Mead, Wheel-
er's Rep., V, p. 749, (1875).

ab. a. ALBA, a white 9 form of rare occurrence.

N. E. Lab-
rador,

Brit. Colum-
bia, Colorado

S. Labrador,
Anticosti,
Canada,
Lake Supe-
rior.

Brit. Colum-
bia.

Colorado.

82

CATALOGUE OF THE

var. b. EDWARDSII, BEHR ; W. H. Edwds. Butt. N. \
Am., I, t. 6, Col., (1870); Kirby, Cat,, p. 494.!
(1871); Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 749, (1875).

What little difference there is between this and Alexandra is
easier seen than described, being mainly in the presence of
more dark scales on margin of primaries in $ .

f*56. EMILIA, W. H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Ill, p.
12, (1870); Kirby, Cat,, p. 494, (1871).

|*57. BARBARA, HY. EDWDS., Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sc., VII,

(1877).

58. PHILODICE, GODT., Enc. Meth., IX, p. 100, (1819);
(Eu)-ymus P.) Swains., Zool. 111., 2, Ser. II, t. 60,
(1831); Bdl.-Lec., Lep. Am. Sept., p. 64, t. 21,
(1833); Bdl., Sp. Gen., I, p. 647, (1836) ; Lucas,
Lep. Exot,, p. 78, t, 39, (1835); Harris, Ins. Inj.
Veg., p. 272, f. 100, 102, (1862); Morris, Syu., p.
29, (1862); Reak., Proe. Ent. Soc., Phil., IV, p.
218, (1865),VI, p. 135, (1866); Saunders, Can. Ent.,

I, p. 54, (1869); Kirby, Cat,, p. 494, (1871) ; Mead,
Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 748, (1875) ; W. H. Edwds.,
Butt. N. Am., II, t, II, III, Col., (1876).

Pap. Palceno, Cram., Pap. Exot,, I, t, 14, (1775).
Zerene Anihyale, Hub., Zutr. Ex. Schmett., f. 307,

308, (1823).
Col. Europome, Steph., 111. Brit. Ent. Haust, I, p. 10,

t. 1, (1828); (Eurymus E.) Swains., Zool. 111., 2d,

Ser. II, t. 70, (1831); (Col. E.) Humph., West.

Brit, Butt,, p. 17, t. 3, (1848).
Col. Chrysotheme, Nastes et Sanies, Fitch, Rep. N. Y.

State Agr. Soc., VIII, p. 378, (1854).
ab. a. 9 ALBA, W. H. EDWDS., Butt. N. Am., II, t, 11,

Col., f. 6, t. III, f. 5, 6, (1876).

The common white 9 form.

Larva on clover (Trifolium) and pea (Astragalus).

ab. b. cf NlG. First figured by Glover in his unpublished plates
from a unique example taken near Palmyra, N. Y. This
figure was copied in Edwds.' Butt. N. Am., II, t. Ill, Col., f. 8,
9, (1876). Another example, now in my possession, was taken
near Montreal, Canada ; it is wholly smoky black on upper
surface save the fringes, which are pink. Under surface dull
green, with a large inky patch on inner half of primaries.

lab. C. C? VlRIDA. One example taken at same time and place as
the preceding. Upper surface dull dark green, with usual
black border. Under side much as in preceding.

ab. d. c? HYBRIDA ex C. PHILODICE et C. CHRYSO-
THEME, figured in W. H. Edwds.' Butt, N. Am.,

II, t, III, Colias, (1876).

Suffused with pale orange.

var. e. OCCIDENTALIS, SCUD., Proc. Bost, Soc. Nat. Hist.,
IX, p. 109, (1862); W. H. Edwds., Butt. N. Am., I,
t. VII, Col., (1871); Kirby, Cat,, p. 493, (1871).
Col. Chn/somelas, Hy. Edwds., Proc, Cal. Acad. Nat,
Sc., VII, (1877).

Nevada.

Oregon.
California.

Canada,
United
States east
of Texas,
Kansas,
? Nevada.

Illinois,
Georgia,

M'Kcnzie's
River, Brit-
ish Colum-
bia; Oregon,
California.

AMERICAN MACROLEPIDOPTERA NORTH OF MEXICO.

83

? var. f. ERIPHYLE, W. H. Edwds., Trans. Am. Ent.

Soc. V, p. 202, (1876).

f*59. ASTR.EA, W. H. Edwcls., Trans, Am. Ent. Soc., IV, p.
61, (1872).

Described from one $ taken near the Yellowstone .River
Montana, by the Hayden Ex., 1871.

60. CHRYSOTHEME, ESP., (Pap. C.), Schmett., I, 2, t. 65,

(1777) ; Hiil>., Eur. Schmett,, I, f. 426-428, (1793-
1827) ; Ochs., Schmett. Eur., I, 2, p. 178, (1808);
(Col. C.) Godt,, Enc. Meth., IX, p. 103, (1819);
Bdl., Icones, t. 9, (1832); Sp. Gen., I, p. 643, t. 6,
(1836); Morris, Syn., p. 28, (1862); Stgr., Cat., p.
6, (1871); Kirby, Cat., p. 493, (1871); Streck.,
Lep., Rhop.-Het,, p. 100, (1874).
Col. Ariadne, W. H. Edwds., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.,

III, p. 12, (1870); Kirby, Cat., p. 494, (1871).
var. a. gen. 2. EURYTHEME, BDL., Ann. Soc. Ent., Fr.,

p. 286, (1852); Morris, Syn., p. 29, (1862); Reak.,

Proc. Eut. Soc., Phil., II, p. 136, (1866); W. H.

Edwds., Butt. N. Am., I, t. Ill, Col., (1869); Kirby,

Cat., p. 493, (1871) ; Hy. Edwds., Proc. Cal. Acacl.

Sc., V, p. 162, (1873); Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V,

p. 748, (1875).

Col. Chrysotheme, var. Bdl., Sp. Gen., I, p. 644, (1836).
Col. Amphidusa, Bdl., Ann. Soc. Ent,, Fr., p. 286,

(1852).
Col. Edusa, var. Californiana, Men., Cat. Mas. Petr.

Lep., I, p. 80, (1855).
ab. b. 9 ALBA. W. H. EDWDS., Butt. N. Am., t. III,

Col., f. 5, 6, (1869).

Jab. C. 9 FLAVA, destitute of every trace of orange. Mus. Streck.

var. d. KEEWAYDIN, W. H. EDWDS., Butt. N. Am., I, t,

IV, Col., (1869) ; Kirby, Cat,, p. 491, (1871) ; Mead,
Wheeler's Rep., V, p. '748, (1875).

Forma intermedia Chrysotheme et Eurytheme.

ab. e. ? ALBA. W. H. EDWDS., 1. c., f. 8, 9.

ab. f. HARFORDII, HY. EDWDS., Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat.

Sc., VII, (1877).
Col. Keewaydin, var., A, d", W. H. Edwds., Butt. N.

Am., I, t, IV, Col., f. 7, (1869).

Destitute of all orange, lemon yellow like Philodice.
Larva on bufflalo grass (T. reflexum) nnd other spe-
cies of Trifolium.

61. MEADII, W. H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Ill, p.

267, (1871); Butt, N. Am., I, t, VIII, Col., (1872);
Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 750, (1875).

So close to C. Heda, Lef br., that 1 almost doubt its being distinct.

62. HECLA, LEFBR., Ann. Soc. Ent., Fr., p. 383, t, 9, (1836);

Kirby, Man. Eur. Butt,, p. 17, (1862); Stgr., Cat,,
p. 6, (1871;; Kirby, Cat,, p. 492, (1871).
Co/. Boothii, Bdl., (nee Curtis), Gen. Ind. Meth., p. 7,
(1840); Herr.-Sch., Schmett. Eur., I, f. 459, 460,
(1843); Walleng., Skand. Dagf., p. 139, (1853).

British Co-
lumbia.
Montana.

Rare in Ca-
nada, New
Eng. and
Middle
States; com-
mon in
Southern
and Western
States and
Territories.

California.

Rocky Mts.
of Col.; 10-
! 1 2,000 feet
above the sea
Greenland,
Lappland.

84 CATALOGUE OF THE

63. BOOTHII, CURTIS, App. to Narr. Ross' 2d Voy., Nat. Hist., Boothia-

p. 65, t. A, (1835) ; Herr.-Sch., Schmett. Ear., I, Felix,
f. 39, 40, (1843); Gn., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., p. 198,
(1864); Stgr., Stett. Ent. Z., p. 47, (1866); Cat.
Eur. Lep., p. 5, (1871) ; Kirby, Cat., p. 493, 1871).
ab. a. CHIONE, CURTIS, App. Ross' 2d Voy., Nat. Hist,,
p. 66, t. A, (1835) ; Stgr., Cat., p. 6, (1871) ; Kirby,
Cat., p. 493, (1871). .

Devoid of the black discal spot on primaries ; marginal border
narrow and obscure.

64. NASTES, BDL., Icones, t. 8, (1832) ; Godt,, Dup. Suppl. N. E. Lab-

Lep., I, t. 15, (1832); Bdl., Sp. Gen., I, p. 648, rador.
(1836) ; Herr.-Sch., Schmett. Eur., I, t. 7, f. 37, 38,
(1843), t. 84, f. 401, 402, (1843); Walleng., Skand.
Dagf., p. 142, (1853); Mosch., Wien. Ent. Monat.,
IV, p. 354, t. 9, (1860); Morris, Syn., p. 30, (1862);
Stgr., Cat., p. 5, (1871); Kirby, Cat, p. 494, (1871);
W. H. Edwds., Butt. N. Am., II, t, I, Col., (1874).

This is the Labrador form of the Lappland C. Werdandi, Zett.,
(Ins. Lapp., p. 908, (1828).

*var. a. ROSSII, GN., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., p. 199, (1864); Boothia-
Stgr., Cat., p. 5, (1871); Kirby, Cat,, p. 495, (1871). Felix.
Yellow form.

65. BEHRII, W. H. EDWDS., Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil., VI, p. Mts. of Cal.,

201, (1866); Butt, N. Am., I, t, 2, Col., (1868) ; 10,000ft.
Kirby, Cat., p. 495, (1871). above the sea

GENUS 11. TERIAS, SWAINS.

Xanthidia, Bdl.
Eurema, Hub.

68. NICIPPE, CRAM., (Pap. N.}, Pap. Exot., Ill, t. 210, From Penn-

(1782) ; Herbst, Nat, Schmett., V, p. 176, t. CVII, sylvania

f. 3, 4, (1792). Enc. Meth. Ins. Plates, t. 15, f. 2, southward

(1797) ; Fabr., Ent. Syst., Ill, p. 208, (1793) ; fig- to the Gulf

ured in Hiib., Zutr. Ex. Schmett,, n. 819, 820, ?, of Mexico

(1818); (Colias N.) Godt,, Euc. Meth., IX, p. 103, and west-

(1819); Say, Am. Ent,, II, p. 70, t. 30, (1825) ; ward to the

Lucas, Pap. Exot, p. 76, t 38, (1835); (Xanthidia Pacific;

N.) Bdl.-Lec., Lep. Am. Sept, p. 55, t 20, (1833); Mexico, Cen-

(Terias N.) Bdl., Sp. Gen., I, p. 653, (1836); Mor- tral Am., W.

ris, Syn., p. 33, (1862); (Eurema JV.) Kirby, Cat,, p. Indies.
441, (1871); Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 750, (1875);
Hy. Edwds., Proc. Cal. Acad. Sc., VII, (1876).

ab. a. o ? FLAVA. Citron yellow without any traces of orange.
$ very rare, 9 more frequent.

Larva on Cassia and Trifolium.

69. PROTERPIA, FABR., (Pap. P.), Syst Ent., p. 478, (1775); Texas, Mex-

Sp Ins., II, p. 50, (1781);' Mant Ins., II, p. 24, ico, Cuba,
(1787); Ent. Syst, III, 1, p. 210, (1793); (Col. P.) Cent. Am.,
Godt., Enc. Meth., IX, p. 91, (1819): (Ter. P.) Bolivia,
Bdl., Sp. Gen., I, p. 654, (1836); Lucas, Lep. Exot, Venezuela,
p. 74, t 38, (1835); Morris, Syn., p. 35, (1862);
(Eurema P.) Kirby, Cat., p. 441, (1871).

AMERICAN MACROLEPIDOPTERA NORTH OF MEXICO. 85

70. GUNDLACHIA, POEY, Mem. Nat. Hist., Is. Cuba, I, p. 246, Texas,

t. 24,(1851); (Eurema .) Kirby, Cat., p. 441, (1871). Mexico,
Ter. Proterpia var., BdL, Sp. Gen., I, p. 655, (1836). Cuba.

71. MEXICANA, BDL., Sp. Gen., I, p. 655, t, 19, 9, (1836); Texas,

Duncan, Nat, Lib., Ent., V, p. 125, t. 8, c?, (1837); Louisiana,
(Eurema M.} Hub., Zutr. Exot. Schmett., f. 917, Mexico.
918, (1837); (Ter. M.} Morris, Syn., p. 36, (1862) ;
(Eurema M.) Kirby, Cat., p. 441, (1871).
Ter. Boisduvaliana, Feld., ReiseNov., II, p.200,(1865).

72. WESTWOODII, BDL., Sp. Gen., I, p. 666, (1836); (Eurema Texas,

W.) Kirby, Cat., p. 445, (1871). Mexico.

Eurema Dina, Hub., Zutr. Ex. Schmett., f. 951, 952,
(1837).

73. ELATHEA, CRAM., (Pap. E.}, Pap. Exot,, II, t, 99, (1779) ; i ? Florida,

Fabr., Sp. Ins., II, p. 44, (1781); Ent. Syst., Ill, Mexico,
1, p. 196, (1793); (Pirns E.) Godt,, Euc. Meth., Cent. Am.
IX, p. 136, (1819); (Ter. E.) Lucas, Lep. Ex., p.
76, t. 39, (1835); Bdl., Sp. Gen., p. 664, (1836);
Bates, Jnl. Ent., I, p. 242, (1861); (Eurema E.}
Kirby, Cat., p. 444, (1871).

74. PALMIRA, POEY, Mem. Nat. Hist, Is. Cuba, I, p. 249, t.

? Florida,

24, (1851); (Eurema P.) Kirby, Cat., p. 444,(1871). i Cuba.
Ter. Lydia, Feld., Wien. Ent. Mon.,V, p. 87, (1861);
Reise Nov. Lep., II, p. 206, (1865).

75. DELIA, CRAM., (Pap. D.}, Pap. Exot,, III, t. 273, (1782);
(Xanthidia D.) Bdl.-Lec., Lep. Am. Sept., p. 49,

Southern
United

t. 18, (1833); (Ter. D.) Bdl., Sp. Gen., I, p. 663, States.

(1836); Morris, Syn., p. 34, (1862); (Eurema D.}

Kirby, Cat., p. 444, (1871).
Eurema Demoditas, Hub., Verz. Bek. Schmett., p. 96,

(1816).
Pirn's Daira, Godt., Enc. Meth., IX, p. 137, (1819).

Larva on " Tri folium, Cassia and Glycine" Bdl.-Lec.

76. LISA, BDL.-LEC., (Xanthidia L.), Lep. Am. Sept., p. 53,
t, 19, (1833); (Ter. L.) Bdl., Sp. Gen., p. 661, t. 2,
(1836); Morris, Syn., p. 34, (1862) ; (Eurema L.)

Canada, U.
S. east of the
Rocky Mts.,

Kirby, Cat, p. 443, (1871). Texas,

Pieris Smilax, Godt., Enc. Meth., IX, p. 136, (1819). Mexico.

ab. a. 9 ALBA, entirely white instead of yellow.

Larva food same as the preceding.

77. JUCUNDA, BDL.-LEC., (Xanthidia /.), Lep. Am. Sept., p. Habitat
52, t, 19, (1833) ; (Ter. ./.) Bdl., Sp. Gen., I, p. 665, same as
(1836); Morris, Syn., p. 35, (1862) ; (Eurema J.) T.Delia.
Kirby, Cat., p. 445, (171).
Ter. Ebriola, Poey, Mem. Nat, Hist,, Is. Cuba, I, t.

24, (1851).
? Ter. Albina, Poey, \. c.

FAMILY III. LYC^ENIDJE.
GENUS 1. THECLA, FABR.

J78. CRYSALUS, W. H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., IV, p. Colorado,
344, (1873); Mead, Wheeler's Rep.,V, p. 777, (1875). Utah.

86

CATALOGUE OF THE

Hypaurotis Chrysalus, Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 113,

(1876).
*79. PUTNAMI, HY.EDWDS.,Proc.Cal.Acad.Nat.Sc.,VI,(1876).

80. GRUNUS, BDL., Ann. Soc. Ent Fr., 2me Ser. X, p. 289,

(1852) ; Lep. Cal., p. 43, (1869) ; (Dipsas G.) Hew.,
111. Diur. Lep., 67, Supp., 16, t. 6; (Theda G.)
Morris, Syn., p. 100, (1862); (Zephyrm G.) Kirby,
Cat., p. 403, (1871); (Habrodais G.) Scud., Buff.
Bull., Ill, p. 113, (1876).

81. HALESUS, CRAM., (Pap. H.), Pap. Ex., II, t. 98, (1779);

(Hesperia H.) Fabr., Ent. Syst, Ill, p. 273, (1793) ;
(Atlides H.} Hiib., Verz. * Bek. Schmctt,, p. 80,
(1816); (Polyommatus H.} Godt., Enc. Meth., IX,
p. 626, (1823); (Theda H.} Bdl.-Lec., Lep. Am.
Sept., p. 83, t, 25, (1833); Morris, Syn., p. 91,
(1862); Kirby, Cat, p. 383, (1871) ; Mead, Wheel-
er's Rep.,V,"p. 777, (1875); (Atlides H.) Scud.,
Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 112, (1876).
Atlides Dolichos, Nub., Zutr. Exot. Schmett, f. 219,

220, (1818).

AUid.es Dolichus, //&., Verz. Bek. Schmett., p.80,(18 1 6)
Theda Juanita, Scud., Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XI,
p. 435, (1868); Kirby, Cat., p. 383, (1871).
Larva on Quercus Cinerea and other oaks.

82. M-ALBUM, BDL.-LEC., Lep. .Am. Sept., p. 86, t. 26,

(1833); Morris, Syn., p. 92, (1862); Kirby, Cat.,
p. 390, (1871); (Eupsyche M.} Scud., Buff. Bull.,
Ill, p. 112, (1876).

T. Psyche, Bdl.-Lec., Lep. Am. Sept., p.88,t.27,(1833);
Morris, Syn., p.93,( 1862) ; Kirby, Cat., p. 390,(1871).
Larva on Astragalus and Quercus.

83. MELINUS, HUB., (Strymon M.}, Zutr. Ex. Schmett,, f. 121,

122,(1818); (Theda M.) West,, Gen. Diur. Lep., p.486,

(1852); Mead, Wheeler's Rep.,V, p. 778, (1875);

( Uranotes M.) Scud., Buff. Bull, III, p. 107, (1876).
T.Hypenci, Bdl.-Lec., Lep. Am.Sept., p.90, t,28,(1833) ;

Morris, Syn., p.94,(1862); Kirby,Cat.,p.396,(1871).
T. Favonius, Bdl.-Lec., Lep. Am. Sept., p. 95, t. 30,

(1833); Morris, Syn,, p. 95, (1862).
T. Humuli, Harris, Ins. Inj. Veg., 1st Ed., p. 215,

(1841), 2d Ed., p. 235, (1852), 3d Ed., p. 276, t. 4,

(1862); Kirby, Cat, p. 395, (1871).
T. Pan, Harris, Hitch. Rep. Geol., Min., etc., Mass.,

590, (1833).

T. Silenus, Dbldy., List B. M., 2, p. 31, (1847).
T. Melinus var. Pudica, Hy. Edwds., Proc. Cal. Acad.

Nat, Sc., VI, (1876).

Larva on Humulus Lupulus, Cratccgus.

84. CECROPS, FABR., (Hesp. C.), Ent Syst, III, I, p. 270,

(1793) ; (Polyom. C.) Godt., Enc. Meth., IX, p. 636,
(1819) ; (Theda C.) Dbldy -West., Gen. Diur. Lep.,
485, (1850-1852); Kirby, Cat, p. 386, (1871);
(Calycopis Q Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 108, (1876).

Utah.
California.

Southern
States from
Atlantic to
Pacific.

Southern

States.

Canada,
United
States and
Territories
from Atlan-
tic to Pacific.

Southern
United

State.'*, West
Indies,
Cent, Am.

AMERICAN MACROLEPIDOPTERA NORTH OF MEXICO.

87

Rusticus Armatus Poeas, Hub., Sam. Ex. Schmett., 1,

(1806-1824); (Thecla P.] Bdl.-Lec., Lep. Am.

Sept,, p. Ill, t, 35, (1833); Morris, Syn., p. 103,

(1862) ; Kirby, Cat,, p. 395, (1871).
Strymon Beon, Hub., Verz. Bek. Schmett,, p. 75,

(1816).

85. HUGON, GODT., (Polyom.), Enc. Meth., IX, p. 640, Florida,

(1823). W. Indies.

Thecla Hugo, Dbldy. -West. -Hew., Gen. Diur. Lep.,
t, 74, f. 4, (1852).

86. FAVONIUS, ABB.-SMITH, (Pap. F.}, Ins. Ga,, I, p. 27, S. Carolina,

t, 14, (1797); (Polyom. F.) Godt, Enc. Meth., IX, Georgia,
p. 635, (1823); (Thecla F.) Dbldy., List Ins. B. Florida,
M., 2, 31, (1847); Kirby, Cat,, p. 395, (1871); Alabama.
Scud., Buff. Bull, III, p. Ill, (1876).
Larva on black oak.

87. AUTOLYCUS, W. H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Ent, Soc., Ill, Texas,

p. 271. (1871); Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. Ill, Kansas.
(1876).

var. a. with the orange patch on primaries obscured or represented
by only a small spot.

Larva on Quercus Obtusiloba.

88. ALCESTIS, W. H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Ent, Soc., Ill, p. Texas.

271, (1871); Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. Ill, (1876).

89. CALANUS, HUB., (Rustious Armatus C.), Sam. Ex.
Schmett,, 1, (1806-1824); (Strymon C.} Ind. Ex.
Lep. 2, (1821); (Thecla C.) Dbldy., List Lep. B.

Canada,
United

States east of

M., 2, p. 30, (1847); Dbldy .-West-Hew., Gen. the Rocky

Diur. Lep., II, p. 486, (1850-1852); Kirby, Cat, Mountains.

p. 395, (1871); Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 110,

(1876).
Polyommatus Falacer, Godt., Enc. Meth., IX, p. 633,

(1819); (Thecla F.) Bdl.-Lec., Lep. Am. Sept, p.

92, t 29, (1833) ; Morris, Syn. p. 95, (1862).
Thecla Inorata, G. &. R. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., I, p.

323, (1868) ; Kirby, Cat, p. 395, (1871).

Larva on various oaks.

ab. a. LORATA, G. &. R., Trans. Am. Ent, Soc., I, p. 171, Virginia.
(1867); Kirby, Cat, p. 396, (1871); Scud., Buff.'
Bull., Ill, p. 110, (1876).

Differs from the preceding in having a pale subbasal line on
under surface of both wings.

90. AURETORUM, BDL., Ann. Soc. Ent., Fr., 2me Ser. X, p.

288, (1852); Morris, Syn., p. 99, (1862) ; .Kirby,
Cat, p. 396, (1871).

91. LIPAROPS, BDL.-LEC., Lep. Am. Sept., p. 99, t. 31,

(1833); Morris, Syn., p. 96, (1862); Kirby, Cat.,
p. 396, (1871); Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. Ill,
(1876).

California.

Can., N. E.,
M'dl,Soth'n,
and West'rn
States to
Colorado.

88 CATALOGUE OF THE

T. Strigosa, Harris, Morris, Syn., p. 101, (1862); Ins.'

Inj. Veg., Flint's Ed., p. 276, (1862); W. H.

Edwds., Butt. N. Am., I, t. II, Thecla, (1869);

Kirby, Cat., p. 396, (1871).

Larva on oak.
t*92. Acis, DRU., (Pap. P.), 111. Ex. Eut., I, t. I, (1773) ; I Florida,

(TheclalA.} Kirby, Cat., p. 398, (1871); (Uranotes W. Indies.

A.) Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 108, (1876).
Pap. Mars, Fabr., Gen. Ins., p. 268, (1777); Ent.

Syst., Ill, 1, p. 265, (1793); (Polyom. M.) Godt.,

Enc, Meth., IX, p. 635, (1823); (Strymon M.

Hub., Sam. Ex. Schmett., II, (1806-1824).
f*93. NINUS, W. H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Ill, p. Colorado.

270, (1871); Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 778,

(1875); Scud., Buffi Bull., Ill, p. 109, (1876).
*94. ONTARIO, W. H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., II, p. Canada.

209, (1868) ; Butt. N. Am., I, t. II, Thecla, (1869) ;

Kirby, Cat,, p. 396, (1871) ; Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill,

p. Ill, (1876).
f*95. TETRA, BEHR, MSS. W. H. Edwds. Trans. Am. Ent. California.

Soc., Ill, p. 19, (1870); Kirby, Cat., p. 401,

(1871); Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. Ill, (1876).
96. S.EPITJM, BDL., Ann. Soc. Ent., Fr., 2me Ser. X, p. 288, California,

(1852); Morris, Syn., p. 99, (1862); Kirby, Cat.,

p. 396, (1871); Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 109,

(1876); Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 779, (1875).
T. Chatcis, Behr, MSS. W. H. Edwds., Trans. Am.

Ent. Soc., II, p. 376, (1869); Kirby, Cat, p. 400,

(1871).
f*97. ADENOSTOMATIS, HY. EDWDS., Proc. Cal. Acad. So., California.

VI, (1876); Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. Ill, (1876).

98. EDWARDSII, SAUNDERS, MSS., Can. Ent., I, p. 98, Canada, New

(1869); G. &. R., Trans. Am. Ent, Soc., I, p. 172, England and

173, (1867) ; Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 110, (1876). Middle
T. Falacer, Harr., (nee Godt.), Ins. Inj. Veg., Flint's States, Wes-

Ed., p. 276, (1862). tern States to

T. Calanus, G. & R., (nee Hub.}, Trans. Am. Ent, Texas and

Soc., I, 172, 173, (1867). Colorado.

T. Fabricii, Kirby, Cat,, p. 654, (1871).

Larva on Quercus Ilicifolia.

99. ACADICA, W. H. EDWDS., Proc, Acad. Nat, So., Phil., Canada, Now

p. 55, (1862) ; Butt, N. Am., I, t, I, Thecla, (1868); England and
Kirby, Cat., p. 396, (1871) ; Scud., Buff. Bull., p. Middle
109, (1876). States;

T. Calif ornica, W. H. Edwds., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc., Western
Phil., p. 223, (1862); Kirby, Cat., p. 396, (1871); States ami
Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 779, (1875). Territories

T. Souhegan, Whitney, Proc. Bust, Soc. Nat. Hist., to the Pacific
XII, p. 162, (1868); Kirby, Cat,, p. 401, (1871).

T. Borus, BdL, Lep. Cal., p. 43, (1869).

T. Dryope, W . H. Edwds., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Ill, i
p. 19, (1870); Kirby, Cat, p. 400, (1871); Scud.,
Buff. Bull, III, p. 109, (1876).

AMERICAN MACROLEPIDOPTERA NORTH OF MEXICO.

T. Oygnux, W. H. Edwds., Trans. Am. Ent, SOP., Ill,
p. 207, (1871); (T. Cyvmyt) Scud., Buff. Bull., TIT,
p. 109, (1876).
Larva, on willow.

A species subject to some variation, more particularly in the ex-
tent of the reddish colour near the inner angle, etc., on upper
surface of wings.

f*10(). SYLVINUS, BDL., Ann. SOP. Ent., Fr., 2me Ser. X, p.
287, (1852); Morris, Syn., p. 99, (1862) ; Kirby,
Cat,, p. 396, (1871); Mead, Wheeler's Kep., V, p.
778, (1875); Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 109, (1876).

101. NELHONI, BDL., Lep. Cal., p. 43, (1869); Kirby, Cat,

p. 399, (1871); Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 109, (1876).

102. DAMON, CRAM., (Pap. D.), Pap. Ex., IV, t, 390, C, D,

(1782); (Theda D.) Hew., 111. Diur. Lep., t. 37,

(1867) ; Harr., Hitch. Rep., 1st Ed., p. 590, (1833) ;

Kirby, Cat,, p. 387, (1871); Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill,

p. 108, (1876).
Lyons Gryneus, Hub., Verz. Bek. Schmett., p. 74,

(1816).
Polyommatus Damastus, Godt., Kuc. Meth., IX, p.

640, (1823); (Theda I).} Morris, Syn., p. 100,

(1862).
Papilio Simcethis, J)ru., 111. Ex. Ent., I, t. 1, (1773);

(Polyom. S.} Godt., Enc. Meth., IX, p. 643, (1823) ;

(Lycus S.) Hiib., Sam. Ex. Schmett., (1806-1824);

(Theda S.} Kirby, Cat., p. 398, (1871).
Theda Smilacis, Edl.-Lec., Lep. Am. Sept., p. 107, t.

33, (1833); Morris, Syn., p. 98, (1862).
T. Auburniana, Harris, Ins. In). Veg., Flint's Kd.,

p. 277, (1862): Morris, Syn., p. 101, (1862).
T. Castalisy \V. H. Edwds., Trans. Am. Ent, Sue.,

Ill, p. 208, (1871).

Larva on smila.r.
t*103. SIVA, W. H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Ent, SOP., V, p. 110,

(1874) ; Mead, Wheelers Rep., V, p. 778, (1875) ;

Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 109, (1876).

Perhaps identical with the preceding.

t*104. SPINKTORUM, BDL., MSS. Hew., 111. Diur. Lep., Ill,
p. 94, t. 45, (1867); Lep. Cal., p. 42, (1869);
Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 109, (1876).

105. COLUMELLA, FABR,, (Hespcria C'.), Ent, Syst., Ill, 1,
}>. 282, (1793); (Polyom. C.) Godt., Enc. Meth.,
IX, p. 638, (1823); (Callicista C.) Scud., Buff.
Bull., Ill, p. 107, (1876).

Tmolus Eurytulus, Hiib., Sam. Ex. Schmett., II,'
(1806-1824); (Theda E.} Kirby, Cat,, p. 395,
(1871).

Li/cccnct Modesta, Maynard, Am. Nat., VII, p. 178,
'(1873); (Lycana M.} Morrison, Buff. Bull., I, p.
188, (1874).

California,

California,

United
States, from
the Atlantic
westward to
Texas.

Arizona.

California.

? New York,
? Florida,
Cuba, Mex.,
Cent. Am.,
Venezuela,
etc.

90 CATALOGUE OF THE

Callicista OceUifem, Grote, Buff. Bull., I, p. 178,
(1873).

The foundation for placing tliis in our fauna rests on one r^
said to have been taken near Aurora, New York, in July,
1873.

t*106. SPADIX, Hv. EDWDS., Pror. Cal. Aead. Nat, Sc., VI, California.
(1876).

f*107. BEHRII, W. H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Ill, p. California ;

18, (1870) ; (Gi!lip*i/ehe B.} Scud., Buif. Bull., Til, Mazatlan,

p. 107, (1876). Mexico.

*108. L^TA, W. H. EDWDS., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc., Phil., p. \ Canada, At-
56, (1862); Butt. N. Am., I, t. I, Thecla, (1868); lantie U. S.
Kirby, Cat,, p. 401, (1871) ; (Erora L.) Scud., Buff, from Maine
Bull., p. 106, (1876). to Virginia.

9 Thecla Clothlldc, W. H. Kflwils., Proc. Ent, Soc.,
Phil., II, p. 15, (1863); Scud., Proc. Bost. Soc.
Nat. Hist., XI, ]>. 377, (1868).

109. TITUS, FABR,, (Hesperia T.), Ent, Syst., Ill, 1, p. 297, Canada,

(1793); (Polyom. 7V) Godt., Enc. Meth., IX, United
p. 688, (1823); (Lyctena T.} Dbldy.-Hesv., Gen. States and
Diur. Lep., p. 494, ( 1 850-1852) ; (Thecla T.} Kirby, Territories
Cat,, p. 399, (1871) ; (FStri/mnn T.) Scud., Buff. Bull., from the At-
III, p. 105, (1876). lantic to the

Stfymon Mopsus, Hiih., Verz. Bek. Schmett., p. 74, Pacific,
(1816); (Chrysophanus M.} Zutr. Ex. Schmett.,
f. 135, 136, (1818); (Thecla M.} Bdl.-Lec., Lep.
Am. Sept., p. 109, t. 34, (1833); Morris, Syn., p.
102, (1862); Harris, Ins. Inj. Veg., Point's Ed., p.
278,(1862); Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 779,(1875).
Larva on oak and Eupatorinm Cce/cstinum.

110. FULIUINOSA, W. H. EDWDS., Proc. Acad. Nat, Sc., California.

Phil., p. 164, (1861); (Cnpido F.) Kirby, Cat., p.
364, (1871); (Lye. F.) Streck., Lep., Rhop.-Het,,
p. 89, (1874) ; (Satyrium F.) Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, j
p. 106, (1876).
Lyccena Suasa, BdL, Lep. Cal., p. 51, (1869).

111. NIFHON, HUB., (Licus N.}, Zutr. Ex. Schmett,, f. 203, Canada,

204, (1823) ; (Thecla N.) Bdl.-Lec., Lep. Am. Sept., United
p. 105, t. 33, (1833); Morris, Syn., p. 98, (1862); States and
Harris, Ins. Inj. Veg., Flint's Ed., p. 278, (1862) ; i Territories
Kirby, Cat, p. 399, (1871); (InciJtalia N.] I Scud., from the At-
Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 104, (1876). lantic to the

T. Nephon, West-Hew., Gen. Diur. Lep., p. 486, Pacific.
(1850-1852).

T. Eryphon, B<IL, Ann. Soc, Ent,, Fr., 2me Ser. X,
p. 289, (1852); Kirby, Cat,, p. 399, (1871) ; Mead,
Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 780, (1875); (Incisalia E.}
Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 104, (1876).

T. Eriphon, Morris, Syn., p. 100, (1862).
Larva on various species of Pinus.

AMERICAN MACBOLEPIDOPTERA NORTH OF MEXICO.

91

112. lit r.s, GODT., (Polyommatus I.} Enc. Meth., IX, p. 674,

(1823); (Thecla I.) Bell. -Lee., Lep. Am. Sept., p.
101, t. 31, (1833); Kirby, Cat., p. 399, (1871);
(Incisalial.) Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 104, (1876).
T. Iris, Morris, Syn., p. 97, (1862).
var. a. ARSACE, BDL..-LEC., Lep. Am. Sept., p. 103, t.
32, (1833); Morris, Syn., p. 97, (1862); Kirby,
Cat., p. 399, (1871).

Median lines wanting the distinct white at termination on costa
of both wings and on inner margin of secondaries.

var. b. HENRICI, G.-R., Trans. Am. Eut. Soc., I, p.
174, (1867).

Smaller. Inferiors tailless.

Larva on Vaccinium Corymbosum.

113. ArursTUs, KIRBY, Fauna Bor. Am., IV, p. 298, t. 3,

(1837); Morris, Syn., p. 103, (1862); Harris, Ins.

Inj. Veg., p. 279", f. 108, (1862); (Incisaliu A.)

Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 104, (1876).
T. Augustinus, West., Gen. Diur. Lep., p. 486, (1850-

1852); Kirby, Cat,, p. 395, (1871).
T. Iroides, Bdi, Ann. Soc. Ent., Fr., 2me Ser. X, p.

289, (1852); Morris, Syn., p. 100, (1862); Kirby,

Cat., p. 399, (1871); Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p.

780, (1875).

114. DUMETOKUM, BDL., Ami. Soc. Ent,, Fr., 2me Ser. X, p.

291, (1852); Morris, Syn., p. 100, (1862); Kirby,

Cat., p. 398, (1871); (Callopkrys D.) Scud., Buff.

Bull., Ill, p. 105, (1876).
T. Viridis, W. H. Edwd., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc., Phil.,

p. 223, (1862); Kirby, Cat., p. 402, (1871).
T. Affinis, W. H. EdwfJs., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc., Phil.,

p. 223, (1862).

Larva on Hosackia.

This is the American form of T. Rubi, L., from which it differs
so little, if any, as scarce to deserve a separate designation.

Occupies the
same territo-
ry as Nlphon
and Titus.

Found in
same territo-
ry as the
preceding.

Nevada, Cal-
ifornia and
)rtgon.

GENUS 2. LYC.ENA, FABR.

(Polyommatus, Lcdr. )

J115. TEJTA, REAR., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc., Phil., p. 245,
(1866); (Cupido T.} Kirby, Cat., p. 356, (1871);
(Lyccena T.) Strcck., Lep., Rhop.-Het., p. 82, t. X,
(1874); (Eoer&t T.) Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 113,

(1876).

116. MONICA, REAK., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc., Phil., p. 244,
(1866); (Cupido M.) Kirby, Cat, p. 356, (1871);
(Lycctna M.) Streck., Lep.,*Rhop.-Het., p. 82, t. X,

(1874).

Southern
California.

Southern
California.

92 CATALOGUE OF THE

117. COMYNTAS, GODT., (Polyom. C.), Enc. Meth., IX, p. 660, Canada,

(1823); (Argus C.) Bdl.-Lec., Lep. Am. Sept., p. southward to
120, t. 36, (1833); (Polyom. C.} Morris, Syn., p. GulfofMex-
83, (1862) ; Harris, Ins. Inj. Veg., Flint's Eld., p. ico,and west-
275, (1862); (Cupido C.) Kirby, Cat., p. 356, ward from
(1871); (Lyccena <J.) Streck., Lep., Rhop.-Het., p. the Atlantic
82, (1874); Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 783, to the Rocky
(1875); (Everett C.) Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 114, | Mountains.
(1876).
Larva on Phaseolus Perennis, Lespedeza ( 'apitata.

118. AMYNTULA, BDL., Ann. Soc. Eut., Fr., 2me Ser. X, p. California.

294, (1852); (Polyom. A.) Morris, Syn., p. 87,

(1862); (Lyccena A.} Streck., Lep., Rhop.-Het., p.

82, (1874); (Everes A.) Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p.

114, (1876).
Cupido Comyntas var. Amyntula, Kirby, Cat., p. 356,

(1871).
t*119. MARINA, REAK., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc., Phil., p. 87, Southern

(1868); (Cupido if.) Kirby, Cat, p. 351, (1871); California,

(Leptotes M.} Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 124, (1876). ] Mexico.
Lampidex Cassius, Bull., Proc. Zool. Soc., Lon., p.

354, (1874).
Lye. Cassioides, Bdl., Lep. Guat, p. 16, (1870).

f*120. THEONFS, Lrc., Sagra Hist. Nat. Cuba, VII, p. 611, Key West,
t. 16, (1856); (Cupido T.} Kirby, Cat,, p. 351, j Florida.
(1871 ) ; (Leptotes T.) Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 124, j
(1876).

Lye: Cassius var. Floridensis, Morrison, Buff. Bull., I,
'p. 187, (1874).

121. EXILIS, BDL., Ann. Soc. Ent., Fr., 2me Ser. X, p. 295, j California,

(1852); (Polyom. E.} Morris, Syn., p. 87, (1862) ;! Arizona,
(Cupido E.} Kirby, Cat., p. 357', (1871); (Lyccena\ Utah,
E.) Streck., Lep., Rhop.-Het., p. 83, (1874). j Nevada,

Brephidium Exile, Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 124,(1876). Texas.

Lye. Fea, W. H. Edwds., Trans. Am. Ent, Soc., Ill, j
'p. 211, (1871); (Brephidium F.) Scud., Buff. Hull.,
Ill, p. 123, (1876).

122. ISOPTHALMA, H-S., Corr.-Blatt. /ool. Min. Ges. Re- Florida,

gensberg, XVI, p. 141, (1862); Stett. Ent. /eit., p. Cuba.
73, (1869) ; ( ( 'apido I.) Kirby, Cat., p. 350, ( 1 871 ) ;
(Brephidium /.) Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 123,
(1876).

Lye. Pseudofea, Morrison, Buff. Bull., J, p. 186,
(1874).

123. ANTIBUBASTI T S, Hur,., (Hemiaryus A.), Zutr. Exot, Southern

Schmett., p. 19, f. 99, 100, (1818); (Thecla A.) States, \\Vst
Dbldy.-Hew., Gen. Diiir. Lep., 11, p. 486, (1850- Fudics.
1852); (Cupido A.} Kirby, Cat, p. 350, (1871);
(Hemiargux A.) Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 123,
(1876). '

AMERICAN MACROLEPIDOPTERA NORTH OF MEXICO.

93

Rusticus Adolescens Hanno, Hub., Sam. Exot. Schmett.,
I, (1806-1816); (Cupido H.} Kirby, Cat., p. 350,
(1871); (Lyca-na H.) Streek., Lep., Rhop.-Het,, p.
83, (1874).

Lye. Hamo, Luc., Sagra Hist. Nat, Cuba, VII, p. 612,
(1856).

Polyom. Filenus, Poey, Cent. Lep. Cuba, t. II, (1833);
(Argus F.) Ed 1. -Lee., Lep. Am. Sept., p. 114,
(1833); Morris, Syn., p. 82, (1862).

Arq'us Pseudoptiletes, Bdl.-Lec., Lep. Am. Sept., p.
114, t. 35, (1833).

Lye. Astenidws, Bdl., MSS. Luc., Sag-. Hist. Nat,

'Cuba, VII, p. 613, (1856).

1*12-1. AMMON, Luc., Sag. Hist. Nat. Cuba, VII, p. 612, t. Southern
16, (1856) ; ( Cupido A.) Kirby, Cat,, p 351, (1871); Florida,
(Hemiargus A.) Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 122, West Indies.
(1876). '

125. ISOLA, REAK., Proc. Aead. Nat. Sc., Phil., p. 332, | Texas, Col-
(1866); (Cupido I.) Kirby, Cat., p. 376, (1871); orado, Kan-
(L't/c. I.} Streck., Lep., Rhop.-Het., p. 84, (1874); sas, Arizona,
Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 783, (1875); (ffcww-JNew Mex-
argus I.) Seud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 123, (1876). \ ico, Mexico,

Lye. Gyas, H'. H. Edwds., Trans. Am. Ent, Soc,, III, Cent. Am.
p. 210, (1871); Streck., Lep., Rhop.-Het., p. 84,
(1874).

Lt/c. Alee, W. H. Edwds., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Ill,
'p. 272, (1871); Streck., Lep., Rhop.-Het,, p. 88,
(1874).

126. ACMON, I)BLDV.-HK\\ ., (Jen. Diur. l^e})., II, p. 294, t.

Californiii,

xona.

76, (1852) ; (I J oli/oni. A.) Morris, Cat. Lep. N. Am., Nevada,
p. 12, (1860); (Cupido A.) Kirby, Cat., p. 358, Utah, Ari-
(1871); (Lyccena A.} Streck., Lep., Rhop.-Het., p.
,x,x, (1X74); Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 782,
(1875) ; (UusticHis .4.)Scud., Butt'. Bull., 1 1 1, p. 122,
(1876).

Lye. Anhegon, Bdl, Ann. Soc, Ent., Fr., 2me Ser. X,
'p. 295, (1852); (1'olyam. A.} Morris, C.)at. Lep. N.
Am., p. 12, (I860);' Syn., p. 87, (1862); (Cupido
A.} Kirby, Cat., p. 358, (1871).
Larva on Hosackia.

127. MEJ>ISSA, W. H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., IV, Utah, Ari-

]. 346, (1873); Streck., Lep., Rhop.-Het., p. 88, t. j sona, Colo-
10, (1874); Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 783, t. rado, New
XXXVI, (1875); (Rwticus M.} Scud., Butt'. Bull., Mexico.
Ill, p. 122, (1876).

128. ANXA, W. H. EDWDS., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc., Phil., p. California,

163, (1861); Morris, Syn., p. 329, (1862) ; (Cupido 'Colorado,
A.) Kirby, Cat., p. 358, (1871) ; (Lye. A.) Streck., Utah, Ne-
Lep., Rhop.-Het., p. 88, t. X, (1874); Mead, vada.
Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 782, (1875) ; (Runtieu* A.)
Scud., Butt'. Bull., Ill, p. 122, (1876).

94

CATALOGUE OF THE

+Lyc. Cajona, Reak.,Proc. Ent, Soc., Phil., VI, p. 147,

foot-note, (1866).
Lye. Argyrotoxus, Behr, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sc.,

Ill, p. 281, (1867).
Lye. Philemon, Bdl, Lep. Cal., p. 47, (1869).

I

129. SCUDDERII, W. H. EDWDS., Proc. Acad. Nat, Sc., Phil., I

p. 164, (1861); Morris, Syn., p. 329, (1862); (Cu-\
pido S.) Kirby, Cat, p. '358, (1871); (Lye. S.)
Streck., Lep., Rhop.-Het., p. 87, (1874); (Husticus
S.) Sc-ud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 122, (1876).
Larva on Lupinus Perennis.

130. OPTILETE, KNOCK, (Pap. O.), Beitr. Ins., I, p. 76, t,

5, (1781); Esp., Schmett,, I, t, 79, (1782); Fabr., I
Mant., II, 74, (1787): Hiit>., Eur. Schmett., I, f.
310, 312, (1793-1827); Ochs., I, 2, p. 51, (1808);!
(Polyom. 0.) Godt,, Enc. Meth., IX, p. 686, (1823) ;
(Lye. 0.) Frey., Neu. Beit., 451, 2, 3, 656, (1831-
1858); (Cupido O.} Kirby, Cat., p. 359, (1871);
(Lye. O.) Stgr., Cat., p. 10, (1871); Streck., Lep.,
Rhop.-Het., p. 120, (1876).

A number of examples from Alaska presented not the slightest
point of distinction from the many European examples with
which I have compared them.

131. BATTOIDES, BEHR, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat.. Sc,, III, p.

282, (1867); (Ciipulo B.) Kirby, Cat,, p. 360,
(1871); (Lye. B.} Streck., Lep., Rhop.-Het., p. 87, j
(1874); Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 782, (1875);!
(Rusticus B.) Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 122, (1876).
Lye. Grtoueoh, W. H. Edwds., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.,
Ill, p. 210, (1871); Streck., Lep., Rhop.-Het., p.
88, (1874); Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, j. 782,
(1875).

132. SHASTA, W. H. EDWDS., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc., Phil., p.

224, (1862) ; (Theela S.) Kirby, Cat,, p. 401, (1871);

(Lye. S.) Streck., Lep., Rhop.-Het., p. 83, (1874);

(Mustieus -S'.) Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 121, (1876).
Lye. Zelmira, Feld., Reise Nov. Lep., II, p. 282, t. 35,

(1865); (Cupido Z.) Kirby, Cat,, p. 359, (1871).
Lye. Calehas, Behr, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sc., Ill, p.

281, (1867); (Cupido ('.} Kirby, Cat., p. 358, (1871);

(Lye. ('.) Streck., Lep., Rhop.-Het., p. 88, (1874) ;

Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 782, (1875).
Lye. Nivium, Bdl., Lep. Cal., p. 47, (1869).

f*133. ENOPTES, BDL., Ann. Soc. Ent,, Fr., 2me Ser. X, p.
298, (1852); (Polyom. E.) Morris, Syn., p. 89,
(1862); (Cupido E.} Kirby, Cat., p. 363, (1871);
(Lye. E.} Streck., Lep., Rhop.-Het., p. 89, (1874);
( Rustics E.) Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 122, (1876).

S. Labr.,
Canada,
New York,
Michigan.

Alaska,

Ktfdiak,

Scandinavia,

Germany,

Russia,

Siberia.

Mountains
of Colorado,
Nevada and
California.

Oregon, Cal-
ifornia and
adjacent ter-
ritory.

California,
Arizona,

Nevada.

AMERICAN MACROLEPIDOPTERA NORTH OF MEXICO.

95

134. LUPINI, BDL., Lep. Cal., p. 46, n. 23, (I860) ; (( 'npido

L.) Kirby, Cat,, p. 358, (1X71); (Lye. L.) Streck.,
Lep., Rhop.-Het., ]). 88, (1874) ;' (Rmticus L.)
Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 121, (1876).
Agriades Minnehaha, ticucl., Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat.
Hist., XVII, 88.

135. PSEUD AEGIOLUS, BDL.-LEC., (Aryux P.), Lep. Am.

Sept., p. 118, t. 36, (1833);' Morris, Syn., p. 82,
(1862); -(Poli/am. !>.} Harris, Ins. In). Veg., Flint's
Ed., p. 274, (1862); (Lycmia P.) W. H. Edwds.,
Proc. Ent, Soc., Phil., VI, p. 204, (1867); Butt. N.
Am., I, t. II, Ly Ciena, (1869) ; Streck., Lep., Rhop.-
Het,, p. 82, (1874); (OyanirisP.) Scud., Buff. Bull.,
Ill, p. 114, (1876).

Pap. Arr/iolux, Abb. -Smith, Ins. Ga., I, t. 15, (1797).

Lye. Ner/fecta, \V. H. Edwds., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc.,
'Phil.,' p. 57, (1862); Butt, N. Am., I, t. II, Lye.,
(1869); Packard, Guide, p. 265, (1869); (Cyaniris
N.} Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 115, (1876).

('npido JPseudargiolus et Neglecta, Kirby, Cat,, p. 371,
(1871).

Larva on Actinomeris.

135 a. PIASUR, BDI.., Ann. Soc. Ent,, Fr., 2me Ser. X, p.
299, (1852); (Polyam. P.] Morris, Syn., p. 89,
(1862); (Cnpido P.) Kirby, Cat,, p. 363, (1871);
(Lye. P.) Streck., Lep., Rhop.-Het,, p. 82, (1874);
Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 785, (1875) ; ( ( 'i/aniris
P.) Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 114, (1876).

Lyctma Echo, W. H. Ed-wris., Proc. Ent, Soc., Phil.,
'II, p. 506, (1864).

136. LUCIA, KIRBY, Faun. Bor. Am., IV, p. 299, t, 3,

(1837); (Polyom. L.} Morris, Syn., p. 90, (1862) ;

Harris, Ins. Inj. Veg., Flint's Ed., p. 275, f. 105,

106, (1862); (Lye. L.) Streck., Lep., Rhop.-Het,,

p. 82, (1874).
Lye. Violacea, W. H. Edwds., Proc. Ent, Soc., Phil.,

VI, p. 201, (1866); Butt, X. Am., I, t. J, Lye.,

(1868).

(\ipido Lucia et Violacea, Kirby, Cat,, p. 368, (1871).
Lye. Pseudargiolw var. Lucia, Mead, Wheeler's Rep

V, p. 785, (1875).
(fyam'm Violacea et Lucia, Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill p.

114, 115, (1876).

The type form lias a large dark brown patch on disc of under
side of secondaries. 8ee Kirhy's and Harris' figures.

ab. a, ? NIG., figured in W r . H. Edwds. Butt, N. Am.,
I, t, I, f. 4, Lye., (1868).

The prevalent 9 form in Virginia, upper surface entirely dark
brown.

b. D. V INTERMEDIA, a form intermediate in colour of upper
surface between the blue and brown female, neither one nor
the other but partaking in a measure of the characteristics
of both. Kare.

California,
Montana.

Canada,

U. S. east of

Texas.

California,

Oregon and
adjacent ter-
ritory.

Labrador,
Canada, east-
ern U. S. to
Virginia.

Virginia.

Virginia.

96 CATALOGUE OF THE

137. SONORENSIS, FELIX, Reise Nov. Lep., II, p. 281, t. 35, Mt. Diablo,

(1865); (Cupido S.) Kirby, Cat., p. 354, (1871); Shasta, San
(Lye. 8.} Streck., Lep., Rhop.-Het, p. 105, (1875). ; Diego, S.
Lye. Regia, BdL, Lep. Cal., p. 46, (1869); (Cupido California;
1 R.} Kirby, Cat, p. 366, (1871); (Lye. R.) Streck., Sonora.
Lep., Rhop.-Het, p. 87, (1874); W. H. Edwds.,
Butt, N. Am., II, t. I, Lye., (1875) ; (Philotes Regia
et .Sonorensi*) Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 116, (1876).

138. SAGITTIGEEA, FELJX, Reise Nov. Lep., II, p. 281, t Los Angeles,

35, (1865;; (Cupido S.) Kirby, Cat, p. 354, (1871); S. Cala.,
(Phasdrotes S.) Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 116, Colorado,
(1876). 'Sonora.

l-Lyc. Catilina, Reak., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc., Phil., p.
244, (1866); (Cupido (.'.) Kirby, Cat., p. 376,
(1871); (Lye. (''.) Streck., Lep.,' Rhop.-Het, pp.
86, 105, 120, (1874-1876), t X, f. 1, 2, (1874).

Lye. Lorquini, Behr, Proe. Cal. Acad. Nat, Se., III,
p. 280, (1867); (Cupido L.) Kirby, Cat, p. 377,
(1871); (Lye. L.} Streck., Lep., Rhop.-Het., p. 90,
(1874), p. 120, (1876).

Lye. Rhcm, Bdl., Lep. Cal., p. 51, (1869) ; (( 'upido R.)
Kirby, Cat., p. 367, (1871); (Lye. R.} Streck.,
Lep.,' Rhop.-Het, p. 88, (1874), p. 105, (1875).

Lye. Viaca, W. H. Edwds., Trans. Am. Ent, Soc.,
Ill, p. 209, (1871); Streck., Lep., Rhop.-Het, p.
89, (1874).

Lye. Daunia, W. H. Edwds., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.,
Ill, p. 272, (1871) ; Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p.
785, (1875).

139. LYGDAMUS, DKLDV., (Poli/om. L.), Entom., p. 209, Atlantic

(1842); (Lye. L.} W. H. Edwds., Butt N. Am., I, States from

t I, Lye., (1868) ; (r upido L.) Kirby, Cat, p. 368, New York

(1871)'; (Li/c. L.} Streck., Lep., Rhop.-Het, p. 84, to Georgia;

(1874); Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 784, (1875); Indiana,

(Nomiarles L.} Scud., Can. Ent., VIII, p. 23, (1876), Ohio, Midi-

Butt'. Bull., Ill, p. 117, (1876).

igan.

t*139 a. ORO, SCUD., (\omiade* 0.), Can. Ent., 'VIII, p. 2."., Colorado.
(1876); Butt'. Bull., Ill, p. 117, (1876).

Probably a var. of the preceding.

140. ( 1 oupKRi, GROTE, (G/aucopsi/che ('.} Butt'. Bull., I, p. S. Labr.,

185, (1874); (Nomiades C.) Scud., Can. Ent., VI II, Anticosti,

p. 22, (1876); Butt'. Bull., Ill, p. 117, (1876). Lake Win-

Li/e. rembina, W. H. Kdwds., Syn. X. Am. Butt., p. nij>eu.
37, (1872); Streck., Lep., Rhop.-Het., pp. 69, Si,
t. X, (1874).

141. A\TiAcrs, Bnu, Ann. Soc. Ent, Fr., 2me Ser. X, |>. California,

300, (1852); (Polyom. A.} Morris, Syn., p. 90, On-iron,
(1862); (Cupido A.) Kirby, Cat., p. 371, (1871); Br. Col,
(.Lye. A.} Streck., Lep., Rhop.-Het., p. S4, (1874);
Mead, Wheeler's Hep., \, p. 785, (1875); (Nomia.-
des A.} Scud., Can. Ent,, VIII, p. 22, (1876); Butt'.
Bull., Ill, p. 117, (1876).

AMERICAN MACROLEPIDOPTERA NORTH OF MEXICO.

California.

Li/e. Mertila, W. H. Edwds., Proc. Ent, Soc., Phil.,
'VI, p. 206, (1866); Streek., Lep., Rhop.-Het,, p.
85, (1874).

142. BEHRII, W. H. EDWDS., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc., Phil., p.
224, (1862); (Theda B.} Kirby, Cat,, p. 400,
(1871) ; (Lye. B.} Streck., Lep., Rhop.-Het., p. 84,
(1874); (Nomiadex B.) Scud., Can. Ent., VIII, p.
2.,, (1876); Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 117, (1876).
Lye. Polyphemus, BdL, Lep. Cal., p. 49, (1869) ; (Ou-
pido P.) Kirby, Cat., p. 373, (1871).

I 1.,. XERCES, BDI,, Ann. Soc. Ent., Fr., 2meSer. X, p. 296, 1 California,
(1852); (Polyom. X.} Morris, Syn., p. 88, (1862) ;
(Cupido X.} Kirhy, Cat., p. 373, (1871); (Lye. X.}
Streek., Lep., Rhop.-Het., p. 86, (1874) ; (Nomia-
fltsX.) Scud., Can. Ent., VIII, p. 21, (1876); Buff.
Bull., Ill, p. 117, (1876).

144. PHERES, BDL., Ann. Soc. Ent,, Fr., 2meSer. X,p. 297,
(1852); (Polyom. P.) Morris, Syn., p. 89, (1862);
(Cupido P.] Kirby, Cat., p. 362; (1871); (Lye. P.]
Streek., Lep., Rhop.-Het., p. 85, (1874), p. 120,
(1876) ; Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 785, (1875) ;
(Oupido P.) Scud., Buff. Bull, III, p. 118, (1876).
var. a. Evius, BDI,, Lep. Cal., p. 49, (1869); (Oupido
E.} Kirby, Cat,, p. 363, (1871); (Lye. E.) Streek.,
Lep., Rhop.-Het., p. 89, (1874).

California,
( )regon.

Differs mainly in the shape of the median row of black spots
on under side of primaries.

ab. b. ARDEA, W. H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Ent, Soc.,
Til, p. 209, d\ (1871); Streek., Lep., Rhop.-Het.,
p. 86, (1874); (Cupido A.) Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill,
|. 118, (1876).

Under surface of secondaries devoid of the row of median spots,
and with a large white spot near middle.

f*al>. c. ORCUS, W. H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Ent, Soc., II,
|>. 376, (1869) ; (Cupido } Kirby, Cat., p. 377,
(1871); (Lye. 0.} Streek., Lep., Rhop.-Het.. p. 85,
(1874) ; (Cupido O.) Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 118,

(1876).

Under surface, with the exception of faint discal bars, immacu-
late.

t*144 a. PHILEROS, BDI,, Lep. Cal., p. 50, (1869); (Cupido
P.] Kirby, Cat., p. 366, (1871); '(Lye. P.} Streek.,
Lep., Rhop.-Het., p. 87,(1S74); (Cupido P.) Scud.,
Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 118, (1876).

Li/<: Helios, W. H. Edwds., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.,
'ill, p. 208, (1871); Streek., Lep., Rhop.-Het., p.
89, (1874).

Probably a var. of Phere.s.

145. FULLA, \V. H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Knt, Soc., Ill, p.
194, (1870); .(Plebeius F.) Kirby, Cat., p. 653,
(1871); (Lye. F.} Streek., Lep., Rhop.-Het., p. 89,
(1874); (Cupido F.) Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 11 S,

(1876).

S.California,
Nevada.

Nevada.

California.

California.

California.

98 rATALnorK OF THE

Lye. Fuliginosa, Streck., (nee Edwds.\ Lep., Rhop.
Het., p. 89, (1874).

146. S^EPIOLUS, BDL., Ann. Soc. Ent., Fr., 2me Ser. X, p. California,

297, (1852); (Polyom. 8.) Morris, Syn., p. 88, Nevada,
(1862); (Oupido 8.) Kirby, Cat,, p. 373, (1871); Colorado.
(Lye. S.} Streck., Lep., Rhop.-Het., p. 90, (1874);
Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 784, (1875); (Cupido
S.) Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 119, (1876).
ab. a. ? AEHA.JA, BEHR, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sc., Ill,
p. 280, (1867); (Rusficus A.} Scud., Buff. Bull.,
Ill, p. 121, (1876).
Cupido Achaja, Kirby, Cat., p. 366, (1871); (Lye. A.}

Streck., Lep., Rhop.-Het., p. 89, (1874).
Lye. Rufescens, BdL, Lep. Cal., p. 48, (1869);
Mead, Wheeler's Rep., \, p. 784, (1875).

A 9 form, dark fulvous on upper surface and brown beneath.

147. ICARIOIDES, BDL., Ann. Soc. Ent., Fr., 2rae Ser. X, p. California

297, (1852); (Polyom. I.) Morris, Syn., p. 88, Oregon
(1862); (Cupido I.) Kirby, Cat., p. 366, (1871); Colorado,
(Lye. /.) Streck., Lep., Rhop.-Het., p. 87, (1874), Nevada,
p. 120, (1876); (Cupido I.) Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, Brit Col
p. 119, (1876). Alaska,

Lye. Lycea, W. If. Edwds., Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil., II,
]>. 507, (1864); Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Ill, p. 273,
(1871); (Cupido L.} Kirby, Cat,, p. 377, (1871) ;
(Lye. L.) Streck., Lep., Rhop.-Het., p. 88, (1874) ;
Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 785, (1875).
ILye. Rapahoe, Reak., Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil., VI, p.
146, (1866); (Cupido R.) Kirby, Cat,, p. 377,
(1871); (Lye. R.} Streck., Lep., Rhop.-Het., p. 87,
t, X, f. 14, 15, (1874), p. 120, (1876); Mead,
Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 784, (1875).

Lye. Daedalus, ehr, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sc,, III, p.
280, (1867); (Cupido D.) Kirby, Cat., p. 366,
(1871) ; (Lye. D.} Streck., Lep., Rhop.-Het,, p. 90,
(1874).

Lye. Kodiak, W. H. Edwds., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.,

'ill, p. 20, (1870); (Cupido K.} Kirby, Cat,, p. 376,

(1871) ; (Lye. K.) Streck., Lep., Rhop.-Het., p. 87,

(1874) ; (Oupido K.} Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 120,

(1876).

var. a, MARICOPA, REAK., Proc. Acad. Nat, Sc., Phil.,
p. 245, (1866); (Cupido J/.) Kirby, Cat., p. 377,
(1871); (Lye. M.) Streck., Lep., Rhop.-Het,, p. 85,
(1874); (Cupido M.) Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 119,
(1876).

Lye. Pardalis, Behr, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sc., Ill, p. 279,

(1867); (Oupido P.) Kirby, Cat., p. 374, (1871);

(Lye. P.] Streck., Lep., Rhop.-Het., p. 89, (1874);

(Cupido P.] Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 119, (1876).

Lye. Erymus, Bdl., Lep. Cal., p. 48, (1869); (Cupido

AMERICAN MACROLEPIDOPTERA NORTH OF MEXICO.

99

E.) Kirby, Cat., p. 366, (1871) ; (Lye. E.} Streck.,

Lep., Rhop.-Het., p. 86, (1874).
Lye. Mintha, W. H. Edwds., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.,

Ill, p. 194, (1870) ; Streck., Lep., Rhop.-Het., p.

89, (1874); (Cupido M.} Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p.

119, (1876).
Plebeius Mincha, Kirby, Cat., p. 653, (1871).

A darker form.

The above synonymy of Icarioides I trust may prove correct.
Mr. Reakirt's original types of Rapahoe, both 9, (though er-
roneously determined ( 9 in the original description), are
my possession. Daedalus and Pardalis I received from

in

their author, Dr. Behr. Kodiak I likewise received from that
gentleman, who also had supplied Mr. W. H. Edwds. with
the examples on which the latter based his description. The
types of lA/cea, Maricnpa and Mintha I have not seen.

Mr. Edwds. says that Maricopa and Mintha are the same as the
var. Pardalis.

Mr. Scudder tells us that Pardalis $ is possibly identical with
Maricopa, which latter he pronounces distinct from fcarioides,
and that Pardalis 9- to which he places Erymus as a syno-
nym, is distinct, from both Maricopa and Icarioides.

Dr. Behr believes Rapahoe to be identical with his Dcedalus.
Mr. Edwds. says Dcedalus is a synonym of Icarioides, and that
Rapahoe is the same as Lycea. Mr. Scudder informs us that
both Rapahoe and Lycea are synonyms of Edwds.' Pembina,
whilst Mr. Edwds. holds Pembina to be a distinct species and
one that has not yet been barnacled with aliases.

t*148. PEMBINA, W. H. EDWDS., Proc. Aeacl. Nat. Sc., Phil.,

Slave Lake,

p. 224, (1862); (Thecla P.) Kirby, Cat., p. 401, Brit Col.
(1871); (Lye. P., incorrectly determined as identi-
cal with Couperi,) Streck., Lep., Rhop.-Het., p. 88,
(1874) ; (Cupido P.) Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 119,

(1876).

149. OBBITULUS, DEPRUNNER, (Pap. 0.)Lep. Piedmontana,

p. 75, (1798); Esp., Schmett., 1. 112, (1800); Ochs.,

Schmett., I, 2, 43, (1808); Hub., Eur. Schmett., I,

f. 841, (1818-1827); (Agriades 0.) Hub., Verz.

Bek. Schmett., p. 68, (1816); (Polyom. 0.} Godt.,

Enc. Meth., IX, p. 688, (1823); (Lye. 0.} Stgr.,

Cat., p. 11, (1871); (Oupido 0.) Kirby, Cat., p.

363, (1871); (Lye. 0.} Streck., Lep., Rhop.-Het.,

p. 86, t. X, (1874); (Agriades 0.) Scud., Buff.

Bull., Ill, p. 121, (1876).
Papilio Meleager, Hilb., Eur. Schmett., f. 522-525,

(1798-1803), f. 761-762, (1803-1818).
Lye. Rustica, W. H. Edwds., Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil.,

IV, p. 203, (1865); (Cbpido R.) Kirby, Cat., p.

377, (1871); '(Lye. R.) Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V,

p. 783, (1875).
Lye. Podarce, Feld., Reise Nov. Lep., II, p. 282, t.

35, (1865) ; (Cupido P.) Kirby, Cat., p. 363, (1871) ;

(Agriades P.) Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 120, (1876).
%Lyc. Tehama, Reak., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc., Phil., p.

246, (1866); (Cupido T.) Kirby, Cat, p. 377, (1871).

Colorada,

Nevada,

California.

100

CATALOGUE OF THE

Lyc. Cilia, Behr, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sc., Ill, p.

281, (1867); (Cupido C.) Kirby, Cat,, p. 363, (1871).

Lyc. Nestos, Bdl., Lep. Cal., p. 50, (1869); (Cupido

N.} Kirby, Cat., p. 363, (1871); (Lyc. A.) Streck.,

Lep., Rhop.-Het,, p. 87, (1874).

1 50. AQUILO, BDL., (Argus A.), Icones, I, p. 62, 1. 1 2, (1832) ;
Dup., Hist. Nat. Lep., Supl., I, 47, 6, 7, (1832);
(Lyc. A.) H-S., Schmett. Eur., I, f. 24, 25, (1843),
f. 343, 344, (1847); Walleug., Skand. Dagf'., p. 211,
(1847); Mosch., Wieu. Ent. Mon., IV, p. 343,
(1860) ; (Lyc. A.) Streck.. Lep., Rhop.-Het., p. 86,
(1874); (Agriades A.) Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p.
120, (1874).

Lyc. Orbitulus var. Aquilo, Stgr., Cat., p. 11, (1871).
Oupido Orbitulus var. Aquilo, Kit-by, Cat., p. 363,

(1871).
Lyc. Franklinii, Curtis, App. to Narr. Ross' 2d Voy.,

Nat. Hist., p. 69, t. A, (1835).

t*151. AMIGA, W. H. EDWDS., Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil., II, p.

80, (1 863) ; (Cupido A.} Kirby, Cat,, p. 376, (1871) ;

(Lyc. A.) Streck., Lep., Rhop.-Het, p. 85, (1874).

Agriades ? Orbitulus, Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 121,

(1876).
f*152. SPECIOSA, HY. EDWDS., Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sc., V,

p. 6, (1876).

t*153. CLARA, HY. EDWDS., Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sc., VI,
(1877).

154. HETERONEA, BDL., Ann. Soc. Ent., Fr., 2me Ser. X,
p. 298, (1852); (Polyom. H.} Morris, Syn., p. 89,
(1862); (Cupido If.) Kirby, Cat,, p. 363, (1871);
(Lyc. H.} Streck., Lep., Rhop.-Het., p. 92, t. X,
(1874); W. H. Edwds., Butt, N. Am., II, t. I,
Lycsena, (1875); Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 781,
(1875;; (Cupido H.} Scud., Buff. Bull. ,111, p. 120,
(1876).

(( 'hrysophanus, Hill).)

Labrador,

Arctic

America.

McKenzie's

. River, lirit.
Col.

KernCounty

California.

LosAngelos,

California.

California,

Colorada,

Utah.

155.

:U56.

SIRIUS, W. H. EDWDS., (C hrysophanus &), Trans. Am. Colorado.
Ent. Soc., Ill, p. 270, (1871); Butt. N. Am., II, t.
I, Chrysophanus, (1874) ; (Lyc. N.) Streck., Lep.,
Rhop.-Het., p. 92, t. X, (1874); (Chrysophanus tf.)
Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 781, (1875); (C7t7-
ceria S.) Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 126, (1876).

RUBIOUS, BEHR, (Chrysophanus R.}, Proc. Ent. Soc., Oregon,
Phil., VI, p. 208, (1866); W. H. Edwds., Butt. N. Montana,
Am., II, t. I, Chrysophanus, (1874); (Lyc. R.} Nevada.
Kirby, Cat., p. 345, (1871); Streck., Lep., Rhop.-
Het,,' p. 92, (1874).

Chalceria Rubida, Scud., Buff. Hull., Ill, p. 126,
(1876).

AMERICAN MACROLEPIDOPTERA NORTH OF MEXICO. 101

f*157. CUPREUS, W. H. EDWDS., (Chrysophanus C'.), Trans. (Oregon.
Am. Ent. Soc., Ill, p. 20, (1870) ; Butt. N. Am.,
II, t, I, Chrysophanus, (1874); (Lye. C.) Kirby,
Cat., p. 345, (1862); Streck., Lep., Rhop.-Het., p.

92, (1874).

Chalceria Cuprea, Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 125,
(1876).

158. PHL.EAS VAK. AMERICANA, D'URBAN, Can. Nat., V, Canada,

}>. 246, (1857); Harris, Ins. Inj. Veg., Flint's Ed., U. S. and

p. 273, (1862) ; Kirby, Cat., p. 344, (1871) ; Streck., Territories

Lep., Rhop.-Het., p. 91, (1874); (Polyom. A.} from Atlan-

Morris, Syn., p. 91 , (1 862). tic to Pacific.

Polyommatus Hypophlceas, Bdi, Ann. Soc. Ent,, Fr.,
2me Ser. X, p. 293, (1852); Morris, Syn., p. 84,
(1862); Kirby, Cat., p. 344, (1871); (Heodes H.}
Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 128, (1876).

^ab. a. 9 FASCIATA, NOB. All tlie black spots on upper surface Florida,
of primaries, save the one within the discoidal cell, are enor-
mously enlarged and confluent, forming a broad, somewhat
irregular, black band extending from costu to inner margin.
Under surface exactly as in common form.

Larva on Rumex AcetoseUa.

159. THOE, BDL., (Polyommatus T.), Gray. Griff. An. King., Canada, New

t. 58, (1832); Bdl.-Lec., Lep. Am. Sept., p. 125, t. England

38, (1833); Guer., Icon. Reg. An., t. 81, (1844); States, New

(Chrysophanus T.) West.-Hew., Gen. Diur. Lep., York, Penn-

II, p. 498, (1852); (Polyom. T.) Morris, Syn., p. sylvania,
84, (1862); (Lye. T.) Kirby, Cat., p. 343, (1871); 6hio,.Mich-
Streck., Lep., lihop.-Het,, p. 91, (1874); (Chryso- igan, Miime-
phanus T.) Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 127, (1876). sota, Kansas.
Larva on Polygonum.

160. EPIXANTHE, BDL.-LEC., (Polyommatus E.}, Lep. Am. British Co-

Sept,, p. 127, t. 38, (1833); Morris, Syn., p. 85, lumbia, New
(1862); (Lye. E.) Harris, Ins. Inj. Veg., Flint's England
Ed., p. 274, (1862); (Pott/oni. E.) Mosch., Stett. States, New
Ent. Zeit., p. 114, (1870); Stgr., Cat, Eur. Lep., p. York, Mirh-
8, (1871); (Lye. E.} Kirby, Cat., p. 343, (1871); igan, Wis-
Streck., Lep., Rhop.-Het., p. 90, (1874); (Epidemia cousin, Iowa.
K) Scud., Buff'. Bull., Ill, p. 128, (1876).
Lyctena Dorcas, Kirby, Faun. Bor. Am., IV, p. 299,
t. 4, (1837); (Chrysophanus 1>.) Dbldy.-Hew.,
Gen. Diur. Lep., 498, (1850-1852); (Lye. D.}
Kirby, Cat., p. 343, (1871); (Polyom. D.) Morris,
Syn., p. 90, (1862) ; (Epidemia D.) Scud., Buff. Bull.,

III, p. 128, (1876).

161. MARIPOSA, REAK., (Polyom. M.), Proc. Ent, Soc., California.
Phil., VI, p. 149, foot-note, (1866); (Lye. M.)
Kirby, Cat., p. 342, (1871); Streck., Lep., Rhop.-
Het., p. 91, t. X, (1874); (Epidemia M.) Scud.,
Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 127, (1876).

Polyommatus Nivalis, Bdl., Lep. Cal., p. 44, (1869).

102 CATALOGUE OF THE

162. HELLOIDES, BDL., (Polyommatus II.) Ann. Soc. Ent., California,

Fr., 2me Ser. X, p. 292, (1852); Morris, Syn., p. Oregon, Col-
86, (1862); (Lye. II.) Kirby, Cat,, p. 342, (1871); orado, etc.
Streck., Lep., Rhop.-Het, p. 91, t, X, (1874);
(ChrysopJtanus H.) Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p.
780, (1875); (Epidemla H.) Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill,
p. 128, (1876).

\Polyommatus Castro, Reak., Proe. Ent. Soc., Phil.,
VI, p. 148, (1866); (Lycccna C.) Kirby, Cat., p.
342, (1871); ((Chrysophanus C.) Mead/Wheeler's
Rep., V, p. 781, (1875).

163. ZEROE, BDL., (Polyommatus Z.}, Lep. Cal., p. 45, (1869) ; California,

(Epidcmia Z.) Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 127, (1876). Colorado,
Chrysophanus lanthe, W. H. Edwds., Trans. Am. Ent. Nevada, etc.
Soc., Ill, p. 211, (1871); (Li/c. I.) Streck., Lep.,
Rhop.-Het, p. 91, t. X, (1874); (( 'hrysophanas I.)
Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 781, (1875).

164. XANTHOIDES, BDL., (Polyom. A".), Ann. Soc. Ent., Fr., California.

2me Ser. X, p. 292, (1852); Lep. Cal., p. 45,
(1869); Morris, Syn., p. 86, (1862); (Lye. X.)
Kirby, Cat., p. 343, (1871); Streck., Lep., Rhop.-
Het,," p. 92, t, X, (1874); (Gaeides X.) Scud., Buff.
Bull., Ill, p. 126, (1876).
" Food-plant : Hemizonia"

var. a, DIONE, SCUD., (Chrysophanus /).), Proc. Bost. Wisconsin,
Soc. Nat, Hist., XI, p. 401, (1868) ; Trans. Chicago Iowa, Mis-
Acad. Sc., I, p. 330, (1869); (Lye. D.) Kirby, Cat., souri, Kan-
p. 343, (1871); Streck., Lep., Rhop.-Het,/ p. 92, sas.
(1874) ; (Gaeides D.} Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 126,
(1876).

Differs in ^ being uniformly same colour above as the <j\

165. GORGON, BDL., (Polyom. G.), Ann. Soc. Ent., Fr., 2me

Ser. X, p. 292, (1852) ; Morris, Syn., p. 86, (1862) ;
(Lye. G.) Kirby, Cat,, p. 343, (1871); Streck.,
Lep., Rhop.-Het., p. 90, t. X, d\ (1874); (Gaeides
G.) Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 126, (1876).

*f!66. HERMES, W. H. EDWDS., (Chrysophanus H.), Trans. California.
Am. Ent, Soc., Ill, p. 21, (1870) ; (Lye. H.) Kirby,
Cat., p. 345, (1871); Streck., Lep., Rhop.-Het., p.
91, (1874)'; (Tharsalia H.) Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill,
p. 125, (1876).

167. A ROTA, BDL., (J'olyom. A.} Ann. Soc. Ent,, Fr., 2me

California.

Ser. X, p. 293, (1852); Morris, Syn., p. 86, (1862);
(Lye. A.) Kirby, Cat., p. 343, (1871); Streck., Lep.,
Rhop.-Het., p'. 91, t, X, (1874); (Tharsalia A.)
Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 125, (1876).

168. 'VIRGINIENSIH, W. H. EDWDS., (Chrysophanus I 7 .), Nevada and
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Ill, p. 21, (1870); (Lyc.V.) adjoining
Kirby, Cat,, p. 345, (1871); Streck., Lep., Rhop.- territory.
Het.,' p. 91, t. X, (1874); (Tharsalia V.) Scud.,
Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 125, (1876).

AMERICAN MAOROT,EPir>OPTERA NORTH OF MEXICO. 1 < )3

In Kirby's Catalogue are cited the following apocryphal species :
On p." 376, No. 306, "Cupido Clara, Edw. (Lye. C.} Trans.
Amer. Enl, Soc. .1870. California." On p. 653, No. 42,
"L. Nais, Edw. (Chrys. N.) Trans. Amer. Ent. Hoc. 1871.
rnioAmer." No. 326, "Plebeius Embla, Edw. (Lye. E.)
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 1870. California." No. 328, "Ple-
heius Eunomia, Edw. (I/yc. E.) Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 1870.
California."

These four have no existence in nature nor are their descrip-
tions to he found in the work referred to. Mr. Scudder says
"These names were sent to Mr. Kirby as about to be pub-
lished, and by accident were never cancelled." Buff'. Bull.,
Ill, p. 124.

GENUS 3. FENISECA, GROTE.

169. TARQUINIUS, FABR., (Hesperia T.), Ent, Syst,, III, 1, p. Canada ;

.SI 9, (1793); (Pap. T.} Don., Ins. Inci., t. 44, United
(1800); Herhst, Natursyst. Ins. Schmett,, XI, p. ! States from
376, (1804); (Erydna T.} Godt,, Enc. Meth., IX, ; Atlantic to
p. 580, (1819); (Chrysophanus T.} Dhldy.-Hew., the Rocky
Gen. Piur. Lep., p. 499, t. 77, (1850-1852); (Feni- Mountains.
seca T.) Grote, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., II, p. 307,
(1869); (.' Lye. T.} Kirby, Cat., p. 345, (1871);
(Feneseea T.) Scud., Buff'. Bull., Ill, p. 129, (1876).

Polyommatus Cratcegi, Jjdl.Lcc., Lep. Am. Sept., p.
128, t. 37, (1833); Morris, Syn., p. 85, (1862).

Polyommatus Porsenna, Scud., Proc. Essex Ins., Ill,
p. 163, (1862); (f Lye. P.) Kirby, Cat,, p. 345,
(1871).
Larva on Alnus, Vaecinium, Viburnum.

GENUS 4. EUM^EUS, HUB.

170. ATALA, POEY, (Eumenia A.) Cent. Lep. Cuba, t. 2, (1832); Florida,

Guerin, Icon. Reg. An. Ins. texte, p. 489, (1844); Cuba.

(Eumceus A.} Dbldy.-Hew., Gen. Diur. Lep., t, 74,

(1850-1852); Kirby, Cat., p. 426, (1871) ; Scud.,

Buff'. Bull., Ill, p. 103, (1876).

Eumenca Toxea, Gray, Griff. An. King., XV, t. 43,
(1832); ( in erin, Icon. Reg. An. Ins., t, "80, (1844).

Larva on Zamia Pumila.

171. MINYAS, HUB., (Rusticus Adolescens M.), Sam. Ex. S. W. Texas,

Schmett., I, (1806-1816); (Eumceus M.) Verz. ! Mexico,

Bek. Schmett., p. 67, (1816); Kirby, Cat., p. 426,* Panama.

(1871).
Eumenia Minijas, Bdl., Sp. Gen., I, t. 21, (1836);

Cuv., Reg. An. Ins., II, t, 141, (1836); (Eumceus

M.) Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 103, (1876).
Eumenia Toxea, Godt., Ene. Meth., IX, p. 826,

(1823); Luc., Lep. Ex., t. 79, (1835).

104 CATALOGUE OF THE

FAMILY IV. ERYCINID^E.
GENUS 1. APODEMIA, FELD.

172. MOKMO, FELD., (Lemonias M.}, Wien. Ent. Mon., Ill, Utah, Xe-

p. 271, (1859); (Apod. M.} Reise Nov. Lep. II, p. vada, Arizo-

302, t. 37, (1865); (Lemonias M.) Morris, Syn., p. na, New
104, ( 1 862) ; (Apod. M.] Kirby, Cat., p. 324, (1871); Mexico.
(Chrysobia M.) Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 103,
(1876).

Nemeobim Dumeti, Behr, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sc.,
Ill, p. 178, (1865) ; (Lemonias I).} Mead, Wheel-
er's Rep., V, p. 786, (1875).

Chrysobia Mormonia, JBdl, Le]>. Cal., p. 52, (1869).
var. a, VIRGTTLTI, BEHK, (Nerneobius V.), Proc. Cal. S.California,
Acad. Nat. Sc., Ill, p. 178, (1865); (Apodemia V.) Arizona.
Kirby, Cat,, p. 324, (1871); (ChrysobiaV.) Scud.,
Buff.' Bull., Ill, p. 102, (1876).

Apodemia Sonorensis, Feld., Rei.se Nov. Lep., II, p.

303, (1865).

Lemonias < 'ythera, W. H. Kdwds., Trans. Am. Ent,
Soc., IV, p. 345, (1873); Mead, Wheeler's Rep.,
V, p. 786, t, XXXVI, c?, (1875); (Chrysobia ( '.)
Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 103, (1876).

This form is a little smaller and differs further in that the me-
dian row of spots on upper surface of secondaries is confluent,
forming a band, the inner edge of which is very irregular,
having a deep sinus opposite the middle cell ; this band is
fulvous, edged more or less with white on its inner margin.

GENUS 2. LEMONIAS, WEST.

173. PALMEKII, W. H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Ent, Soc., Ill, Utah.

]). 195, (1870) ; Kirby, Cat., p. 652, (1871) ; (Chryn-
obia P.) Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 103, (1876).

GENUS 3. CHARIS/HuB.

174. CJENEUS, LINN., (Pap. r.), Syst, Nat., Ed. XII, I, 2, Southern

]>. 796, (1767); (Charts < '.) Kirby, Cat,, p. 319, States from
(1871); ((\dephelis ('.} Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. Virginia to
102, (1876). Texas.

I'oli/stiehtis ( 'erea, Hiib., N'cr/. Bek. Schraett, p. \*.
(1816).

Eryeina Virginiensis, tidL, (Jriff, Cuv. An. Kinjr.,
XV, t. 58, (1832); (luer., Icon. Kco-. An. Ins., p.
489, t. 81, (1844).

Nymphidia Pumila, Bdl.-Lec., Lep. Am. Sept., p. 131,
't. 37, (1833); Morris, Syn., p. 104, (1862); ((.'//<-
phcli* P.] Grote, Can. Ent., V, |>. 144, (1873).

Chari* ( 'eretix, Dbldy., List Lep. li. M., II, p. 16,
(1847).

AMERICAN MACROLEPIDOPTERA NORTH OF MEXICO.

C/iaris Caenius, Cl.R., Trans. Am. Ent. Soe., II, j).

810, (1869).

175. BOREALIS, G.-R., (Nymphidia B.}, Ann. N. Y. Lye. Middle and
Nat, Hist, VIII, ]>. 351, (1866); (Charts B.} Western
Trans. Am. Ent. Hoc., II, p. 310, (1869); ( Chans \ States from
B.) Kirby, Cat., p. 319, (1871); (Calephelis B.} \ N. York to
Grote, Can. Ent,, V, p. 144, (1873); Scud., Buff. Illinois.
Bull., Ill, p. 102, (1876).

t*176. NEMESIS, W. H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Ent, Soc., Ill, Arizona.
p. 212, (1871); (Calephelis N.) Send., Buff. Bull.,:
Ill, p. 102, (1876).

FAMILY V. LIBYTHEIDJE.
GENUS 1. LIBYTHEA, FABR.

269,

283,

177. BACHMANI, KIRTLAND, Sill. Jnl. Sc., 2, Ed. XIII, p.

336, (1852); Morris, Syn., ]>. 63, (1862); Saund.,

Can. Ent., I, p. 25, f. 'l, (1868); W. H. Edwds.,

Butt, N. Am.. II, t. I, Liby., (1874).

Hypatus Bachmanii, Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p.

(1875).

Lib. Motya var. a. Bachmani, Kirby, Cat., p.
(1871).
Larva on Celtis Octidentalis.

17<s. CARINENTA, CRAM., (Pap. C.), Pap. Exot, II, t. 108,
(1779); (Lib. C.) Godt, Enc. Meth., IX, p. 170,
(1819); Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 772, (1875);
(Hypatus C.) Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 269, (1875).

FAMILY VI.

Canada, U.S.
from Atlan-
tic to Texas
and Kansas
inclusive*;
rare north,
commoner
south.

Arizona, N.
Mex.,Mex.,

Cent, Am.,
Surinam.

GENUS 1. DANAIS, LATE.

179. PLEXIPPUS, LINN., (Pap. P.), Syst Nat., Ed. X, p.
471, (1758); Mus. Lud. Ulr., p. 262, (1764);
Cram., Pap. Ex., Ill, t. 206, E, F, (1782);
DeBeauv., Ins. Air. et Am., p. 172, t. IV, f. 1 a,
1 b, (1805); (Danaida P.) Latr , Hist. Nat. Crust.
et Ins., XIV, p. 108, (1805); (Danaus P.) Latr.,
Gen. Crust, et Ins., IV, p. 200, (1809); (Idea P.)
Esch., Kotzeb. Reise, III, p. 209, t, 7, (1821);
(Danaus P.) Say, Am. Ent., Ill, t. 54, (1828);
Peale, Lep. Am", I, t. 7, (1833); (Danaida P.]
Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 245, (1875).
Papilio Erippus, Cram., Pap. Ex., I, t, 3, A, B,

(1779); (Danais E.) Kirby, Cat, p. 7, (1871).
Papilio Archippus, Fabr., Ent. Syst., Ill, 1, p. 49,
(1793); Abb.-Sm., Ins. Ga., I, t. 6, (1797); Brown,
Const. Mis. Butt, I, p. 156, t. 23, (1832); (Dana in
A.) Bdl.-Lec., Lep. Am. Sept., p. 137, 1 40, (1833);
Morris, Syn., p. 38, (1862); Harris, Ins. In). Veg.,

Canada ;
j U. S. and
! Territories
from Atlan-
tic ^Pacific;
Antilles;
Mex. ; Cent.
Am.; N.Gra-
nada ; Ven-
ezuela ;
Guiana ;
Australia.

106

CATALOGUE OF THE

Flint's Ed., p. 280, (1862); Saunders, Can. Ent.,

V, pp. 4-S, f. 1-5, (1873); W. H. Edwds., 1. c., p.

9, (1873); Mead, Wheeler's Eep., V, p. 750, (1875).
Danais Archippe, Godt., Ene. Meth., IX, p. 184,

(1819).
Anosia Megalippe, Hub., Sam. Exot. Schmett., II,

(1806-1824).
Anosia Menippe, Hub., Verz. Bek. Schmett., p. 16,

(1816).

-, Petiver, Mus., 52, n. 527

1703).

Cateisby, Nat. Hist, Car.

(1696-
[I, p. 88,

Apalachico-

la, Florida.

Baltimore,

Md.

t. 88, (1743).

Var. a. Generally smaller. Ground colour dull, much suffused
with black, especially on primaries,

Jab. b. (^ Black marginal band destitute of all white spots ; the white
spots of subapical band minute, almost obsolete. Mus. Streck.

Var. C. Not bright ; more the colour of Berenice, but not so dark.

4^lb. d. <-? Ground colour on both surfaces of right hand primary
pure white. Analogous examples of this partial albinism
are not unfrequent among the copper Lyaenidse. Mus. Streck.

Larva, on various species of milkweed (Asclepias) ;
also on bitter root (Apocynum AndroscBmifoliuiri).

Catesby's figure, which is cited by Linn, in the Syst. Nat., Ed.
X, and other editions, also in Mus. Lud. Ulr., is, though
crude, a fair representation in form and colour, and is the
earliest reliable figure I have been able to examine of our
species. Under Plexippus Linn, also cites fig. 5, 6, t. 239, in
Sloane's Jamaica. These figures, however, do not represent
this species at all, but the upper and under surfaces of D.
Berenice.

I have strong doubts if Cramer's Erippus, fig. A, B, t. 15, in
Vol. I, Pap. Ex., represents our species at all, but think it
more likely to have been meant for the allied Brazilian
Piexuare, Godt., at least to judge by the white which accom-
panies the venation of under side of secondaries.

Perhaps one of the most remarkable occurrences in connection
with this, the commonest of all ourN. Am. butterflies, is that
within the last few years it has appeared in great numbers
in Australia, and bids fair to be, if not already, as plentiful
there as with us. It is worthy of some thought, "not that it
is curious or rare, but how the devil it got there;" possibly
and probably the chrysalis or larva, or even the. perfect in-
sect, through commerce was carried from San Francisco to
some not very distant point in the Pacific, and in due time
from thence further, and so on.

180. BERENICE, CRAM., (Pap. B.}, Pap. Exot., Ill, t. 205, E, s. ( 'arolina,
F, (1782); (Danais B.) Bdl.-Lec., Lep. Am. Sept., . Geonm the
p. 134, t, 39, (1833); Morris, Syn., p. 37, (1862) ; i Gul
Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 750, (1875); (Anoxia \\ I
B.) Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 246, (1875). Mexico.

Pap. Erippus, Fabr., (nee Cram.), Mant. Ins., II, p.
27, (1787).

Anosia Erippe, Hub., Verz. Bek. Schmett., p, 16,
(1816); (Danais E.}Godt,, Euc. Meth., IX, p. 186,
(1819).

AMERICAN MACROLEPIBOPTERA NORTH OF MEXICO.

LOT

Texas ; Mex-

ico
Am.

Cent.

Papilio Gilippus, Abb. Smith, (nee Cram., t.6,f."C, D),

Ins. Ga., I, t. 7, (1797); (Danais <?.) Kirby, Cat.,

p. 7, (1871).

, Sloane, Jamaica, II, p. 214, n. VIII,

t, 239, f. 5, 6, (1725).

Larva on milkweed (Asclepias}.
var. a. STRIGOSA, BATES, Ent. Mon. Mag., I, p. 32,

(1864); (Anosia S.) Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 246,

(1875).
Dan. Gilippus var. Strigosa, Kirby, Cat., p. 7, (1871).

Differs only in that on upper surface of secondaries the veins
as far as to the black margin are narrowly edged with ob-
scure whitish grey.

Vincetoxici, (Limnasferruginm et Anosia), of Hubner is not our
species, but the Gilippus of Cram., a S. Am. insect paler in
colour and with more white spots.

GENUS 2. CERATINIA, FABR.

181. LYCASTE, FABR,, (Pap. L.), Ent, Syst,, III, 1, p. 161,! Los Angelos,
(1793) ; (Ceratinia L.} Reak., Proc. Ent, Soc., Phil., | California.
V, p. 218-219, (1865) ; (Dynothea L.} 1. c., p. 222 ;
(Ithomia L.) Kirby, Cat, p. 26, (1871) ; (Dynothea
L.} Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 246, (1875).
Jvar. a, XEGRETA, EEAK., Proc. Ent, Soc., Phil., V, p. 220, j
(1865); (Ithomia N.) Kirby, Cat,, p. 26, (1871);
(Dynothea N.) Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 247, (1875).

Differs principally from the type form in the presence of a
black spot in end of cell of secondaries.

This var. is close to var. Panamensis, Bates, but differs from it
in the presence of the black in middle cell of secondaries and
in the absence of the three white submarginal spots on same.

GENUS 3. MECHANITIS, FABR.

J182. CALIFORNIA, REAR., Proc. Ent, Soc., Phil., V, p. 223,
(1865); Kirby, Cat., p. 24, (1871); Scud., Buff'.
Bull., IT, p. 247, (1875).

FAMILY VII. HELICON I IKE.
GENUS 1. HELICONIUS, LATE.

183. CHARITHONIA, LINN., (Pap. C.), Syst. Xat,, Ed. XII,
2, p. 757, (1767); (Hd. C.) Kirby, Cat,, p. 141,
(1871).

Pap. Charitonia, Fftbr., Syst. Ent., p. 462, (1775);
Cram., Pap. Ex., II, t. 191, (1779); (Apostraphia
C.) Hiib., Verz. Betf. Schmett., p. 13, (1816);
(Heliconia C.) .Godt,, Enc. Meth., IX, p. 210,
(1819); Bdl.-Lec., Lop. Am. Sept., p. 140, t. 41,
(1833); Lucas, Pap. Ex., p. 95, t. 50, (1835);
Morris, Syn., p. 39, (1862); (Apostraphia C.} Scud.,
Buff. Bull., II, p. 247, (1875).

, tiloane, Hist, Jamaica, II. t. 239, f.
15, 16, (1725).

Los Angelos,
California.

Florida,
West Indies.

108 CATALOGUE OF THE

FAMILY VIII. NYMPHALIDJC.
GENUS 1. COL.ENIS, HUE.

184. JULIA, FABR., (Pap. ./.), Syst, Ent,, p. 509, (1775); Texas, Mex-

(Dryas phalerata J.} Hiih., Sam. Ex. Schmett., ico, Cent.

(1806-1816); (Colcenis J.) Verz. Bek. Schmett.,, Am., Brazil.

p. 32, (1816); (Cethoftia J.) Godt,, Enc. Meth., IX,

p. 244, (1819); Lucas, p. 102, t, 53, (1835); (Co-

fcenis J.) Kirhy, Cat,, p. 147, (1871); Scud., Buff.

Bull., II, p. 257, (1875).
Pap. Alcionea, Cram., Pap. Ex., Ill, t, 215, f. A, F,

G, (1782).
Pap. Alcyonea, Herbst, Natursyst, Schmett., t. 67,

(1783-1804).

-, Seba, Thes., IV, t. 4, f. 19, 20, (1765). Texas, Mex-

185. DELILA, FABR., (Pap. />.), Syst. Ent., p. 510, (1775); ico, Cuba,

(Colcenis D.} Hiib., Verz. Bek. Schmett., p. 32, Cent. Am.,
(1816); (Cethosia D.) Godt,, Enc. Meth., IX, p. Surinam.
244, (1819); (Cbfenis D.) Kirhy, Cat., p. 147,
(1871); Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 257, (1875).
Pap. Ciltene, Cram., Pap. Ex., Ill, t. 215, f. D, E,
(1782).

, Sloane, Hist. Jamaica, II, t. 239, f.
21, 22, (1725).

GENUS 2. AGRAULIS, BDL.-LEC.

186. VANILLA, LINX., (Pap. T 7 .), Syst. Nat., Ed. X, p. 482, United

(1758); Mus. Lud. Ulr., p. 306, (1764); Syst. Nat,,': States from
Ed. XII, I, 2, p. 787, (1767); Clerck, Icones, t. Virginia
40, (1764); Sulzer, Abg. Gesch., t. 18, (1776); southward,
Cram., Pap. Ex., Ill, t. 212, (1782); Fabr., and from the
Mant. Ins., II, p. 64, (1787) ; Stoll., Suppl., t. 1, f. Atlantic to
7 A, 7 B, Lar. et Pup., (1787-1791) ; Herbst, Na- the Pacific ;
tursyst., t, 254, (1783-1804); DeBeauv., Ins. Afr. ! Antilles;
et Ain., p. 208, t, 11 c, f. 2 a, 2 b, (1805); (Dryas \ Mexico ;
Phalerata V.) Hiib., Sam. Ex. Schmett,, I, (1806); Cent, Am.;
(Diane V.) Hiib.,Verz. Bek. Schmett., p. 31, (1816); N. Granada ;
(Arqynnis V.) Godt,, Enc. Meth., IX, p. 262, Venezuela ;
(1819); Bdl.-Lec., Lep. Am. Sept., p. 143, t. 42, Guiana; Bra-
(1833); (Agraulis V.} Morris, Syn., p. 40, (1862); zil ; Bolivia.
Kirby, Cat, p. 148, (1871); Hy. Edwds., Proc. [
Gal.' Acad. Nat, Sc., Lar., (July, 1874); Scud., j
Buff'. Bull., II, p. 255, (1875).

Pap. Passaflorcs, Fabr., Ent. Syst, III, 1, p. 60,
(1793) ; Abb.-Sm., Ins. Ga., I, t. 12, (1797).
, Merian, Ins. Sur., 25, (1719).
, Shane, Hist, Jamaica, II, t, 239, f.
23, 24, (1725).

ab. a. Ground colour of upper surface olivaceous instead of red.
Larva on blue and scarlet passion flower (Passaflora
(Jcerulea et Incarnata).

AMERICAN MACROLEPIDOPTERA NORTH OF MEXICO. 109

GENUS 3. EUPTOIETA, DBLDY.

187. CLAUDIA, CRAM., (Pap. C.}, Pap. Ex., I, t. 69, f. E, F, U. S. from

(1779); (Dryas fucata ('.) Hiib., Samm. Ex. Penna.
Schmett., I, (1806-1816); (Brentlii* C) Verz. Bek. southward
Schmett., p. 30, (1816); (Argynnis C.} Dbldy., and from the
List Lep. B. M., I, p. 67, (1844); Dbldy.-Hew., Atlantic to
Gen. Dinr. Lep., p. 170, (1850-1852) ; Chenu, Pap. the Rocky
Diur., f. 192, (1851-1857); (JSup. C.) Reak., Proc. Mts. ; Ari-
Ent. Soc., Phil., VI, p. 136, (1866); W. H. Edwds., zona ; New
Can. Ent., II, p. 163, (1870); Kirby, Cat,, p. 154, Mexico.
(1871); Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 750, (1875);
Send., Buff. Bull., II, p. 258, (1875).

Pap. Clausius, Herbst, Natursyst. Ins., IX, p. 189, t.
257, (1798).

Argynnis Colurnbina, Godt., (ncc Fabr.}, Enc. Meth.,
IX, p. 260, (1819) ; Bell. -Lee,, Lep. Am. Sept., p.
153, t. 44, (1833); Morris, Syn.. p. 44, (1862).
Larva on violets, Podophyllum, Sedum, Passiflora, >
? Portulacca.

188. HEGESIA, CRAM., (Pap. H.}, Pap. Ex., Ill, t. 209, E, S.California,

F, (1782); (Eup. H.}, Kirby, Cat,, p. 154, (1871). Mexico, W.
Pap. Columbina, Fabr., Ent, Syst,, III, 1, p. 148, Indies, Cent.

(1793); (Arg. C.) Godt., Enc! Meth., IX, p. 260, Am., Chili.

(1819).
Pap. Daunius, Herbst, Natursyst. Schmett., IX, p.

184, t, 256, (1798).
Argynnis Hnrtensia, Blanch., Gay, Faun. Chil., VII,

p. 23, (1852); Kirby, Cat., p. 159, (1871).

GENUS 4. ARGYNNIS, EABR.

189. DIANA, ('RAM., (Pap. D.}, Pap. Ex., II, t, 98, I), E, d\ W. Virginia,

(1779); Fabr., Sp. Ins., p. 1 10, cT, (1781) ; Ent. Georgia,
Syst,, III, p. 145, (1793); (Arg. D.} Godt, Enc. Kentucky,
Meth., IX, p. 257, (1819) ; Say, Am. Ent,, I, t, 17, Tennessee,
c?, (1824) ; Herbst, Natursyst. Schmett,, IX, p. 169, Arkansas,
t, 253, (1798); Bdl.-Lec./Lep. Am. Sept., p. 149,
(1833); Morris, Syn., p. 42, c?, (1862); W. H.
Edwds., Proc. Ent, Sot;., Phil., Ill, p. 431, 9,
(1864); Butt. X. Am., I, t, 1, Arg., c??, (1868) ;
1. c., II, t, VII, Arir.. ()v. Lar. et Pup., (1876);
Can. Ent., VI, j). 121, (1874); Feld., Reise Nov.
Lep., Ill, p. 394, t. 50, (1867) ; Kirby, Cat,, p. 155,
(1871); (Scmnopsychc. D.} Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p.
258, (1875).

Larva on the various species of violets, both wild
and cultivated.

190. IDALIA, DRU., (Pap. I.\ 111. Ex. Ent., I, t. 13, (1773); U. S. from

Cram., Pap. Ex., I, t, 44, (1779); Fabr., Syst, Ent,, Mass. toWis.
p. 516, (1775); Ent. Syst., Ill, p. 145,' (1793); Arkansas &

Louisiana.

110

CATALOGUE OF THE

Herbst, Natursyst. Schmett., IX, t. 252, (1798);
(Acidalia I.) Hub., Verz. Bek. Schmett., p. 31,
(1816); (Arg. /.) Godt,, Enc. Meth., IX, p. 263,
(1819); Bdl.-Lec., Lep. Am. Sept., p. 147, t, 43,
(1833); Lucas, Pap. Ex., p. 108, t. 56, (1835);
Morris, Syn., p. 41, (1862); Harris, Ins. Inj. Veg.,
Flint's Ed., p. 285, f. 110, (1862); Kirby, Cat,, p.
156, (1871); (Speyeria L) Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p.
258, (1875); (Pap. I.} Brown, Constable's Mis.,

III, Butt., }>. 40, t. 2, (1834).

al>. a. 9 ASHTAROTH, FISHER, Proe. Acad. Nat. Sc., Sehooley's
Phil., p. 352, (1852); Morris, Syn., p. 47, (1862) ;' Mountain,
Kirby, Cat,, p. 157, (1871). ! N. Jersey.

Arg. Astarte, Fisher, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc., Phil., p. j
179, t, 2, (1858); (Speyeria A.} Scud., Buff. Bull.,
II, p. 258, (1875).

Above the spots and marks of primaries suffused and confluent,
forming heavy black streaks between the veins and connect-
ing with the black outer margin. Secondaries destitute of
the two rows of white spots. Beneath primaries marked as
above and with the black streaks in the cells heavily suffused
with silver. Secondaries with the basal half silver and the outer
half dark brown with blackish streaks between the veins;
five subnaarginaJ silver spots, two only at all conspicuous,
the ftthers merely a few scales. Mus. Streck.

Fisher changed the name Astarte, under which it was origin-
ally described, to Ashtaroth., owing to the former being pre-
occupied by a species in Dbldy.-Hew., Diur. Lep., t. 23, f. 5.

Larval food is, probably, in common with that of

the other species, various kinds of violets.

J191. EDWARDS!!, REAK., Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil., VI, p. 137, Colorado.
(1866); W. H. Edwds., Butt, N. Am., I, t. 11,
Arg., (1869); Kirby, Cat,, p. 160, (1871); Scud.,!
Buff. Bull., II, p. '260, (1875); Mead, Wheeler's!
Rep., V, p. 754, (1875).
Arg. Aglaia, W. H. Edwds., Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil.,

II, p. 504, (1864).

var. a, NEVADENSLS, W. H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Ent. Montana,
Soc., Ill, p. 14, (1870); Butt. N. Am., I, t. 14, Nevada,
Arg., (1871); Kirby, Cat., p. 647, (1871); Scud J Utah, Call-
Buff. Bull., II, p. 260, (1875). loniia.

Wings somewhat broader. Under surface of secondaries in 9
not greenish ; . generally with the space between the two
outer rows of silver spots pale buff' colour in both sexes.

var. b. MEADII, W. H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Ent, Soc., Colorado,

IV, p. 67, (1872); Butt, N. Am., II, t. 2, Arg., Montana.
(1875); Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 260, (1875);

Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 755, (1875).

Smaller. Green of under side of secondaries brighter.

192. NOKOMIS, W. H. EDWDS., Proc, Acad. Nat, Sc., Phil., Ari/ona.
p. 221, (1862); Butt, N. Am., I, t, -1, Ar u ., (18C.S);
Reak., Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil., VI, p. 136, (1866);
Kirby, Cat., p. 157, (1871); Scud., Buff. Bull., 11,
p. 259, (1875); Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 751,
t. 35, (1875).

AMERICAN MACROLEPIDOPTERA NORTH OF MEXICO.

Ill

193. CYBELE, FABR., (Pap. f'.), Syst. Ent., p. 516, (1775); Canada, U.S.
Ent, Syst., Ill, p. 145, (1793); Herbst, Xatursyst. from Maine
Schmett, IX, p. 178, t, 255, (1798); (Addalia C.) to Virginia
Hub., Verz. Bek. Schmett., p. 31, (1816); (Arg. C.) and west-
Godt, Enc. Meth., IX, p. 260, (1819); Bdl.-Lec., ward to
Lep. Am. Sept., }). 151, t. 45, (1833); Kirby, Faun. Kansas.
Am. Bor., IV, p. 289, (1837); Morris, Syn., p. 42,
(1862); W. H. Edwds., Butt. X. Am'., I, t. 2,
Arg.,(1868); Can. Ent., VI, p. 121, (1874); Kirby,
Cat., p. 157, (1871); Saunders, Can. Ent., IV, p.
121, Lar., (1872); Srud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 259,
(1875).

Arg. Daphnis, Cram., (Pap. I).), Pap. Ex., I, t. 57,
('1779).
Larva on violets.

|ab. a. o BAAL, NOB. Upper surface primaries, submarginal Ohio,
lunules confluent with the row of round black spots interior
to them. Secondaries, submarginal line wanting, submar-
ginal lunules connected and suffused, forming an irregular
jagged line; the row of spots interior to this almost obsolete,
other marks suffused. Under surface primaries, all black
marks increased and more or less confluent. Secondaries,
over one-third of wing (basal part) silver, rest reddish brown,
paler towards exterior margin ; an irregular, rather broad,
submarginal band formed of confluent silver lunules and
spots. Mus. Streek.

var. b. LETO, BEIN;, Proc. Cal. Acad. Xat. Sc., IF, p. Oregon, Cal-
173, (1858-1862); W. H. Edwds., Proc. Ent, Soc., ifornia.
Phil., p. 434, (1864); Butt. X. Am., I t. X, Arg.,
(1869); Kirby, Cat., p. 157, (1871); Struck., Lep.,
Rhop.-Het., p. 106, (1875); Scud., Buff. Bull., II,
p. 259, (1875).
Arg. Ci/bele, BdL, Lep. Cal., p. 60, (1869).

Upper surface, ground colour of ^ same red as the normal
form or a little darker, of 9 pale yellow or yellowish white,
which colour is however confined mainly to the outer third
of wings, the basal and discal parts being black or blackish
brown. cf 9 w ' tM silver spots of under side of secondaries
very small.

t*194. XITOCRIS, W. H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Ent, Soc., V, p.
15, (1874); Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 751,
(1875); Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 259, (1875).

t*195. CARPENTERII, W. H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.,

V, p. 204, (1876).

196. APHRODITE, EAER., (/'/>. A.), Mant. Ins., II, p. 62,
(1787); Ent. Syst., Ill, 1, p. 144, (1793); (Arg. A.)
Godt,, Enc. Meth., IX, p. 264, (1819); Morris,
Syn., p. 43, (1862); Harris, Ins. Iiij. Veg., Flint's
Ed., p. 285, 286, f. Ill, (1862); W. H. Edwds.,
Butt, X. Am., t. 3, Arg., (1868); Pack., Guide, p.
253, f. 183, (1869); Kirby, Cat., p. 157, (1871);
Can. Ent., VI, p. 121, Lar., (1874); Mead, Wheel-
er's Rep., V, p. 752, (1875) ; Scud., Buff. Bull., II,
p. 259, (1875).

Ari/ona.

Canada, U.S.
from Maine
to Virginia
and west-
ward to Col-
orado.

112

CATALOGUE OF THE

198.

t*199.

t*200.

t*201.

202.

203.

204.

205.

Pap. Dapknis, Marti/n, Psyche, t. 3, f. 7, t. 4, f. 9,
(1797).

Larva on violets.

var. a, ALCESTIS, W. H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Ent.
Soc., V, p. 289, (1876).

<^\ ground colour under surface all wings uniform cinnamon
brown, seldom much indication of the buff' space between the
last row of silver spots and the submarginal lunnles. 9>
ground colour under side secondaries uniform very dark
ferruginous.

al). b. V. Whole upper surface obscured with blackish brown;
no defined marks visible save one in cell of primaries. Un-
der surface primaries, all black marks very much enlarged,
in many parts confluent. Secondaries with very dark ground
colour, silver spots as in usual form.

HALCYONE, W. H. EDWDS., Butt. N. Am., I, t, 9,

Arg., (1868); Kirby, Cat., p. 158, (1871); Scud.,
Buff. Bull., II, p. 260, (1875); Mead, Wheeler's
Rep., V, p. 754, (1875).

From Mr. Edwds.' figure should suppose this to be the same as
Aphrodite.

ATLANTIS, W. H. EDWDS., Proc. Acad. Nat Sc., Phil.,
p. 54, (1862); Butt. N. Am., I, t. 5, Arg., (1869);
Can. Ent, IX, p. 35, (1877) ; Pack., Guide, p. 252,
(1869); Kirby, Cat, p. 158, (1871); Mead, Wheel-
er's Rep., V, p. 754, (1875); Scud., Buff. Bull., II,
p. 260, (1875).
Larva on violets.

NAUSICA, W. H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., V, p.
104, (1874); Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 752,
(1875).

COLUMBIA, Hv. EDWDS., Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sc.,
VI, (1877).

LILIANA, Hv. EDWDS., Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sc., VI,
(1876).

CORONIS, BEHR, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat Sc., II, p. 173,
n. 2, (1858-1862); \V. H. Edwds., Proc. Ent. Soc.,
Phil., Ill, p. 435, (1864); Kirby, Cat, p. 158,
(1871); Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 260, (1875).
Arg. Juba, BdL, Lep. Cal., p. 60, (1869).

CALLIPPE, BDL., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 2rne Ser. X, p.
302, (1852); Morris, Syn., p. 46, (1862); Behr,
Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat Sc., II, p. 172, n. 1, (1858-
1862); W. H. Edwds., Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil., Ill,
p. 434, (1864); Butt N. Am., I, t 6, Arg., (1868);
Kirby, Cat, p. 158, (1871); Scud., Buff. Bull., II,
p. 260, (1875).

BREMNERII, W. H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.,
IV, p. 63, (1872); Butt. N. Am., II, t 4, Art;-.,
(1874); Scud., Buff. Bull, II, p. 260, (1875).

MONTICOLA, BEHR, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sc., II, p.
175, (1858-1862), 1. c., Ill, p. 84, (1863); W. H.
Edwds., Proc. Eut Soc., Phil., Ill, p. 436, (1864);

Colorado.

i S. Labrador,
Can., Lake
Sup. Region,

I N. E. States,
N. Y., Pa.,
west'n States
toRoc'yMts.
Ari/ona.

British Co-
lumbia.

/amorniu.
California.

California.

Vancouver's
Is., Wash.
TV., Oregon.
California,

AMERICAN MACROLEPIDOPTERA NORTH OF MEXICO.

113

Butt, N. Am., I, t. 8, Arg., (1868); Kirby, Cat.,
p. 158, (1871); Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 261, (1875).
'Arg. Zerene, BdL, Ann. Soc. Ent., Fr., 2me Ser. X,
p. 303, (1852) ; (Melitcea Z.) Morris, Syn., p. 53,
(1862).

var. a. RHODOPE, W. H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Ent.
Soc., V, p. 15, (1874); Butt. N. Am., II, t. 6,
Arg., (1874) ; Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 260, (1875).

Differs in* the under surface of secondaries being darker col-
oured ; sometimes obscured with blackish on disc between
the second and third row of spots. In $ the spots are more
or less silvered ; in 9 the submarginal lunules sometimes
silvered, sometimes pale yellow ; all the other spots pale
yellow.

var. b. BEHRENSII, W. H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Ent.
Soc., II, p. 370, (1869); Butt. N. Am., I, t. 12,
Arg., (1870); Kirby, Cat., p. 163, (1871); Scud.,
Buff. Bull., II, ]). 260, (1875).

Under surface of secondaries in both sexes deep ferruginous
with more or lews of a paler greyish tint between the outer
row of spots and the submarginal lunules; all the spots bril-
liant silver. The greatest difference between this and the
preceding variety is in the females ; between the males it is
notfmuch.

f*var. c. PURPURASCENS, HY. EDWDS., Proc. Cal. Acad.
Nat. Sc., VI,|(1876).

This may prove to be one or the other of the above forms.

206. HESPERLS, W. H. EDWDS., Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil., II,
p. 502, (1864); lleak., 1. c., VI, p. 139, (1866);
W. H. Edwds., Butt. N. Am., I, t. 7, Arg., (1868);
Kirby, Cat., p. 158, (1871); Scud., Buff. Bull., II,
p. 261, (1875); Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 754,
(1875).

1*207. INORNATA, W. H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., IV,
p. F 64, (1872); Butt. N. Am., II, t. 5, Arg., (1876);
Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 261, (1875).

208. ZERENE,\BDL., Ann. Soc. Ent., Fr., 2me Ser. X, p.
303, (1852); Behr, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sc., II,
p. 175, n. 9, (1858-1862); W. H. Edwds., Proc.
Ent, Soc., Phil., Ill, p. 436, (1864) ; Butt. N. Am.,
I, t, 13, Arg., (1870); Kirby, Cat, p. 158, (1871);
Scud., Buff.Bull., II, p. 261, (1875).
Arg. Hydaspe, BdL, Lep. Cal., p. 60, (1869).

Under the name of Zerene Dr. Boisduval in 1852 placed both
this and r t IK- species afterwards described by I)r. Rcltr ;is
Monticola. In 1869, premising that he had confounded two
species, he renamed this one Ilydaspe and retained Zerene for
the species which in the interim (1863) Dr. Behr had sepa-
rated as Monticola; of course Dr. Behr's name will stand for
the latter and Dr. BoisduvaPs for the present, whilst Hydaspe
sinks into a synonym.

var. a. IRENE, BDL., (Arg. Egteis var. Irene), Lep. Cal.,

p. 59, (1869).
Arc/. Montivago, Kirby, (nee Behr}, Cat,, p. 159, ( 1 S71).

Brit, Col.,

Oregon,

California.

Meudocino,

Shasta,

California.

Oregon.

Colorado,
Utah.

California.
California.

California.

114

CATALOGUE OF THE

Arg. Irene, Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 261, (1875).

Submarginal lunules on under surface of secondaries in both
sexes silver ; all other spots whitish yellow as in Zerene.

var. b. MORMOXIA, BDL., Lep. Cal., p. 58, (1869); California.

Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 261, (1875).
Arg. Montivago, W. H. Edwds., Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil.,

Ill, p. 435, n. 5, (1864).
Arg. Nenoquis, Kirby, (nee Reak.), Cat., p. 160, (1871).

All spots on under side of secondaries silver.

var. c. MONTIVAGO, BEHR, Proc. Cal. Acacl. Nat. Sc., California.
II, p. 174, n. 4, (1858-1862), 1. c., IIIj p. 84, (1863) ;
Kirby, Cat., p. 159, (1871); Scud., Buff. Bull., II,
p. 261, (1875).
Arg. Egleis, Bdl., Lep. Cal., p. 59, (1869).

Very close to Mormonia, if not, as I believe, identical. Ground
colour of under surface appears to be paler than in that form,
and in some instances with only the subruarginal lunules of
secondaries silver.

?var. d. RUPESTRIS, BEHR, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat, Sc., California.
II, p. 175, n. 6, (1858-1862), 1. c., Ill, p. 84,
(1863); W. H. Edwds., Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil., Ill,
' p. 435, (1864) ; Butt, N. Am., II, t. 7, Arg., (1X7(5) ;
Kirby, Cat., p. 159, (1871); Scud., Buff. Bull., II,
p. 261, (1875).

Black markings heavier, with a tendency to suffusion. Sub-
marginal lunules of under side of secondaries partly silver,
sometimes all the spots more or less silvered.

209. EURYNOME, W. H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., IV, Colorado,
p. 66, (1872); Butt. N. Am., II, t. 1, Arg., (1875);
Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 755, (1875) ; Scud.,
Buff. Bull., II, p. 260, (1875).

? Arg. Astarte, W. H. Edwds., (nee Dbldy.}, Proc. Ent.
Soc., Phil., I, p. 221, (1862).

This is not the "n. 4 Astarte" of Edwds. in Proc. Ent. Soc.,
Phil., Ill, p. 435, which is species (.No. 210) described below
as follows:

1210. ARGE, NOB. This name I have given to a smaller allied species (Jalltornia.
from California, which has been sometimes mistaken for
Muntivayo, and which may be a Pacific coast var. of Ea-
rynome. It expands 1^-1| inches; is on upper surface a
trifle more red in colour, otherwise much the same as in that
species. Beneath the primaries, except along the costa and
towards the apex where they are buffj are tinged with red ;
in some cases the three or four marginal lunules nearest apex
are silver, often er not. Secondaries reddish buff', palest be-
tween the marginal lunules and the last row of silver spots,
but nowhere dark ; spots all silvered, no tinge of green what-
ever in any example of the very many 1 have examined.
When compared with Eurynome, beneath the latter is much
paler, is yellowish and generally mottled or shaded more or
less witli greenish, whilst the present species is darker, is of
a ferruginous buff' and never with the slightest indication of
green ; the spots are also comparatively smaller and not as
heavilv silvered as in Eurynome. This is the species cited as
Astarte, Dbldy., by W. H. Edwds., Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil., Ill,
j). 435, (1864), and later considered by the same author as
identical with Eurynome, from which, however it is I believe,
distinct, as shown above.

AMERICAN MACROLEPIDOPTERA NORTH OF MEXICO.

115

211. ADIANTE, BDL., Lep. Cal., p. 61, (1869); Kirby, Cat,,
p. 157, (1871); Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 261, (1875).
Arg. Adiaste, (Bdl. J/&S'.), Behr, Proc. Cal. Acad.
Nat. So., II, p. 175, (1858-1862), 1. c., Ill, p. 84,
(1863); W. H. Edwds., Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil., Ill,
p. 436, (1864).

Arg. Adraste, Kirby, Cat,, p. 160, (1871).
t*212. CLIO, W. H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., V, p. 106,

(1874).

*213. BISCHOFFII, W. H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc,,

III, p. 189, (1870); Butt. N. Am., II, t, 3, Arg.,

(1875); Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 260, (1875).

var. a. Ons, W. H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Ent, Soc., V,

p. 105, (1874) ; Butt, N. Am., II, t. 3, Arg., (1875).

No silver on spots of under surface.

214. MYRINA, CRAM., (Pap. M.), Pap. Ex., II, t, 189, (1779) ;
(Arg. 3f.)Hiib.,Verz. Bek. Schmett,, p. 30, (1816);
Say, Am. Ent,, III, t, 46, (1828); Bdl.-Lec., Lep.
Am. Sept., p. 155, t, 45, (1833) ; Kirby, Faun. Am.
Bur., IV, p. 290, (1837); Harris, Ins. Inj. Veg.,
Flint's Ed., p. 286, f. 112, (1862); (Brentkis M.)
H-S., Prodr. Lep. Reg. Corr.-Blatt, p. 91, (1865) ;
(Arg. M.) Morris, Syn., p. 43, (1862) ; Saund., Can.

Ent,, I, p. 55, Lar., (1868); Kirby, Cat,, p. 162,
(1871); (Brentkis M.} Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 262,
(1875) ; (Arg. M.) W. H. Edwds., Can. Ent., VIII,
p. 161, (1876).
Pap. Myrinus, Herbst, Natursyst, Ins. Schmett., IX,

p. 178, t. 255, (1798).

Arg. Myrissa, GodL, Enc. Meth., IX, pp. 266, 806,
(1819).

Larva on violets.
215. APHIRAPE VAR. TRICLARIS, HUB., Zutr. Ex. Schmett,, | Labrador,

California.

Colorado,
Montana.
Alaska.

Cariboo,
Brit. Col.

Canada, sou-
thern part or
Brit, Col.,
New Eng-
land, Middle
and Western
States to the
Rocky Mts.

II, (1818-1X24) ; Mosch., Wien. Ent, Mon., IV, p.

334, (1860) ; Stgr., Cat,, p. 20, (1871) ; Kirby, Cat,,

p. 162, (1871).
Arg. Triclaris, Maid, Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 757,

(1875); (Brcnt/ns T.) Scud., Buff. Bull, II, p. 262,

(1875). _
An/. Ossianus, Bdl., (nee Herbst], Ic. Lep., t. 19,

(1832); Bdl.-Lec., Lep. Am. Sept., p. 157, (1833);

Morris, Syn., p. 48, (1862).

216. HELENA, W/H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Ent, Soc., Ill,

p. 268, (1871); Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 757,
(1875) ; (BrenthisM.} Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 262,
(1875).

217. CHARICLEA, SCHNEIDER, (Pap. 0.}, Neu. Mag., V, p.

588, (1794); Herbst, Natursyst, Ins. Schmett., X,
t. 272, (1800) ; Hub., Eur. Schmett., I, f. 769, 770,
(1824-1826); (Arg. C.} Ochs., Schmett, Eur., I, p.
66, (1807), IV, p. 114, (1816) ; Treits., X, 1, p. 15,
(1834); Dup., I, p. 344, t. 48, (1832); (Brenthis C.)
H-S., Prodr. Syst. Lep. Reg. Corr.-Blatt, p. 91,

British Co-
lumbia,
Colorado.

Colorado,
Montana.

Labrador,

Brit, Col.,

Greenland,

Lappland.

116

CATALOGUE OF THE

(1865) ; (Arg. C.) Bdl.-Lec., Lep. Am. Sept., p. 161,
(1833) ; Bdl., Sp. Gen., I, t. 11, f. 2, (1836) ; Scud.,
Proc. Bost, Soc. Nat. Hist., XVII, p. 40, (1875);
Mosch.,Wien. Ent. Mon., IV, p. 338-342, (1860);
Morris, Syn., p. 49, (1 862) ; Stgr., Cat., p. 20, (1871 ) ;
Kirby, Cat., p. 161, (1871); (Brenthis C.) Scud.,
Buff. Bull., II, p. 262, (1875).
Arg. Arctica, Zett., Ins. Lapp., p. 899, (1840).
var. a. BOISDUVALII, DUP., Sup., I, t. 20, (1832);
Summer, Bdl., Ic., I, p. 98, t. 20, (1832); Hiik-
Gcy., Eur. Schmett,, I, f. 1020-1022, (1827-1841);
Mosch,, Wien. Ent. Mon,, IV, p. 341, 342, (I860);
Stgr., Cat,, p. 20, (1871); Kirby, Cat,, p. 161,
(1*71); Scud., Buff. Bull., Ill, p. 262, (1875).

Destitute, or nearly so, of the white basal marks on under side
of secondaries.

var. b. MONTINUS, SCUD., Proc. Ess. Ins., Ill, p. 166,
(1862); Bost, Jnl. Nat. Hist,, VII, p. 626, (1863);
(Brenthis M.) Buff. Bull., II, p. 263, (1875); (Arg..
If.) Kirby, Cat, p. 161, (1871).

Prevailing colour of under side of secondaries much more red-
dish or rust coloured.

218. FREI.IA, TIINB., (Pap. F.}, Diss. Ent, Suec., II, p. 34, t.
5, f. 14, (1791); Quens., Act. Hoi., p. 276, t, 10,
(1791); Herbst, Natursyst, Ins. Schmett., X, t. 272,
(1800) ; Esp., Schmett.,'1, 2, t. 109, (? 1790) ; Hub., !
Eur. Schmett,, f. 55, 56, (1793), 771, 772, (1807);!
Ochs., Schmett, I, 1, p. 78, (1807); (Arg. F.) Hub.,'
Verz. Bck. Schmett,,]). 30, (1816); Godt,, Enc.
Meth., IX, p. 273, (1819); Meigen, Eur. Schmett.,
t. 14, (1829-1832); Freyer, Neu. Beit., t, 295,
(1831-1858); Dup., SupL, I, 11, t, 19, (1832);
Bdl., Icon., I, t, 19, (1832); Kirby, Faun. Am.
Bor., IV, p. 291, (1837); Zett,, Ins/ Lapp., p. 897,
(1840); H-S., Eur. Schmett,, I, p. 36, (1843);
Evcrsm., Ent. Russ., V, p. 61. t. 7, (1851); Mosch.,
Wien. Ent. Mon., IV, p. 338, (1860) ; Morris, Syn.,
p. 46, (1862); Scud., Proc. Bost, Soc. Nat, Hist.,
XVII, p. 299, (1875); Stgr., Cat,, p. 20, (1871);
Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 756, (1875); (Brenthis
F.) Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 262, (1875).
Brenthis Freya, HS., Proolr. Lep. Reg. Corr Blatt,

p. 91, (1865).

Pap. Dia Lapponica, Esp., Schmett., I, 2, t, 97, (? 1790.)

Arg. Lapponica, Kirby, Cat., p. 161, (1871).

var. a. TARQUINIUS, CURT., (MelitcBo), Ross' 2d Voy., Ap|).

Nat, Hist., p. 68,(1835); Kirby, Cat,, p. 161, (1871);

(Brenthix T.} Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 262, (1875).

219. POLARIS, BDL., Lid. Meth., p. 15, (1829); Icon., t. 20,

(1833) ; Sp. Gen., I, t, 11, f. 1, (1836); Bdl.-Lec.,

Lep. Am. Sept., p. 159, (1833); Dup., SupL, I, 11,

t. 20, (1832); Freyer, Neu. Beit., V, t, 439, (1831-

1858); H-S., Eur. Schmett., I, p. 32, (1843);

White Mts.

of New
Hampshire.

Labrador,
Brit, Col.,
Colorado,
Lappland,
Polar Nor-
way, N. Rus-
sia, N. and
W. Siberia.

Boothia-
Felix.

Labrador,
Arctic Am.

AMERICAN MACROLEPIDOPTERA NORTH OF MEXICO.

117

Eversm., Ent. Russ.. V, p. 65, t. 7, (1851);
Wallengr., Skand. I)agf = , p." 91, (1853); Mosch.,
Wien. Ent. Mon., IV, p. 342, (1860) ; Morris, Syn.,
p. 48, (1862); Scud., Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist,,
XVII, p. 303, (1875); Stj?r., Cat,, p. 20, (1871) ; I
Kirby, Cat., p. 161, (1871); (Brenthis P.) Scud.,
Buff. Bull., II, p. 263, (1875); (Papilio P.) Hiib.,
Eur. Schmett,, I, f. 1016-1019, (1827-1841).

220. FRIGGA, THNB., (Pop. F.}, Diss. Ent. Suec,, II, p. 33,

(1791, Dee. 10); Quens., Act. Hoi., t. 19, f. 6,
(1791); Hiib., Eur. Schmett., I, f. 49, 50, (1793);
Ochs., I, 1, p. 74, (1807); (Arg. F.) Hub., Verz.
Bek. Schmett., p. 30, (1816); Godt., Enc. Meth.,
IX, p. 272, (1819); Pup., Supl., I, t, 19, (1832);
(Brenthis F.) H-S., Prodr. Syst. Lep. Reg. Corr.-
Blatt, ]>. 91, (1865); (Arg. F.] Eversm., Ent. Russ.,;
V, p. 59, (1851); Mosch., Wien. Ent, Mon., IV,
p. 337, (1860); Stgr., Cat., p. 20, (1871); Kirby,
Cat., p. 160, (1871); (Brenthis F.) Scud., Buff. Bull.,
II, p. 263, (1875).

var. a. SAGA, KADEN. Where described I cannot at present
ascertain. It is a little smaller than the normal Frigga. On
upper surface the basal halt' of secondaries entirely suffused
with black ; beneath the basal half of secondaries, except the
large white spot at costa near base, are dark rust red, the
usual marks but dimly discernible.

221. BELLONA, FABR., ( Pap. B.}, Syst. Ent,, p. 517, (1775) ;!

Ent, Syst,, III, 1, p. 148, (1793); (Arg. B.) Hiib.,
Zutr., p. 42, f. 975, 976, (1818-1837); Godt., Enc. 1
Meth., IX, p. 271, (1819); (Brenthis B.} H-S.,
Prodr. Syst, Lep. Reg. Corr.-Blatt, p. 91, (1865);
(Arg. B.} Bdl.-Lec., Lep. Am. Sept., p. 164, t. 45,
(1833); Harris, Ins. Inj. A T e^., Flint's Ed., p. 287,
f. 113, 114, (1862); Morris, Syn., p. 45, (1862) ;
Pack., Guide, p. 253, (1869); Kirby, Cat, p. 159,
(1871); (Brenthis B.) Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 263,
(1875).

Papilio Myrina, Marty n, (nee CVam.), Psyche, t. 1, f.
2, 3, (1797).
Larva on violets.

var. a. EPITHORE, BDL., MSS. Edwds., Proc. Ent. Soc.,
Phil., II, p. 504, (1864) ; Lep. Cal., p. 58, (1869);
Kirby, Cat,, p. 160, (1871 ) ; Mead, Wheeler's Rep.,
V, p. 756, (1875); (Brenthis E.} Scud., Buff. Bull.,
II, p. 263, (1875).

Fore wings not produced so much apically. Not as much dark
suffusion on basal half uf upper surface as is generally the
case in Bellona. Markings of under surface of secondaries
somewhat more distinct.

var. b. 9- It i s difficult to say if this example belongs to Epithore
or Frigga, but probably to the first. The upper surface is
nearly as in Epithore. The whole under surface is paler than
either of these species. The broad irregular mesial band and
basal spots of secondaries are all uniform clear yellow, and
all save one, basal spot at costa, edged with a sharp black
line.

Labrador,
Brit, Col.,
Colorado,
Lappland,
N. W. Sibe-
ria, N. Rus-
sia.

Labrador.

Canada, New
England,
Middle and
Western
States to the
Rockv Mts.

California,
Oregon.

Utah.

118

CATALOGUE OF THE

t*222. IMPROBA, BUTL., Ent. Mon. Mag., XIII, 206, (1877). [Cambridge

Bay, Arctic
Am.

IMorrisii, Reak., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc., Phil., p. 245, (1866),
was described from an example of Arg. Euphrosyne, L.,
which Mr. Reakirt received from M. Lorquin the younger,
with California erroneously given as its locality.

Nenoquis, Reak., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc., Phil., p. 247, (1866),
is Dia, L., received by Mr. Reakirt under the same circum-
stances.

The Argynnides of the western slope, or Pacific wide of the
Rocky Mts., are without doubt, if we except perhaps the Co-
liades, the most difficult of all the N. Am. Diurnse to deal
with, as they not only run into certain variations, but again
into subvariations, and even further; the two species Monti-
cola and Zerene, first considered identical by Dr. Boisduval,
are perhaps the most perplexing ; each of these bears the
same relation to some of their varieties as does Niobe to its
var. Eris and Adippe to Cleodoxa, but presenting by no means
the stability of form of these European variations, but
branching out into endless and endless varieties until the
student is completely at a loss to know where or to what they
may belong. The presence or absence of silver spots is not
of the slightest specific importance, for the same species may
be with or without them, or one sex of the same species is
with them silvered and in the other they are devoid of it, or
again the silver is confined to a single row of spots, or even
to part of a row, or to one or two spots only. Edwardsii and
Nevadenxis are so close as to scarce deserve even a varietal
name. Nokomis may be and I believe is a form of Cybele,
corning as it does from Arizona, which for its Lep. Fauna is
the wonderland of N. Am., we need scarce be astonished at its
remarkable aberrancy. Brcmnerii may be a form of Monti-
cola. Nos. 194, 195, 197, 199, 200, 201, 205 var. c., 207, 212
and 222 are entirely unknown to me in nature ; the majority
of them I feel assured will prove to be varieties of some of
the older species.

The lately described Alcestis is a var. of Aphrodite ; Mr. Edwds.
informed me that the larva is different; in my estimation the
difference in the appearance of the larva amounts to very
little; for if the perfect insect varies from the normal
form, whv may not then the larva likewise vary?
In fact, I doubt if there can be much variation in the imago
unless it existed in the earlier stages. Too much stress by
far is laid on the circumstance of whether the larva differs
or not from that of the ordinary form. If this were so con-
clusive, why is it then that the green and brown larvae of Cer.
Jmperinlis, both bring precisely the same form of moth, or the
tawny and green larvse of Thyreus Abbotii, produce the same
results? No; if we have a varietal form or subspecies in the
last stage of the insect we must just as reasonably expect to
find it in the earlier stages. Is the Albino offspring of negro
parents black when a child or with black or brown eyes?
Certainly not; as an infant it has the same abnormal white
cuticle to its body and the same fiery iris to the eye as when
it becomes an adult. Again, would the child born with six
toes or fingers on each foot or hand have but five to each ex-
tremity on attaining maturity?

AMERICAN MACROLEPIDOPTERA NORTH OF MEXICO.

119

223.

GENUS 5. MELITyEA, FAKR.

J Phyciodes, IRtb. \
{ Eresia, Bdl. J

HERMAS, HEW., (Eresia H.), Ex. Butt, III, Eres., t. ! Los Angelos,
5, f. 32, (1864); (Pkyciodes H.) Kirby, Cat., p. Califa. ;
174, (1871); Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 208, (1875). : . Mexico.
exia Geniyueh, Reak., Proc. Eut. Soc., Phil., V, ]).

225, (1865).

The figure of (under side) JFermas agrees with the original type
of Gfnigueh, Reak., in every respect except that the ground

co

lour of the former has a little more of a reddish tinge, not

224.

so much of an ochre.

TEX ANA, W. H. EDWDS., Proe. Ent, Soe., Phil., IF, p. Texas, Lou-
81, (1863); (Eresia T.} Reak., 1. e., V, p. 226, isiana, Flor-
(1865); (Phi/u. T.} Kirby, Cat., p. 174, (1871); ida, Mexico.
(Anthanassa 7'.)Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 268, (1875).
Eresia Cincta, W. H. Edwdx., Proe. Ent. Soc., Phil.,
II, p. 502, (1861); (Phyc. f'.) Kirby, Cat., p. 177,
(1871).

Eresia timcrdis, Heir., Ex. Butt., Ill, Ercs., t. 5, I'.
33, 34, (1864); Reak., Proc. Eut, Soc., Phil., II,
p. 226, (1865).

f*225. PUNCTATA, W. H. EDWDS., (Eresia P.), Trans. Am.

Arizona,

Ent, Soc., Ill, p. 191, (1870); (Phyo. P.) Kirby, New Mexico
Cat., p. 647, (1871); (Aiitlianunsa P.) Scud., Buff.
Bull., II, p. 268, (1875).

226. FRISIA, POEY, Cent. Lej). Cuba, p. 9, t. 2, (1832);

Florida

(Meliihcea F.) Cat, Met., etc., Mem. Soc. Econ. ' Keys; Cuba.
Hab., 2 Ser. Ill, 125, (1846) ; (Melifaa F.) La Sui;-.,
Hist, Cub. Anim. Art,, p. 535, (1857); (Eresia F.}
H-S., Schmett. Cuba Reg. Corr.-Blatt, p. 162,
(1864); Reak., Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil., II, p. 226,
(1865); (Pht/c. F.} Kirby, Cat., p. 173, (1871);
Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 267, (1875).
Eresia Gyges, Hew., Ex. Butt,, III, Eres., t. 6, f. 45,

46, (1864).

227. PICTA, W. H. EDWDS., Proc. Eut. Soc., Phil., IV, p. Colorado,
201, (1865); (Eresia P.) Reak., Proc. Eut. Soc., i Nebraska,
Phil., VI, p. 141, (1866); (Mel. P.] Kirby, Cat., p. Arizona,
171, (1871); Streck., Lep., Rhop.-Het., p. 65, t. 8, Mexico.

1*228.

f. 10, (1873) ; (Phyc. P.) Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p.
267, (1875). '
CANACE, W. H. EDWDS., (Phyc. C.), Trans. Am. Ent, l Southern

Soc., ill, p. 206, (1871); Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p.
267, (1875); Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 764,

(1875).

This is only known to me through Mr. Edwds.' description,
which, however, seems equally applicable to M. PirAa, but
whether it be identical with that species I am of course at
present unable to determine; or again, it mav be only
another of the endless variations of M. Pratensis.

California.

120

229. PHAON

CATALOGUE OP THE

N, W. H. EDWDS., Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil., II, p.
505, (1864) ; Kirby, Cat., p. 171, (1871) ; (t'hyc. P.)
Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 268, (1875).

230. VESTA, W. H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., II, p. 371,

(1869); Kirby, Cat., p. 171, (1871); (Pkyc. V.)
Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 266, (1875).

231. THAROS, DRU., (Pap. T.}, 111. Ex. Ent, I, p. 43, t. 21, f.

5, 6, (1770); Cram., Pap. Ex., II, t. 169, E, F,

(1779); Hbst,, IX, t. 260, 4, 5, (1798); (Eres. T.}

Stephs., 111. Brit Ent, Haust,, I, 150, (1828) ; (Mel.

7'.)Bdl.-Lec., Lep. Am. Sept., p. 170, t. 47, (1833);

Morris, Syn., p. 51, (1862); (Eres. T.) Reak., Proc.

Ent, Soc.', Phil., VI, p. 142, (1866); (Phyc. T.}

Kirby, Cat., p. 172, (1871); Scud., Buff. Bull., II,

p. 267, (1875); Mead, Can. Ent., VII, p. 161, (1875).
Pap. Morpheus, Fabr., Syst. Ent,, p. 530, n. 370,

(1775); Herbst, Natursyst. Ins. Schmett., IX, p.

201, t, 260, f. 1, 2. (1798').

Artj. Morphea, Godt., Enc. Metli., IX, p. 289, (1819).
Pap. Cocyta, Cram., Pap. Ex., II, . t. 101, A, B,

(1779); Bdl., Lep. Cal., p. 53, (1869).
Pap. Euctea, Bergs., Norn. u. Bcsch. Ins., IV, p. 23,

t. 79, (1780); Hbst, X, t, 274, 9, 10, (1800).
Arg. Tharossa, Godt., Enc. Meth,, IX, p. 289, (1819).
Mel. tielenis, Kirby, Faun. Am. Bor., IV, p. 289,

(1837).
Mel. Pharos, Emmons, Agr. Nat. Hist. N. Y., V, p.

212, t. 43, (1854); Harris, Ins. Inj. Veg., Flint's

Ed., p. 289, f. 116, 117, (1862).
Erema Gorgone, //-/S'., Ind. Syst., Reg. Corr.-Blatt,

p. 104, (1865).

-, Engr., Pap. D'Eur., I, p. 66, t. 17,

f. 30 a, 30b, (1779).
var. a. MARCIA, W. H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Ent, Soc.,

II, p. 207, (1868); (Phyc. M.) Kirby, Cat., p. 172,

(1871).
Pap. Cocyta, Cram., Pap. Ex., II, t. 101, f.C,(1779).

Whole under surface of secondaries mottled and shaded with
brown and grey.

ab. b. PACKARDII, SAUND., Pack. Guide, p. 256, (1869);
(Phyc. P.] Kirby, Cat,, p. 172, (1871); Scud., Buff.
Bull., II, p. 268, (1875).
Larva on Actinomeris Helianthoides.

The dark colour predominating and the normal style of orna-
mentation almost entirely changed.

In Ilubner's Sam. Ex. Schmett., I, on first page in the index is
cited "Dryades A. Retienlatie, a. Jbiriope, b. (Jorgone," on the
plate of "Dryades A. reticulatse a.," which is the fortieth in
the vol., though none are numbered, are four good figures of
Liriopt;, designated by that name (Dryades reticulata Liriope).
Dr. Herr.-Schaef., in his Ind. Svst., p. 104, Reg. Corr.-
Blatt, (1805), quotes this by the index name (Oorgone) as a
synonym of Tharos, which is curious, as said Gorgone of
index Liriope of plate is a quite distinct S. American spe-

Ga., Fla. and

Gulf States
to Texas,
inclusive.
Texas.

S. Labrador ;
Canada ;
UnitedStates

east of Rocky
Mte.

Ontario,
Can.

AMERICAN MACROLEPIDOPTERA NORTH OF MEXICO.

121

tab

cies, hearing no resemblance to Tharos in particular; on the
same page he cites, under its name Liriope, Cramer's f. C, D,
t. 1, (Vol. I), as a separate species from Hubner's, above
quoted, when it is apparent that both authors repre-
sented the same insect and also denoted it by the same name,
Liriope. Hubner's figures are, as usual, good, and Cramer's
are recognizable, and both are so good that any one at all
acquainted with the common tropical species Liriope could
immediately identify it from either. Mr. Scudder cites two
of the figures of Hiilmer's plate (Nos. 1, 2) as representing
Ismeria, (Carlotu, Reak.), from which they are even farther
removed than from Tharos, and the other two (Nos. 3, 4) he
regards as distinct and retains for them Hubner's index name
of Goryone.

232. BATESII, REAR., (Eresia B.}, Proc. Ent, Soo., Phil, V, p.

226, (1865); (Pliyo. B.) Kirhy, Cat., p. 172, (1871);
Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 268, (1875).

233. PRATENSIS, BEHR, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. So., Ill, p. 86,

(1863); (Phyc. P.) Kirby, Cat,, p. 173, (1871);
-Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 267, (1875).
9 Mel. Campestris, Bchr, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sc., Ill,

p. 86, (1863) ; (Eresia C'.} Reak., Proc. Ent. Soc.,

Phil., VI, p. 142, (1866); (Phyc. C.} Kirby, Cat,,

p. 173, (1871).
Mel. Pulchella, Bdl, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 2me Ser. X,

p. 306, (1852); (Phyc. P.] Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p.

266, (1875).
var. a, PALLIDA, W. H. EDWPS., Proc. Ent, Soc., Phil., i

II, p. 505, (1864); (Eresia P.) Reak., Proc. Ent. |
Soc., Phil., VI, p. 142, (1866); (Phyc. P.) Kirby,
Cat., p. 174, (1871); Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 267,
(1875); Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 763, (1875).

rT Phi/c. (hmillus, W. H. Edwds., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.,

III, p. 268, (1871); Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p.
764, (1875).

e? 5 Phyc. Emimt, W. H. Erhrds., 1. c., p. 269, (1871).

Mesial band broader and in common with the marginal lunules,
above and below, on all wings pale yellow or whitish, more
especially so in the ., Secondaries beneath pale.

1). ? MATA, REAK., (Eresia If.), Proc. Ent, Soc.,
Phil., VI, p. 142, (1866); (Phyc. M.) Kirby, Cat.,
p. 177, (1871); (Mel. M.} Streck., Lep., Rhop.-
Het., p. 65, t. VIII, f. 11, (1874); (Phyc. M.}
Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 763, (1875).

A white or Albinous aberration of the var. Pallida. Analogous
examples sometimes occur of the European M. Cinxia in
which the fulvous is entirely replaced on both surfaces by
yellowish white.

var. c. ORSEIS, W. H. EWVDS., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.,
Ill, p. 206, (1S71); (PhifG. 0.) Scud., Buff. Bull.,
II, p. 267, (1875).

I'pper surface very heavily suffused with blackish : reticula-
tions of under surface more sharply defined than is generally
the case with Prntensis.

234. MONTANA, BEHR, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sc., Ill, p. 85,

(1863); (Phyc. M.) Kirby, Cat., p. 173, (1871).

Mid'le States
Ohio, Md.,
Va.

California
and adjoin-
ing territory.

Colorado,
Texas, Kan-
sas, Utah.

Colorado.

Sierra Ne-
vada, Cali-
fornia ; ? Or-
egon.

Sierra Ne-
vada, Cali-
fornia.

122 CATALOGUE OF THE

Mel. Orsa, BdL, Lep. Cal., p. 55, (1869); (Phyc. 0.)

Kirhy, Cat., p. 173, (1871).
Phyc. Pratensis, Scud., (nee Behr), Buff. Bull.,: II, p.

267, (1875).

235. MYLITTA, W. H. EDWDS., Proc. Acad. Nat, Sc., Phil., California;

p. 160, (1861); Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil., II, p. 504, ? Mexico.

(1864) ; Morris, Syn., p. 324, (1862) ; (Eresia M.}

Reak., Proc. Ent." Soc., Phil., VI, p. 142, (1866);

(Phyc.M.) Kirby,Cat., p. 173, (1871); Hy. Edwds.,

Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sc., V, Lar., (1873) ; Mead,

Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 764, (1875).
Mel. Collina, Behr, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sc., Ill, p.

86, (1863).
Mel. Callina, BdL, Lep. Cal., p. 54, (1869); (Phyc.\

C.) Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 267, (1875).
Mel. Epula, BdL, Lep. Cal., p. 54, (1869).
Phyc. Pulchella, Scud., (ncc BdL), Buff. Bull., II, p.

266, (1875).

Larva on various species of thistle (Carduus).

236. NYCTEIS, DBLDY.-HEW., Gen. Diur. Lep., p. 181, t, 23, Canada, New

(Phyc. N.) Kirby, Cat,, p. 173, (1871); (CAan-ginia, thence

dryas N.} Scud., Syst, Rev. Am. Butt,, p. 26, (1872); westward to

(Mel N.) Lint., 23d Rep. N. Y. State Cab. Nat. ! the Rocky

Hist., p. 158, Lar., (1872); (Phyc. N.) W. H. i Mountains ;

Edwds., Can. Ent., V, p. 224, (1873) ; Riley, Proc. Colorado ;

Am. Ass. Adv. Sc., p. 108, (1874); ( Charidryas /Y.) , Texas.

Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 266, (1875); (Phyc. N.)\

Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 762, (1875).
Mel. Oenone, Scud., Proc. Essex Ins., Ill, p. 166,

(1862).

Mel. Nyctis, BdL, Lep. Cal., p. 53, (1869).
Mel. Harrisii, W. H. Edwds., Can. Ent., II, p. 163,

(1870); Saund., 1. c., IV, p. 161, (1872).

Larva on Helianthus Divaricatus (sun- flower), Acti-

nomeris Helianihoides, A. Squarrosa.
237. ISMERIA, BDL.-LEC., Lep. Am. Sept., p. 168, t. 46, (1833); From Vir-

(Mel. I.} Dbldy., Gen. Diur. Lep., I, p. 181, n. 22, ^inia south-

(1846-1850); Morris, Syn., p. 50, (1862); (Phyc. I.} ward to the

Kirby, Cat., p. 174, (1871); Scud., Can. Ent,, IV, Gulf of M.-x.

p. 85, (1872); (Charidryas /.) Buff. Bull., II, and wcst-

p. 266, (1875). ward to the

Mel. Nycteis, W. H. Edwds., Proc. Acad. Nat, Sc., Rocky Mts.

Phil., p. 161, (1861).
Eresia Carlota, Reak., Proc, Ent. Soc., Phil., A T I, p.

141, (1866); (Phyc. C.) Kirby, Cat, p. 173, (1871);

Mead, Wheeler's Rep., Y, p. 762, (1875).

Larva on Helianthus Trachelifolius.

AMERICAN MACROLEPIDOPTERA NORTH OF MEXICO.

123

There has been some uncertainty as to what Bdl.-Lec.'s figures
really "represent. These Mr. Scudder^ascertained were copied
from Abbot's unpublished drawings, and poorly enough
copied ^at that. No one will dispute that they are caricatures,
but nevertheless there can no longer be any doubt that they
were intended to illustrate this species.

238. HARRISII, SCUD., Proc. Essex, Ins., Ill, p. 167, (1862);
Pack., Guide, p. 257,'(1869); (Phyc. H.) Kirby,
Cat., p. 174, (1871); \JWmnaia H.) Scud., Syst.
Rev. Am. Butt., p. 27, (1872) ; (Cindidia H.) Buff. '
Bull., II, p. 266, (1875).

Mel. Ismeria, Harris, (nee Bdl.-Lec.), Ins. Inj. Veg.,
Flint's Ed., p. 288, (1862).
Larva on Diplopappus Umbellatus.

The figure (187 on p. 258) in Packard's Guide, purporting to
be the larva of this insect, does not represent the larva of
any species of diurnal Lepidoptera.

Messrs. W. H. Edwds. and [Scudder both cite the Ismeria of
Harris (p. 288, Ins. Inj. ;Veg.) as a synonym of Nycteis,
Dbldy.i Both authors* are in the wrong. First, Harris' de-
scription plainly and unmistakably applies to the species
subsequently described by Scudder as Harrisii, and not at all
to Nycteis. Dr. Harris remarks, after his description, "the
only specimen which I have seen was sent to me by Dr. D.
S. C. H. Smith of Sutton." I have seen this specimen, which
is still in the Harris collection"(now in thej keeping of the
Boston Mus. Nat. Hist.). It is a specimen of Harrisii, Scud.,
and is. No. 514 in the collection. On referring to Dr. Harris'
MSS. catalogue, which is with the collection, I found No. 51 1
to be "Melitcca, Sutton, Dr. Smith."

-!:',!>. MINUTA, W. H. EDWDS., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc., Phil., p.
161, (1861); Morris, Syn., p. 325, (1862); Kirby,
Cat, p. 171, (1871); Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p.
761, t, 36, (1875); (Sdioenis M.) Scud., Buff. Bull.,'
II, p. 265, (1875).

Mel. Arachne, W. H. Edwds., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.,
II, p. 372, (1869); Kirby, Cat., p. 171, (1871);
Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 760, (1875) ; (Schoenits
A.) Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 265, (1875).

240. PALLA, BDI,., Ann. Soc. Ent, Fr., 2me Ser. X, p. 305,
(1852); Morris, Syn., p. 52, (1862); Behr, Proc.
Cal. Acad. Nat.' Sc., Ill, p. 88, (1863); Reak.,
Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil., VI, p. 139, (1866) ; Kirby,
Cat., p. 170, (1871); Hy. Edwds., Proc. Cal. Acad.
Nat. Sc., V, p. 167, Lar., (1873); Mead, Wheeler's
Rep, V, p. 759, (1875); (Lemonias P.) Scud., Buff.
Bull., II, p. 264, (1875).
1 .larva on ( 'astelejia Brevifiora.
var. a. HELCITA, BDL., Lep. Cal., p. 55, (1869); (Le-
monias H.) Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 264, (1,875).
var. b. GABBII, BEHR, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sc., Ill,
p. 89, (1863); Kirby, Cat., p. 171, (1871); (Lemo-
nias G.} Scud., Buff' Bull., II, p. 264, (1875).
Mel. Sonorce, Bdl, Lep. Cal., p. 56, (1869).

Submarginal lunules, and sometimes mesial band of under side
of secondaries, silver or silvery white.

Canada,
New Eng 1 .

States, New
York.

Texas, Col-
orado, New
Mexico.

California.

Southern
California.

124

CATALOGUE OF THE

var. c. HOFFMANNI, BEHR, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sc.,
Ill, p. 89, (1863); Reak., Proc. Ent, Soc., Phil.,
VI, p. 140, (1866); Kirby, Cat., p. 171, (1871);
Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 760, (1875); (Lemo-
nias H.} Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 264, (1875).

The black lines on outer half of upper surface of primaries par-
tially obsolete, the red ground colour prevailing. On under
side of secondaries the small ocelli in the space between the
marginal lunules and mesial band is wanting.

? vur. d. WHITNEYI, BEHR, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sc.,
Ill, p. 88, (1863); Kirby, Cat, p. 170, (1871);
(Lemonias H 7 .) Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 265, (1875).

Paler on both surfaces, black lines less diffuse; the small round
spots on space between marginal lunules and mesial band of
under side of secondaries obsolete or nearly so.

t*240a. POLA, BDL., Lep. Cal., p. 56, n. 44, (1869); Kirby,
Cat., p. 171, (1871); (Lemonia* P.] Scud., Buff.
Bull., II, p. 265, (1875).

Not known to be in any N. Am. collection, and doubtless is one
or the other of the above cited forms of Palla.

f*241. ACASTUS, W. H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., V, p.
16, (1874); (Lemonias A.) Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p.
265, (1875).

I am entirely unacquainted with this insect in nature, but from
the description 1 should surely suppose it to be identical
with M. Whitneyi.

t*242. STKROPK, W. H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Ill,
p. 190, (1870); Kirby, Cat., p. 647, (1871); (Le-
monias 8.) Scud., Buff. Bull.,' II, p. 265, (1875).

This is also unknown to me, but from the description it seems
impossible that it can be any thing else than the black 9 form
of M. Palla.

243. QUINO, BEHR, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sc., Ill, p. 90,
(1863); Kirby, Cat., p. 164, (1871); (Lemonias Q.)
Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 264, (1875).

2-4--1. ANICIA, DBLDY.-HEW., Gen. Diur. Lep., p. 179, t. 23,
(1846-1850); W. H. Edwds., Proc. Ent. Soc.,
Phil., I, p. 223, (1862); Behr, Proc. Cal. Acad.
Nat. Sc., Ill, p. 91, (1863); Reak., Proc. Ent, Soc.,
Pliil., VI, p. 140, (1866); Kirby, Cat., p. 164,
(1871); Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V* p. 758, (1875);
(Lemonias A.) Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 264, (1875).
var. a. NUBKJEXA, BEHR, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sc.,
Ill, p. 91, (1863); Kirby, Cat., p. 164, (1871);
Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V,'p. 758, (1875).

An Alpine variety presenting no very considerable differences

from the stem form.

f*245. HELVIA, SCUD., Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XII, p.
405, (1869); Kirby, Cat., p. 164, (1871); (Lemo-
nias H.) Scud., Buff. Bull., 11, p. 264, (1875).
246. EDITHA, BDL., Ann. Soc;. Ent. Er., 2ine Ser. X, p. 305,
(1852); Morris, Syn., p. 51, (1862); Hy. Edwds.,
Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sc., V, p. 167, Lar., (1873).

California,

Colorado,
Nevada.

Mountain-
ous regions
of Colorado,
Nevada and
California.

S.California.

Montana,

Nevada,

Utah.

Oregon.

California.

Mts. of Cal-
ifornia, Col-
orado, Ne-
vada.

Alaska.
California.

AMERICAN MACROLEPIDOPTERA NORTH OF MEXICO.

125

Mel. Anicia var. Editha, Kirby, Cat,, p. 164, (1871).
Lcmonias Anicia, S'cwW., Buff. Bull., II, p. 264, (1875).
Larva on "Er odium Cicutarium, various species of
Trifolium and Viola." Hy. Edwds.

247. COOPERI, BEHR, Pioc. Cal. Acad.* Nat. Sc., Ill, p. 90,

(1863); Kirby, Cat,, p. 164, (1871); (Lemonias C.)
Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 264, (1875).
Larva on Scrophularia.

248. CHALCEDONA, DBLDY.-HEW., Gen. Diur. Lep., I, p. 180,

t. 23, (1847); Reak., Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil., VI, p.
140, (1866); Kirby, Cat., p. 164, (1871); (Lemo-
nias C.) Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 264, (1875).
Mel. Chatcedon, W. H. Edwds., Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil.,
I, p. 222, (1862); Butt, N. Am., I, t, I, Mel.,
(1871) ; Behr, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat, Sc., Ill, p. 89,
(1863); Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 757, (1875).
Larva on " Scrophularia Marylandica, JHplacus
Glutinosus, Mlmnlns Luteus, Lonicera and various
species of Castdejia" Hy. Edwds.

249. PHOTON, DRTJ., (Pap. P.), 111. Ex. Ent., I, t. 21, (1767);

Fabr., Syst. Ent., p. 481, (1775); Ent. Syst,, III,
p. 46, (1793); Cram., Pap. Ex., Ill, t. 193, C, I),
(1782); Herbst, Xatursyst. Ins. Schmett., VI, p.!
Ill, t. 142, (1793); (Met. P.) Bdl.-Lec., p. 167, t.
47, (1833); Bdl., Sp. Gen., t. 11, (1836); Emm.,
Agr. N. Y., V, p. 212, t. 43, (1854) ; Morris, Syn.,
p. 50, (1862); Harris, Ins. Inj. Veg., Flint's Ed.,
p. 288, f. 115, (1862); Kirby, Cat., p. 164, (1871);
W. H. Edwds., Butt, N. Am., 11, 1. 1, Mel., (1875) ;
(Enpliydn/ttis P.) Scud., Syst. Kev. Am. Butt., p. 27,
(1872); Buff. Bull., II, p. 263, (1875).

Mel. Phaetaena, H'id>.,\\>r/,. Bek. Schmett., p. 28,(1 8 ] 6 ).

Ary. Phadontea, Godt., Enc. Meth., IX, p. 288,(1819).

Mel. Pltn'don, H-S., Prodr. Svst. Lep. Reg. Corr.-
Blatt, p. 105, (1865).

|ab. a. C? SlJPERBA, NOB. Upper surface diflers but little from
the ordinary form, except that the two rows of siibmarginal
white spots of secondaries are confluent, forming but one row
of wedge-shaped marks will) the points towards the base.
Underneath the whole space, comprising the greater pail of
the wing, between the ferruginous basal patches and narrow
margin of same colour, is pure white, with the venation
black. Taken by Mr. Ueo. 1). Hulst on Long Island, N.Y.,
in 1875. Mus. Streck.

Larva on Chelonc Giabra, Lonicera Ciliala.
250. LEANIRA, BDL., MSS. Feld., VVien. Ent, Mon., IV, p.
106, (1860); Reise Nov., II, t. 50, f. 13, 14, (1867) ;
Behr, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat, Sc., Ill, p. 91, (1863);
Bdl., Lep. Cal., p. 57, (1869); Kirby, Cat,, p, 171,
(1871); Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, "p- 759, t. 37,
(1875); (Thessalia L.) Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p.
265, (1875).

var. a. OBLITERATA, HY. EDWDS., Proc. Cal. Acad.
Nat. Sc., VI, (1876).

California.

California,
Oregon.

Canada ;
New Eng.
and Middle
States and
others of the
more north-
ern states
east of the
Koekv Mts.

Long Island,
New York.

California,

Arizona.

California.

126

CATALOGUE OF THE

Under surface of primaries without the abbreviated apical black
submarginal band. Tnder side of secondaries uniform whit-
ish yellow, destitute of all the black marks and bands of
normal form.

Larva on Cordylanihus PUosus.

251. THEOXA, MEN., En. An. Mas. Petr. Lep., I, p. 86, t. S.Califoruia;
2, (1855); (Phijc. T.) Kirby, Cat., p. 173, (1871); S.W.Texas;
(Thessalia T.} Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 265, (1875). Cent. Am.
f*252. THEKLA, W. H.EDWDS., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Ill, S. California,
p. 191, (1870); (Thexsal'ia T.) Scud., Buff. Bull., Arizona.
II, ]>. 265, (1875).

The first fifteen species constitute a group unknown to the old
world fauna, but abounding in tropical America where manv
of the forms are most remarkable, wonderfully counterfeiting
in appearance the various Acniddw, and Heliconidte, with
which they associate. Various authors have placed them in
ilubner's genus Phyciodes, equivalent to Bdl.'s Eresia, but 1
think the grounds are too insufficient to entitle them to any
higher position than that of a group.

M. Harrvni forms a very natural transition from this to the
Athalia group here represented by Palla and varieties. M.
Whitneyi has an amazing resemblance to the S. Eur. Dejone,
H-G. Minuta is exceedingly close to the Russian Ardu-
inna, Esp., v. Atherie, Hub., and allied species.

Anicin, Quino and Chalcedona are near to Maturna, L., Artemis,
Hub., etc.

Leanira and allies have no old world representative, though in
appearance, especially of under surface, M.fduna, Dalrn., bears
a close resemblance indeed in the disposition of the markings.

The group of Tharos. etc., is represented most abundantly east
of the Rocky Mts., whilst of the group of Anicia and Chal-
cedona we have only the one eastern representative, Pluefon.

M. Eurytion and M. Calydon, mentioned by Mr. Mead on pp.
759, 760 of Wheeler's Rep., V, (1875), were from MSS. of
W. II. Edwds.,but the description has never been published.
Eurytion=Nnbiyena, and Calydon=some one of the forms of ',
Palla,

GENUS G. SYNCHLOE, BDL.

253. AD.JUTIUX, SCUD., (Chlosyne A.), Buff. Bull., II, p.

269, (1875).

S'i/n. Lacinia, W. H. Edwdx., (nee Hub.}, Butt. N.
' Am., I, Syn., p. 18, (1872).

254. MEDIATRIX, FELD., Reise Nov., II, p. 395, n. 584,

(1867); (Coatlantona M.} Kirby, Cat., p. 178,
(1871); (Chlosyne M.} Scud., Buff. Bull., 11, p.
269, (1875).

Si/n. Saundersii, W. H. Edirds., (nee. Dbldtf.), Butt. X.
' Am., I, Syn., p. 18, (1872).
Between Saundersii, Dbldy., and Lacinia, (jleyer.

255. JANAIS, Dur., (Pnjj. J.), 111. Ex. Ent., Ill, t. 17, f. 5,

6, (1782) ; (Nymphalis J.) Godt., Enc. .Mcth., IX, p.
392, (1823); (Syn. J.) Dbldy .-He\v., (Jen. Diur.
Lop., 1, p. 186, (1846-1850); (Coatlantona J.}
Kirby, Cat., p. 178, (1871); (Chlosyne J.) Scud.,
Buff. Bull., II, p. 269, (1875).

Texas.

Texas, Bo-
gota.

Texas ;
Mexico ;
( 'cut, Am.

AMERICAN MACROT,EFIT>OPTERA NORTH OF MEXICO.

127

256. ERODYI-E, BDL., Rites, Knt. Mon. Mai;., I, p. 8-4, (1864); Texas; Cent.

Dbldy.-Hew., Gen. Dinr. Lep., p. 186, (1846- America;
1850); (Goatl<nit(Kt, R) Kirhy, Cat., p. 178, (1871); ? Mexico.
(Chlost/ne R] Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 261), (1875).

257. CROCALE, \V. H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Ent. So<-., V, p. Ari/una.

17, (1874); Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 765, t.
37, (1875); (Chlosyne C.) Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p.
269, (1875).

GENUS 7. EUREMA, DBI/DV.

258. LETHE, FA BR., (Pap. L.), Ent.Sysl., Ill, 1, p. 80, (1793); Texas; Mex-

Don., Ins. Ind., t. 23, (1800); ( Vanessa L.} Godt,,
Enc. Meth., IX, Sup., p. 818, (1823); (Eur. L.}

co

Cent.

A in., Brazil,

Dbldy.-Hew., Gen. Diur. Lep., p. 194, (1846- etc.
1850) ; (Hypanartia L.} Kirby, Cat., p. 180, (1871);
Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 251,' (1875).
Hyp. Demonica, H'iih., Sam. Kx. Schmett., II, f. 1, 2,
(1806-1827); figs. 3, 4 on same plate represent
Zabulina, Godt.

GENUS 8. .VANESSA, FAHR. '

(Grapta, Kirby, Faun. Am. Bor.}

259. INTERROGATIONIS, FAHR., (Pap. I.}, Ent, Syst., Sup., p. Labrador,
424, (1798); (Gyntliia I.} 111. Mag. Ins., VI, p. ; Canada,
281, (1807); ( Vanessa /.) Godt,, Enc, Meth., IX, Uni'tedStates
Snppl., p. XI 9, (1823); Harris, Hitch. Rep. Geo. east of the
Min., etc., Mass., Ed. 1, p. 590, (1833); (Grap ta L) Rocky Mts.
Dbldy.-Hew., Gen. Diur. Lep., p. 197, (1846-
1850); Morris, Syn., p. 53, (1862); (Vanessa 1.)
Harris, Ins. Inj. Vcg., Flint's Ed., p. 298, f. 124,
(1862); Pack., Guide, p. 259, (1869); (Grapta I.)
Lint., Trans. Am. Knt. Soc., II, p. 317, (1869); 1.
c., Ill, p. 197, (1870); W. H. Edwds., Butt, N.
Am., I, t. V, Grapta., (1871); (Vanessa I.) Kirby,
Cat,, p. 181, (1871); (Poli/gonia /.) Scud., Syst,
Rev. Am. Butt., 10, (1872); Buff. Bull., II, p.
251, (1875).

Grapta Fabricii, W. H. Edwds., Trans. Am. En I.
Soc., Ill, p. 5, (1870); Lint., 1. c., p. 197, (1870);
(Van. F.} Kirby, Cat., p. 181, (1871).

Grapta Interrogationis var. Fabricii, W. H. Edwds.,

Butt. N. Am., I, t, V, Grapta, (1871).
var. a. UMBROSA, LINT., (Grapta U.), Trans. Am. Knt.
Soc., II, p. 313, (1869); W. H. Edwds., Butt, X.
Am., I, t, 4, Grapta, (1871); (Van. U.) Kirby,
Cat,, p. 648, (1871); (Poli/gonia U.} Scud., Buff.
Bull., II, p. 251, (1875).

Pap. G Aurcum, Gram., Pap. Ex., I, t. 19, E, F,
(1779); Herbst, Xatursyst, Ins. Schmett., VII, t,

128 CATALOGUE OF THE

162, f. 1, 2, (1704); Ab.-Sm., Ins. Ga,, I, p. 22, t.

1], (1797); (Polygmiia C A.) Hiib., Sam. Ex.

Schmett., II, (1806-1824) ; Verz. Bek. Schmett.,

p. 36, (1816); (Van, C A.} Bdl.-Lec., Lep. Am.

Sept, p. 192, t, 51, (1833).
Van. Intenwgationis, GodL, Enc. Meth , IX, p. 301,

(1819); Emm., Agr. Nat. Hist. N.York, p. 207,

t, 35, (1854).
Grapta Crameri, Scud., Proc. Bost. Soe. Nat. Hist.,

XIII, p. 276, (1870); (Nymphalis C.} Kirby, Cat,,

p. 648, (1871).

Upper surface of inferiors Muish black.

Larva on nettle, hops, elm.

There has been any amount of confusion in regard to this spe-
cies, all evidently having its origin in the fact of Fabricius'
apparent non-acquaintance with the true C Aureum of Linn.
(Angelica, Cram.), Linn.'s diagnosis of the latter species in
Syst. Nat., is "C aurenm, If!!), P, N, alis angulatis fulvis
nigro-maculatis : posticis subtus C anreo notatis.

Habitat in Asia.

Simillimus P. C albo, sed duplo major, subtus magis luteo nebulosus
C uure.o minori notatis."

This is plain enough ; neither Interrogationis nor var. Umbrosa
are cloudy yellow beneath, but C Aureum most undoubtedly
is.

Fabricius in Syst. Ent., p. 506, cites C Aureum as the Asiatic
species from Linn., Syst. Nat., p. 778, Ed. 12.

Jn the Sp. Ins., II, p. 94, he again gives it as Linn.'s Asiatic
species from Syst. Nat., p. 778, (Angelica, Cram., t. 388, Vol.
IV), and cites as a synonym Cramer's other figure (C Aureum,
Cram., t. 19, Vol.1), which represents the var. of the N. Am.
Fnterrogationis, now known as Umbrosa.

In Mant. Ins., II, p. 50, he again quotes from the Syst. Nat.
Linn.'s description of the Asiatic species, substituting, how-
ever, the words ''alis dentato caudatis" for "alis angulatis."

In Ent. Syst., Ill, 1, p. 78, he quotes Linn, altered in the same
way, and refers again to Cramer's N. Am. C Aureum (t. 19,
Vol. 1 ) an a synonym.

Cramer in his text to the figure of our N. Am. species (t. 19)
also makes the same mistake and cites it as Linn.'s Asiatic
species, i. e., "Linn., Syst. Nat., XU, p. 778, n. 169 Pap.
Nymph, phalerat. C aureum," whilst the real species de-
scribed by Linn., in the foregoing, Cramer figured on his t.
388 as another species under the name of Angelica.

Herbst in Vol. 7, t. 142, has copied Cramer's figure of our N.
Am. species, hut in the text he quotes Linn.'s diagnosis of the
Asiatic species as altered by Fabricius in the Mant. Ins. and
Ent. Syst. He also cites Fabricius' various works and Cra-
mer's t. 19. Its fatherland he gives as Asia.

Abbot's upper figure (t. 11, Vol. I) C Aureum is l T mbrosa with-
out doubt. The lower figure will do for either Umbrosa or
[nterrugationis equally as well, as it is equally as like and
unlike either.

Hubner's figures (II, Sam. Exot. Schmett.) are first-rate repre-
sentations of Umbrosa.

Bdl.-Lec.'s figure 1 represents a form between Interrogationis
and its var Umbrosa, of which I have an example that is as
near one as the other.

In Constab'e's Miss. Butt., Ill, t. 11, is figured the "American
Comma butterfly, Papilio C aureum. Virginia." It is evi-
dently an atrocious figure of Faumis, or perhaps of Comma,
certainly not Interrogationis. He cites "Abbot, t. 11," but
there is no resemblance to the latter figure.

AMERICAN MACROLEPIDOPTERA NORTH OF MEXICO.

129

260. COMMA, HARRIS, Ins. Inj. Veg., Ed. 1, p. 221, (1842),

Flint's Ed., p. 300, t, 4, (1862); (Grapta G)
Dbldy.-Hew., Gen. Diur. Lep., I, 197, (1846-
1850); (Van. C.) Emm., Agr. Nat, Hist. N. Y., p.
208, (1854); Morris, Syn., p. 54, (1862); Lint.,
Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil., Ill, p. 55, (1864); (Grapta
C.} Reak., Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil.,YI, p. 143, (1866);
W. H. Edwds., 1. c., I, ]>. 182, (1862); Butt. N.
Am., I, t. 2, Grapta, (1871); (Polyyonia C.) Scud.,
Syst. Rev. Am. Butt,, 10, (1872); Buff*. Bull., II,
p! 251, (1875).

Van. C Album, Bdl.-Lec., Lep. Am. Sept., p. 190,

(1833); Fitch, N.Y. State Agr. Soc., p. 432, (1856).

Grapta Harisii, W. II. Edwds., Can. Ent., Y, p. 184,

(1873).

var. a. DRYAS, AV. H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.,
Ill, p. 17, (1870); Butt. X. Am., I, t. 3, Grapta,
(1871); (Nympkalis D.) Kirby, Cat., p. 648, (1871);
(Polygonia D.} Scud., Buff, Bull., II, p. 251,
(1875).

Upper surface inferiors blackish.
Larva on hops, elm, nettle.

261. C-ALBUM, LINN., (Pap. C'.), Syst. Nat, Ed. X, p. 477,

(1758), Ed. XII, I, 2, p. 778, (1867); Faun. Suec.,
p. 279, (1761); Scop., Ent. Cam., p. 146, (1763);
Fabr., Syst. Ent., p. 506, (1775); Spec. Ins., II, p.
93, (1781); Mant. Ins., II, p. 50, (1787); Ent.
Syst,, III, 1, p. 124, (1793); Esp., Schmett., 1, 1,
t.' 13, (1777), I, 2, t. 59, (? 1780) ; Bergs., Norn., t.
38, (1779); Brk., Natur. Schmett,, I, p. 15,20:;,
(1788); Hiib., Eur. Schmett., I, f. 92, 93, (1793),
also in another vol. larva and pupa, but not num-
bered ; Herbst, Natursyst. Ins. Schmett,, VII, p.
50, t. 161, (1794) ; Wilh., Unterh. Naturg. Ins., II,
p. 109, t. 13, (1797); Don., Brit. Ins., VI, p. 45,
t. 199, (1797); (Pap. Nymph. C.) Schaef., Icon.,

II, t, 147; vol., text, p. 140, (1804); (Pap. Q
Ochs., Schmett,, I, 1, 125, (1807); (Van. C.) Godt.,
Enc. Meth., IX, p. 302, (1819); Hist, Nat. Lepid.,
I, p. 85, t. 5, f. 3, t. 5 tert, f. 1 (1821); Steph.,

III. Brit. Ins. Haust., I, p. 42, (1828); Bdl.-Lcr.,
Lep. Am. Sept., p. 190, (1833); Lucas, Pap. Eur.,
p. 60, t, 2, (1834); Dun., Nat. Libr. Ent., Ill, p.
160, t. 17, (1835); Humph.-West,, Brit, Butt., p.
50, t. 13, (1841); (Tacky ^tera C.) Berge, Schmett .-
UK-IK, ]>. 98, t. 44, f. 4a-4cl, (1842) ; ( Van. G.) H-S.,
Schmett, Eur., I, f. 159, 160, (1844); Dup., Icon.
Hist. Nat., I, p. 102, t. 11, Lar., (1849); (Gmpl<t
( '.) Chenn, Pap. Diur., I, t, 26, f. 5 & f. 206, p.
99, (1851-1853); Morris, Syn., p. 55, (1862); ( Van.
(,) Stgr., Cat., p. 16, (187V); Kirby, Cat,, p. 182,
(1871).

Canada,
British Co-
lumbia, N.
Eng., Mid-
dle and
Western
States, east
of the Rocky
Mts.

Canada ;
British Co-
lumbia to the

.Pacific; N.

' Eng., Middle
and Atlantic
States south

[ to the Caro-

! Unas, west to
the Rocky
Mts.; Eu-
rope, Siberia,
Japan.

130

CATALOGUE OF THE

Pap. G album, Fonrc., Ent, Paris., II, p. 235, (1785).
Van. Comma alba, Mill., Brit, Ent., t. I, (1821).
Grapta Faunus, W. H. Edwds., Proc. A cad.
Nat, Sc., Phil., p. 222, (1862); Proc. Ent, Soc.,
Phil., I, p. 183, (1862); Butt. N. Am., I, t, 1,
Grapta, (1869); (Van. F.) Kirby, Cat., p. 182,
(1871); (Grapta F.} Caulfield, Can. Ent., VII, p.
49, (1875); (Polygonia F.) Scud., Syst, Rev. Am.
Butt , 10, (1872) ; Buff. Bull., II, p! 252, (1875).

, Petiv., Pap. Brit. Icon., etc., p. 2, t.
IV, f. 5-12, (1717).

-, Merian, Eur. Ins., I, t. 14, (1730).
-, Xeba, Thes., IV, 1. 1, f. gl-g5, (1765).
Enyr., Pap. Eur., I, p. 14, t. V, f'.

5a-5f, (1779).

After continued and most careful examination of great num-
bers of O Album from various parts of Europe, and also of the
so-called species Faunus from the United States and
Canada, as well as examples from the Amoor region and
Japan, I cannot pronounce them distinct. The American
examples are apparently less subject to variation than their
European congenors, but there is no certain point of sufficient
stability to entitle them to specific distinction.

The dark exterior border on upper surface of wings is gener-
ally deeper in colour and more inclined to blackish in the
N. Am. examples, and the spots enclosed in that of seconda-
ries are inclined to be smaller, but neither of these are con-
stant distinctions, as those of the European examples having
the borders of outer margins darkest are precisely identical
with those of the American examples in which said borders
are lighter than the average.

The examples from Japan are notably like the average of those
from Canada and N. York, all having that same greenish-
blue tinge of under surface which is more peculiar to the
latter.

My hope was that Faunus might prove constant enough in
depth of colour of outer margins of upper surface to allow
its being cited as a form or variety of Q Album, but, as 1 be-
fore said, when the darker European examples are placed
aside of the paler American ones, this ceases to be a distinc-
tion at all, as we know not where C Album ends or Faunus
begins. Besides, there are in Europe forms of C Album that
are yellow below, presenting far greater differences from the
darker forms of the same than do the most aberrant of the
latter from the N. American examples; these yellow (.-xam-
ples have analogues in some of the variations of Comma and
Salyrus, which on under side are yellow of various shades
from pale ochre to dark orange tawny. As to the before
mentioned Japanese examples, they are almost fac-si miles of
those from America save that they are of average larger size
though not larger than the largest of the latter.

Larva on willow (Salix Hamilis).

var. a. HYLAS, W. H. EDWDS., (Grapta //.), Trans. Am.
Ent. Sue., IV, p. 68, (1872); Butt. N. Am.. 11,
t. I, Grapta, (1875); Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p.
768, (1875).

Polygonia Zephyrus, Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 252,
(1875).

Smaller; otherwise differing little from the Ka^d-rn i'nrm

( 'ulorado.

AMERICAN MACROLEPIDOPTERA NORTH OF MEXICO.

131

f*261a. RUSTIGUS, W. H. EDWDS., (Grapta R.}, Trans. Am.
Knt. Soc., V, p. 107, (1874).

I cannot, by the description, separate this from the preceding

California,

Vancouver's

Island.

species, with which it is probably identical.

262. SATYRUS, W. H. EDWDS., (Grapta 8.), Trans. Am, ; Colorado,
Ent. Soc., II, p. 374, (1869); Butt. N. Am., I, t. California,

V, p. 767, (1875); (Nym. S.) Kirby, Cat., p. 648,
(1871); (Polygvnia S.) Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p.
252, (1875). '
var. a, MARSYAS, W. H. EDWDS., (Grapta M.}, Trans.

Rocky Mts.

Am. Ent. Soc., Ill, p. 16, (1870); Butt. N. Am.,

II, t, 2, Grapta, (1875) ; (Nym. M.) Kirby, Cat., p.
648, (1871); (Polyg. M.} Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p.

252, (1875).

Under surface dark reddish.
Larva on nettle ( Urtica}.
263. OREAS, W. H. EDWDS., (Grapta 0.}, Trans. Am. Ent. California,
Soc., II, p. 373, (1869); 1. c., V, p. 109, (1874); Oregon,
(Van. 0.} Kirby, Cat,, p. 183, (1871); (Polyg. 0.) Vancouver's
Scud., Buff. Bull, II, p. 252, (1875). Island.

Grap. C Album, Behr, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sc., Ill,
]>. 123, (1864).

Grap. Silenus, W. H. Edivds., Trans. Am. Ent, Sue.,

III, p. 15, (1870); Butt, N. Am., II, t. 1, Grapta,
(1874); (Nym. 8.} Kirby, Cat,, p. 648, (1871);
(Polyg. 8.) Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 252, (1875).
Larva on Urtica.

t*264. SILVIUS, W. H. EDWDS., (Grapta 8.), Trans. Am. Ent, California

Soc., V, ]>. 108, (1874).

265. ZEPHYRUS, W. H. EDWDS., (Grapta Z.), Trans. Am. Colorado,
Ent, Soc., Ill, p. 16, (1870); Butt. N. Am., I, t, Nevada,
6, Grapta, (1872); (Nym. Z.} Kirby, Cat., p. 648, Montana,
(1871); (Grap. Z.} Hy. Edwds., Proe. Cal. Acad. California.
Nat. Sc., V, p. 169, Lar., (1873); Mead, Wheeler's Oregon
Rep., V, p. 769, (1875); (Polyg. Z.) Scud., Buff. Utah.
Bull., II, p. 252, (1875).

Polyg. Thiodamas, Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 252,
(1875).
Larva on Azalea Occidentalis.

Grap. C-Argenteum, Scud., Proc. Ess. Inst,, III, p. shire

169, (1862).
Grap. Faunus, Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 252, (1875).

Larva on willow (Salix Humilis}.

Basal third of under surface of wings deep reddish brown or
claret coloured.

182

CATALOGUE OF THE

266. PROGNE, CRAM., (Pap. P.], Pap. Ex., I, t. 5, (1 775) ; Fabr.,

Gen. Ins., p. 264, (1777); Sp. Ins., II, p. 93,
(1781); Ent. Syst., III, 1, p. 124, (1793); Herbst,
Natursyst, Ins. Schmett., VII, p. 61, t. 163, (1794);
( Pod/gonia P.) Hiib., Vor/. Bek. Schmett., p. 36,
(IS] 6); (Van. P.) Godt., Enc. Meth.. IX, p. 304,
(1819); Bdl.-Lec,, Lep. Am. Sept., p. 188, t. 50,
(1833); (Grapta P.) Pbldy.-Hew., Gen. Diur.
Lep., I, p. 197, (1846-1850); (Van. P.) Emm.,
A-r. Nat. Hist. N. York, p. 207, (1854); Fitch,
Rep. X. York State Agr. Soc., p. 428, (1856);
Morris, Syn., p. 56, (1862); Harris, fns. Inj. Veg.,
Flint's Ed., p. 301, (1862); (Urapta P.] Lint.,
Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil., Ill, p. 58, Lar., (1864);
Reak., Proc. Ent. Soc, Phil., VI, p. 143, (1866);
Pack., Guide, p. 260, f. 188, (1869); (Van. /'.)
Kirby, Cat., p. 182, (1871); Stgr., Cat., p. 16,
(1871); (Polygonia P.] Send., Syst, Rev. Am. Butt,
10, (1872); Buff'. Bull., II, p. 253, (1875).
Pap. Grogne, Fabr., Mant. Ins., II, p. 50, (1787).
Grapta C Argcnteum, Kirby, Faun. Bor. AMI., IV, p.

292, t, 3, f! 6, 7, (1837).'

var. a. L-ARGENTEUM, SCUD., (Polyyonia L.\ Buff.
Bull., II, p. 253, (1875).

Upper surface of .secondaries mostly blackish.
Larva, on cultivated and wild currant, and wild
gooseberry (Ribcs Rotundifolium).

267. VA IT-ALBUM, WIEN. VERZ., (Pap. V), p. 176, (1776);

( Van. V.) Kirby, Cat., p. 184, (1871).

Pa.p. V. Album, Fabr., Mant. Ins., II, p. 50, (1787);
Ent. Syst,, III, 1, p. 122, (1793); Hiib., Eur.
Schmett., I, f. 83, 84, (? 1793), Nymph. C. c., Lar.;
Ochs., Schmett. Eur., I, 1, p. 11 2,' (1807); (Eugonia
V.) Hiib., Verz. Bek. Schmett,, p. 36, (1816);
(Van. F.) Godt,, Enc. Meth., IX, p. 306, (1819);
J)up., Hist, Nat. Lep., I, 23, 1, 2, (1832); Bdl.,
Icon., I, 24, (1832); Sp. Gen., I, t, 10, f. 1, (1836);
Lucas, Pap. Eur., p. 59, t, 3, (1834) ; (Tachyptera
V.) Borge, Schmett,, t, 45, (1842); (Van. F.) Dup.,
Icon. Hist, Nat., I, p. 104, t. 11, Lar., (1849).

Pap. L Album, Esp., Schmett., I, 2, t. 62, (1780);
Sdm., Syst, Besch., I, p. 163, (1787); Bkh., Nat,
Schmett!, I, pp. 17, 204, (1788); Herbst, Natursyst.
Ins. Schmett,, VII, p. 56, t, 162, (1794); H-S ,
Syst, Bearb. Schmett, Eur., p. 40, (1843); Stgr.,
Cat., p. 16, (1871).

Pap. Poli/chloriis, Cram., (ncc L.}, Pap. Ex., IV, t.
330, (1782); (Fan. P.) Emm., AOT. Nat, Hist. N.
Y., V, p. 208, (1854).

Van. J album, Bdl.-Lec., Lep. Am. Sept., p. 185, t,
50, (1833); Morris, Syn., p. 56, (1862); Harris,
Ins. Inj. Veg., Flint's Ed., p. 298, (1862); (Grapta

Northern
U. S. to the
Rocky Mts. ;
Canada,
Labrador,
British Co-
i lumbia,
Kamtsehat-
ka, Siberia,
Japan.

Northern
U. States
east of the
Rocky Mts. ;

I Canada,
Labrador ;
British Co-

j lumbia to the
Pacific ; Si-

! beria, Rus-
sia. Ilun-

| j^ary, Ger-
many.

AMERICAN MACROLEPIDOPTERA NORTH OF MEXICO.

133

./.) Lint., Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil., Ill, p. 58, Lar.,
(1864); (Nymphalis J.) Scud., Syst, Re.*. Am.
Butt., 11, (1872) ; (Eugonia J.) Scud., Buff. Bull.,
II, p. 253, (1875).

Van. Urticcv, Harris, (nee //.), Hitch. Rep. Gco.
Min., etc., Ed. 1, p. 520, (1833).
Larva on willow.

There is a slight tendency to suffusion in the black marks of
upper surface in the American examples; and towards the
exterior margins of upper surface of secondaries the colour
is a little paler, but these trivial and scarce constant differ-
ences can be considered by no means sufficient to separate
them specifically 'from the European examples.

268. CALIFORNICA, BDL., Ann. Soc, Ent. Fr., 2me Ser. X, p.

306, (1852); Morris, Syn., p. 58, (1862); Behr, |
Pror. Cal. Aead. Nat. " So., Ill, p. 123, (1864);
Pack., Guide, p. 259, (1869); Kirby, Cat., p. 184,
(1871); Hy. Edwds., Proc, Cal. Arad. Nat. Sc., V,
p. 171, Lar., (1875); Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p.
769, (1875); (Eugonia C.) Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p.
253, (1875).
Larva on Ceanothus Thyrsiflorus.

269. MILBERTI, GODT., Enc. Meth., IX, p. 307, (1819); Bdl.-

Lec., Lep. Am. Sept., p. 187, t, 50, (1833); Dbldy.-
Hew., Gen. Dinr. Lep., I, p. 201, t. 26, (1846-
1850); Harris, Ins. Inj. Veg., Flint's Ed., p. 302,
f. 125, (1862); Morris,' Syn., p. 56, (1862); Lint.,
Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil., Ill, p. 61, Lar., (1864);
Reak., 1. c., VI, p. 143, (1866); Saund., Can. Ent,,
I, p. 76, (1869); Kirby, Cat., p. 143, (1871); Hy. I
Edwds., Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat, Sc., Lar., (Oct. 6,
1873) ; (Aglais M.) Scud., Syst. Rev. Am. Butt, p.
21, (1872); Buff. Bull., II, p. 251, (1875).

Van. Furcillata, Say, Am. Ent,, II, t. 27, (1825);
(Pap. E.) Brown,' Const, Mis. Butt., I, p. 180, t,
40, (1832); Kirby, Faun. Bor. Am., IV, p. 292,
(1837).

Van. Milhertii, Pack., Guide, p. 259, (1869) ; Mead.,
Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 769, (1875).
Larva on nettles ( Urticce).

Emmons, in Agr. Nat. Hist. N. Y., V, p. 209, t. 4(i, (1854),
describes and figures V. Urticn; stating that it occurred in N.
York, of course erroneously, as no authenticated instance of
its capture in this country is known.

270. ANTIOPA, LINN., (Pap. A.}, Syst, Nat., Ed. X, p. 476,

(1758); Faun. Suec., p. ' 277, (1761) ; Syst. Nat,,
Ed. XII, I, 2, p. 776, (1767); Pod., Ins. Mus.
(Trace,, p. 71, (1761); Scop., Ent. Cam., p. 148,
n. 419, (1763); Fabr., Syst, Ent., p. 503, (1775);
Sp. Ins., II, p. 89, (1781); Mant, Ins., II, p. 48,
(1787); Ent, Syst,, III, 1, p. 115, (1793); Esp.,
Schmett., I, 1, t. 12, (1777), t. 29, (1778); Bergstr.,
Norn., t. 39, t. 112, (1779); Brk., Natur. Schmett.,

California,
Oregon.

Labrador,
Canada,
Brit, Colum-
bia, N. Eng.
States,
N. York,
Penna.,
Ohio, Mich-
igan, Ind.,
111., Mis-
souri, Wis-
consin, Iowa,
Colorado,
Montana,
Nevada,
California,
Oregon.

In all parts
of N. Am.
except the
Polar region;
Europe,
Siberia.

134 CATALOGUE OF THE

I, pp. 11, 195, (1788); Hub., Eur. Schmett, I, f.
79, 80, (1793), on t. Nym. C a., also Lar. ; Herbst,
Natursyst Ins., VII, p. 96, t. 166, (1794); Don.,
Nat. Hist. Brit, Insects, III, p. 45, t. 89, (1794);
Wilh., Unt. Nat. Ins., II, p. 91, t, 12, (1797);
(Nymph. A.} Latr., Hist. Nat. Crust, et Ins., XIV,
p. 83, t, 105, (1805) ; (Pap. A.} Oehs., Schmett., I,
1, 110, (1807); (Euaonia A.} Hiil)., Verz Bek.
Schmett, p. 37, (1816); (Aalais A.) Dalm., Ve-
tensk. Aead. Handl., 64, (1816); (Van. A.) Godt.,
Enc. Meth., IX, p. 308, (1819); Steph., 111. Brit,
Ent, Haust., i, p. 45, (1828); (Pap. A.) Brown,
Const, Mis. Butt,, Vol. I, p. 160, t. 26, (1832);
(Van. A.} Bdl.-Lec., Lep. Am. Sept., p. 173,
(1833); Lucas, Pap. Eur., p. 58, t, 1, (1834);
Duncan, Nat. Lib. Ent,, III, p. 168, t. 18, (1835);
Kirby, Faun. Bor. Am., IV, p. 293, (1837); (Ta-
clii/plera A.} Berge, Schmett., p. 99, t. 44, (1842);
( Van. A.} Emm., Agr. Nat. Hist. N. York, V, p.
20, t. 6, (1854) ; Humphreys, Brit, Butt,, p. 53, t,
14, (1841); Harris, Ins. Inj. Veg., Flint's Ed., p.
296, f. 121, 122, (1862);* Morris, Syn., p. 57,
(1862); Behr, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. So., Ill, p.
125, (1864); Lint., Proc. Ent, Soc., Phil., Ill, p.
59, Lar., (1864; ; Reak., 1. c., VI, p. 143, (1866);
Pack., Guide, p. 258, (1869) ; Saund., Can. Ent., I,
p. 75, Lar., (1869); Stgr., Cat,, p. 16, (1871);
Kirby, Cat., p. 183, (1871); Hy. Edwds., Proc.
Cal. 'Acad. Nat, So., Lar., (Oct. 6, 1873); Mead,
Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 769, (1875); (Pap. A.)
Scud., Butt'. Bull., II, p. 254, (1875).

Pap. Pompadour, Poll., Bemerk. Churpf. Oek. Ges.,
(1779).

Pap. Mono, Linn., Faun. Suec., Ed. 1, p. 232, (1746);
Retz., Gen. et Sp. Ins., 31, (1783); (Van. M.)
Godt, Plist Nat. Lep., 1, p. 93, t. 5, (1821).

, &ba, Thes., IV, p. 39, t, 32, f. 1, 2,
(1765).

-, Enyr., Pap. Eur., I, p. 1, t. 1, (1779).

ab. a. HYGI/EA, HDROH., Verz. Eur. Schmett., p. 7,

(1851); Stgr., Cat, p. 17, (1871); Kirby, Cat, p.

183, (1871); (Pap. H.} Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p.

254, (1875).
Pap. Antiopa, Huh., Eur. Schmett,, I, f. 993, (1829-

1841); (Tan. A.) Frey., Neu. Beit., II, t. 145,

(?1835)
Van. Antiopa var., Mill., Icon. Chen, et Lep., X, p.

420, t 94, (1868).
Van. Lintnerii, Fitch, 3d Rep. Trans. X. York State

Agr. Soc., p. 485, (1856); Morris, Syn., p. 57,

(1862); Streck., Lep., Rhop.-Het., p. 7, (1872);

Bunker, Can. Ent. VIII, p. 240, (1876).

-, Enr/r., Pap. Eur., I, t. 1, f. If, (1779). ,

AMERICAN MACROLEPIDOPTERA NORTH OF MEXICO.

135

The yellow border much broader, extending over the space
that in th normal form is occupied with the row of blue
spots, these latter either entirely wanting or else faint traces
of them are on the secondaries only, as in Hubner's and Mil-
liere's figures. In one example I have seen the yellow bor-
der encroached to such an extent as to cover nearly the whole
outer half of all wings.

|ab. b. 9 With the border on upper side of primaries black in-
stead of yellow. Mus. Streck.

W. Hobo-

| ken, N. Jer-

Herbst, on t. 1G8, Vol. VII, figures another aberration of great b J '
size with white border to the wings and the blue spots enor-
mously large.

In Seba, Vol. IV, (1765), t. 32, f. 5, 6, another is represented
in which the white marks on outer part of primaries at costa
are entirely wanting, and on the under surface the dark col-
our of all wings is uniform, devoid of all marbling or reticu-
lation ; this example is, 1 believe, still in existence in the
St. Petersburg Museum.

Larva on willow, elm, poplar.

GENUS 9. PYRAMEIS, HUB.

271. ATALANTA, LINN., (Pap. A.}, Syst. Nat,, Ed. X, p. 478, i Whole of
(1758), Ed. XII, I, 2, p. 779, (1767); Faun. Suec., N. America
p. 279, (1761); Pod., Ins. Mus. Graec., p. 72, except the
(1761); Scop., Ent, Cam., p. 148, (1763) ; Fabr., Polar region;
Syst. Ent,, p. 504, (1775); Sp. Ins., II, p. 90, Europe,
(1781); Mant, Ins., II, p. 49, (1787); Ent, Syst., N.Africa.
Ill, 1, p. 118, (1793); Esp., Schmett. Eur., I, 1,
t. 14, (1777); Bergs., Norn., t. 20, (1779); Brk.,
Natur. Schmett,, 1, pp. 12, 196, (1788); Hiib.,
Eur. Schmett,, 1, f. 75, 76, (?1793), Nymph. C a.,
f. a, b, Lar. ; Herbst, Natursyst. Ins. Schmett.,

VII, p. 171, t. 180, f. 3, 4, (1794); Wilh., Lint.
Nat. Ins., II, p. 118, t. 15, (1797); Don., Brit. Ins.,

VIII, p. 19, t, 260, (1799); (Pap. Nym.A.) Schaef.,
Icon., II, t. 148, vol. of text, p. 141, (1804);
(i\ymph. A.) Latr., Hist. Nat. Crust, et Ins., XIV,
p. 86, (1805); (Pap. A.) Ochs., Schmett. Eur., I,
1, 104, (1807); (Pyratn. A.) Hiib., Verz. Bek.
Schmett., p. 33, (1816); (Aglais A.) Dalm., Ve-
tensk. Acad. Handl., 55, (1816); (Libytkea A) La-
marck, Hist. Anim. sans Vert., IV, 29, (1817);
(Van. A.) Godt., Enc. Meth., IX, p. 319, (1819);
Hist. Nat. Lep., 1, p. 99, t. 6, (1821); Steph., 111.
Brit. Ent. Haust., 1, p. 46, (1828); ( Van. A.) Bdl.-
Lec., Lep. Am. Sept., p. 175, (1833); Lucas, Tap.
Eur., p. 57, t. 1, (1834-35); (Cynthia A.) Harris,
Hitch. Rep. Min. Geo., etc., Mass., Ed. I, p. 390,
(1833); (Van. A.} Duncan, Nat. Lib. Ent., Ill, p.
170, t. 20, (1835); (Tachyptera A.) Berge, Schmett,,
p. 100, t. 45, (1842); (Van. A.) Emm., Agr. Nat,
Hist. N. York, V, p. 209. (1854); (Cyntlda A.)
Humph., Brit. Butt., p. 55, t. 15, (1841) ; Harris,
Ins. Inj. Veg., Flint's Ed., p. 294, f. 120, (1862);

13G

CATALOGUE OF THE

(Pyram. A.} Morris, Syn., p. 58, (1862); Behr,
Proe. Cal. Acad. Nat. Se., Ill, p. 125, (1864);
Pack., Guide, p. 261, (1869); Kirby, Cat, p. 185,
(1871 ) ; ( Van. A.} Stgr., Cat., p. 17, ( 1 871) ; (Pyram.
A.) Hy. Edwds., Proc. Cal. Ac-ad. Nat. Sc., V, Lar.,
(Oct. 6, 1873); Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 770,
(1875); (Van. A.) Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 254,
(1875).

Pap. Amiralis, Retz., Gen. et Sp. Ins., 31, (1783).
-, Merian, Eur. Ins., t, 91, (1730).
-, tieba, Thes., IV, p. 6, t. J, f. D.l-D.

4, (1765).

-, Engr., Pap. Eur., p. 17, t. 6, (1779).

Larva on nettles ( Urtiea), hops (ffuvnulns Lupulus),
Boehmeria Cylindrica.

Tliis species is very seldom subject to any great variation. I
have seen no example in this country showing any remark-
able aberrancy.

On t. 80, f. 4, Esper figures a most wonderful variety which
was taken in Tyrol. This figure has been copied by Herbst
in his Vol. VII, t. 180, and also by other European authors.
Herr-Sch. also figures a most extraordinary form (in Vol. I,
f. 547, 548). In the figures above cited the whole style of
ornamentation is changed.

Milliere, in his Icon.. X, t. 88, (1867), figures a curious form
in which all the bands that are orange, normally, are here
brownish or greyish white and semidiaphanous.

272. CARDUI, LINX., (Pap. C.), Syst. Nat., Ed. X, p. 475, | N America
(1758), Ed. XII, p. 774, (1767); Eaun. Suec., p. except the
276, (1761); Scop., Ent. Cam., p. 150, (1763); Polar region;
Fahr., Syst. Ent., p. 499, (1775); Sp. Ins., II, p. i lld ia, Asia
82, (1781); Mant. Ins., II, p. 45, (1787); Ent. Minor, Eu-
Syst., Ill, 1, p. 104, (1793); Esp., Schmett., I, 1, rope, Africa,
t. 10, (1777); Bergstr., Norn., t. 62, (1779); Brk.,
Natur. Schmett, I, p. 199, (1788); Hub., Eur.
Schmett., I, f. 73, 74, ('! 1793), Nymph. C a, f. la,
I), c, Lai. ; Wilh., Unt. Nat. Ins.', II, p. 77, t. 9,
(1797); Don., Brit. Ins., IX, p. 9, t. 292, (1800);
(Pap. Nymph. C.) Schaef., Icones, I, t. 97, vol. of
text, p. 108, (1804); (Nymph. C.} Latr., Hist. Nat.
Crust, et Ins., XIV, p. 87, (1805); (Oynthia C.}
Eabr., 111. Mag. Ins., VI, 281, (1807); ( Van. C.)
Ochs., Schmett, Eur., I, 1, 102, (1807); Hub.,
Verz. Bek. Schmett., p, 33, (1816); (Aylais C.)
Dalin., Vetensk. Acad. Handl., 65, (1816) ; (Liby-
iliea C.) Lamarck, Hist. Anim. sans Vcrtebr., IV,
29, (1817); (Van. C.) Godt,, Enc. Meth., IX, p.
323, (1819); (Cynthia C.) Steph., 111. Brit, Ent.
Haust., I, p. 47, (1828); (Van. C.) Bdl.-Lec.,
Lep. Am. Sept., p. 178, (1833); Bill., Eaun. Ent.
Mad., p. 43, (1834); (Ci/tttltia C'.) Don., Nat. Lib.
Ent., Ill, p. 174, t, 19, (1835); Kirby, Eaun.
Bur. Am., IV, p. 295, (1837); Humph., Brit.
Butt., p. 56, t. 15, (1841); (Tticliyptn.ni C.)

AMERICAN MACROLEPIDOPTERA NORTH OF MEXICO.

137

Bero;p, Schmctt., p. KM), t. 45, (1842) ; (Van. C.)
Bdl., A]>|). Yoy. dc IVlc-o-., p. 51)2, (1847); (Pyram.
f.) Dbldy.-Hew., Gen. Diur. Lep., I, ].' 2<)5,
(1846-1850); Cl.ciiu, Euc. Hist. Nat. Pap. Diur.,
I, f. 215, (1X52); (T^irj. C) Bell., Ann. Ent, Fr.,
2iiic Ser. X, p. 3< )7, (1852); (Cynthia ('.} Emm.,
Agr. Xat. Hist. N. York, V, p. 210, t. 46, (1851);
Staint., Man. Brit. Butt., I, p. 37, (1857); (I'ymnt.
C.) IIorsf'.-Moore, Cat. Lep. Mus. E. I. C 1 ., p'. I .'IS,

(1S57);

( '.) Harris, Ins. Jnj.

Elint's

Ed., p. 201, f. 118, (1862); (Pyram. C.) Morris,
Syn., p. 59, (1862); Trim., PJiop. Air. Anstr., I,
p'. 119, (1862); Bohr, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat, Sc.,
III, p. 125, (isiil); Pack., Guide, ]>. 261, (ISM!));
Saund., (au. Ent,, I, p. 93, Lar., (1 869) ; Kirl.y,
(at., p. 185. (1X71); ( Van. ( .) 'Stgr., Cat,, p. 17,
(1871); (Pi/mm. C.) Ply. Edwds., Proc. Cal. Acad.
Nat. Sc., V, Lar., (Oct.' 6, 1873); Mead, Wheeler's
Re])., V, p. 770, (1875); (Van. C.) Saul., Buff.
Bull., 11, p. 254, (1875).

. 7>WA/</oH/m,.yv//>., Pap. Brit., p. 2, t. 4, (1717);
Liuu., Eauu. Suec , Ed., 1, ]. 235, (1746); ( Van. B.)
( Jodt., Hist. Nat. Lep., 1, p. 102, t. 5, (1820); Lucas,
Pap. Eur., p. 57, t, 3, (1X54).

Pap. ( 'arduelis, SV-/>a, Thes., IV, p. 6, t. 1,(1765);
Cram., Pap. Exot., 1, t, 26, f. E, F, (1779).

-, Mcrian, Eur. Ins., t, 116, (1730).

,, Pap. Eur., p. 20, t. 7, (1779).

ah. a. ELYMI, RAMB., (V<ru. E.}, Ann. Soc. ()l)s., II, t.

5, f. 1, 2, (1829); Kirl.y, Cat., p. 186, (1871);

Stgr., Cat., p. 17, (1871). '
Van. (\trtlui, m/-., J-/-S., Schmett. Eur., I, t'. 157,

158, (1843).

Normal form of ornamentation obliterated. Upper aide of pri-
maries lias the luisal half covered with an orange yellow
blotch; subapical white spots confluent. Secondaries orange
yellow ; on costal parts blackish, this colour extending along
(he veins to outer margin ; before it reaches the latter this
colour broadens into diamond-shaped marks; a submarginal
row of white spots. Under side of primaries much as above,
but with a broad white submarginal band. Secondaries mot-
lied pale greyish, with a broad white marginal band ; in some
instances nearly the whole surface of secondaries beneath is
white, in others the white predominates on the upper surface
to the greater exclusion of the black. Two examples, Mus.
Mrs. Eridgham, taken in N. Jersey.

|ab. I). ATE, NOB. Upper surface primaries suffused heavily with

blackish, the normal markings entire! v gone, ihe orange
confined to a blotch on disc on half of wing towards ihe
inner margin, said blotch merging into the blackish on
all sides; the large subapical white bar entirely wanting.
Secondaries obscured with blackish, the row of black spots
faintly discernible and pupilled with white points. Under
side primaries much as on upper side, secondaries black ex-
cept along the abdominal margin where the ordinary colour-
ation and marking is retained; veins white; the six ocelli
as in ordinary form ; a narrow yellowish or clay coloured
margin exteriorly. Body white beneath. Mus. Streck.
Taken in Summit Co., Ohio.

138

CATALOGUE OF THE

Trimen, in Rhop. Afr. \nstr., p. 1X4, cites an example taken
at King William's Town, S. Afr., which, according to his de-
scription, agrees with the above var. in almost every particular.

Larva on thistles (Carduua, Cnicii*, Circiuni), nettle
( Urtica), Althaea Rosa, Helianthus, Malvaceae,
and some other plants.

273. CARYE, HUB., (Hamadryas decora. C.), Samm. YJ\.

Schmett., I, (1806-1816); (\ r an. C.) Hiib., Verz.
Bek. Schmett., p. 33, (1816); (Pi/ram. C.) Dbldy.-
Hew., Gen. Diur. Lep., I, p. 205,(i 846- 1850); Behr,
Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sc., Ill, p. 125, (1864);
Kirby, Cat., p. 186, (1871); Hy. Edwds., Proc.
Cal. Acad. Nat. Sc., IV, p. 329, Lar., (July 6,
1874); (Kan. C.) Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 255,
(1875).

Van. Charic, Blanch., Gay, Faun. Chil., VII, p. 26,
t. 2, Atlas, (1852).
Larva on Malvaceae and Irtica.

274. HUNTERA, FABR., (Pap. II.}, Syst. Ent., p. 499, (1775);

Sp. Ins., II, p. 83, (1781); Maut. Ins,, II, p. 45,
(1787); Ent. Syst,, III, 1, p. 101, (1793); Herbst,
Natursyst. Ins.' Schmett., VI I, p. 165, t. 178 d", '
179 9, (1794) j Ab.-S., Ins. Ga., I, t, 9, (1797);
( Van. H.) Hiib., Samm. Ex. Schmett., Ill, (1806-
1816); Godt., Enc. Meth., IX, p. 324, (1819);
Bdl.-Lec., Lep. Am. Sept., p. 180, t, 48, (1833);
(Cynthia H.} Harris, Hitch. Hep. Geo. Min., etc.,
Mass., Ed. I, p. 590, (1833); Humph., Brit. Butt.,
p. 57, t. 15, (1841); (Pi/ram. H.) Dbldy.-Hew.,
(Jen. Diur. Lep., I, p. 205, (1846-1850); (Cynthia
H.) Emm., A^r. Nat, Hist. N. Y., V, p. 210, (1854);
Harris, Ins. Inj. Veg., Flint's Ed., p. 292, f. 119,
(1862); (Pi/ram. H.) Morris, Syn., p. 60, (1862);
Lint., Proc. Ent. Soc.,Phil., Ill, p. 63, Lar., (1864);
Saund., Can. Ent., I, p. 105, Lar., (1869) ; Pack.,
Guide, p. 261, (1869); Hy. Edwds., Proc. Cal.
Acad. Nat, Sc., V, (1873); '(Van. H.) Scud., Buff.
Bull., II, p. 254, (1875).

Pap. Belladonna virqiniana ocidis snhtus minor ibus,
Pdiv., Gazoph., IV, t. 33, f. 5, (1711).

Pap. Cardui Virginiensis, Dm., 111. Ex. Ent., I, t. 5,
(1770).

Pap. Me, Cram., Pap. Ex., I, t. 12, (1779).

Van. Huntcri, Hub., Verz. Bek. Schmett., p. 33,
(1816).

Pyranieis Virginiensis, Kirbi/, Cat., p. 186, (1871).
Larva on the various species of Gnaphalium.

GENUS 10. JUNONIA, HUB.

275. C(ENiA, HUB., Samm. Ex. Schmett., II, (1816-1824);
(I "an. C.) Bdl.-Lec,, Lop. Am. Sept., p. 182, t. 49,
(1833); (Jnn. C.) Morris, Syn., p. 61, (1862);
Behr, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sc.,' Ill, p. 126, (1864);
Pack., Guide, p. 261, (1S<>9) ; Kirby, Cat , p. 188,

( 'a I i forma,
Nevada,
Arizona,
Mexico, Pe-
ru, Chili.

( 'anada ;
r.Statosand
Territories
from Atlan-
tic to Pacific;
Mexico,
Cent. Am.,
^Y. Indies.

M., S. and
W. States,
from At. to
IV. ; Mex.;
Cent. Am.

AMERICAN MACROLKPIDOPTERA NORTH OF MEXICO.

139

(1871); Hy. Edwds., Proo. Cal. Acad. Xat, Sc., V,

Lar., (Oct.' 6, 1873); Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 255,

(1875).

Pap. Orythia, Abb.-H., Ins. Ga., I, t. 8, (1797).
Vanessa Larinia, GodL, Enc. Meth., IX, p. 318,

(1819).
Cynthia Lavinia, Harr., (nee Cram.), Hitcli.lxep.Cieo.

Min., etc., Mass., Ed. I, p. 590, (1833); Ins. Inj.

Veg., Flint's Ed., p. 293, (1862).

Larva on Plantot/o Lanceolata, Gerardia Purpurca,
Antirrhinum Canadensis.

Subject to much variation on under side, especially of seconda-
ries, some examples being whitish ochraceous, others claret
coloured, some immaculate, others reticulated and with ocelli.

Pap. Lavinia, Cram., I, t. 21, C. D, (1779), is the form found
in S. Am. and the Antilles. Pap. Evarete, III, t. 203, C, I),
(1782), is another 8. Am. var. of the same. Pap. Genoveva,
IV, t. 290, E, F, is also a S. Am. form of same. Hamadryaa
decora Evarete, Hub., Sam. Ex., I, is the same S. Am.
form as Cram.'s Evarete, I, t. 21. The fig. 2-S, 211, t. 239,
Sloane's Jamaica, (172.">), represents the same form, or some-
tiling near it at least, as the one above cited in Cram., 1, t. 21.

GENUS 11. ANARTIA, HUB.

27G. JATROPIIJE, LINN., (Pop. ./.), Mus. Lud. Ulr. R<^\, p. ' S. Florida,
289, (1704); Syst. Xat., Ed. XII, I, 2, p.' 779, W.Indies,
(1707); Job., Amcen. A cad., VI, p. 408, (1704); Texas,
Eabr., Syst, Ent., p. 493, (1775); Sp. Ins., II, p. Mexico,
75, (1781); Mant. Ins., II, p. 37, (1787); Ent, Cent, Am.,
Syst, III, 1, p. 98, (1793); Cram., Pap. Ex., Ill, Surinam,
t.' 202, (1782); Herbst, Xatnrsvst. Ins. Sclimett., Brazil.
VII, p. 134, t. 172, (1794); (Hamadri/as decora
J.) Hiil)., Sainni. Ex. Sehmett., I, (1800-1810);
(Anartia .7.) Verx. Bek. Sehmett,, p. 33, (1810);
(Van. J.) Godt., Enc. Meth., IX, p. 297, (1819);
(Anartia J.) Dbldv.-Hew., Gen. Diur. Lep., 1, p.
210, (1840-1850);" Morris, Syn., p. 02, (1802);
Kirby, Cat,, p. 194, (1871); Send., Buff. Bull., II,
p. 255, (1875).

-, Met-ian, Met. Ins. Sur., t, 4, (1719).

-, Gronov, Zooph., 2, p. 197, (1703).

-, Seba, Thes., IA r , p. 38, t. 30, f. 19,
20, (1705).

GENUS 12. AGERONIA, HUB.

277. FERONIA, LINN., (Pap. F.), Syst, Xat., Ed. X, p. 473, S.W.Texas,
(1758); Mus. Lud. Ulr. Reg., p. 283, (1704); Syst. Mexico,
Xat,, Ed. XII, I, 2, p. 770, (1707); Clerck, Icones, Cent. Am.,
t. 31, (1704); Dm., 111. Ex. Ent., I, t. 10, (1770) ; S. Am.
Fabr., Syst, Ent,, p. 491, (1775); Spec. Ins., II, p.
71, (1781); Mant. Ins., II, p. 30, (1787); Ent.

140

CATALOGUE OF THE

Syst,, Ill, 1, p. 220, (1793); Cram., Pap. Ex., If,
t. 192, (1779); Herbst, Natursyst, Ins. Schmett,,
VIII, p. 258, t, 225, (1790); (Hamadryas decora
F.} Hiih., Samm. Ex. Schniett., 1, (1806-1816);
(Ayer. F.) Verz. Bek. Schmett., p. 42, (1810);
(Nymph. F.} Godt., Enc. Moth., IX, p. 428, (1823);
(Ayer. F.) Chenu, Pap. Dim-., f. 151, (1852); (Am-
phlichlora F.) Fekl, Ncu. Lcp., 19, (1801); Scud.,
Buff. Bull., II, p. 250, (1875); (Ayer. F.) Kirby,
Cat., ]>. 215, (1871).

-, tieba, Thes., IV, p. 40, t. 38, f. 1 0, 1 1 ,( 1 705).

Cram.'s figures A, B, t. 3<>2, Vol. IV, which lie has cited as
feronia, are not that species, but Ferentinu.

278. FORNAX, Hun., Samm. Ex. Schniett., II, (1810-1824) ;
I>l>ldy.-He\v., Gen. Diur. Lep., t. 10, (1847);
Chenu, Pap. Diur., I, f. 152, (1851-1853) ; (Amph.
F.) Fekl, Nou. Lep., 19, (1801) ; (Ayer. F.) Kirby,
Cat., p. 215, (1871); (Amph. F.) Scud., Buff. Bull.,
II, p. 250, (1875).

GENUS 13. EUNICA, HUP,.

289. MONIMA, CRAM., (Pap. If.), Pap. Ex., IV, t. 387, F, G,
(1782); (Mm. M.) Herr-Soh., Reg. Corr.-blatt.
Zool. Miii. Ver., XVIII, p. 102, (1804).
:' N-i/mp/i. Myrta, Godt., Euc, Meth., IX, p. 418, (1823);
(Eun.M.} Hub., Yerx. Bek. Schniett,, p. 01, ( 1810).
Eun. Modesta, Bate*, Ent, Mo. Mag-., I, p. 113, (1804);
Kirby, Cat., p. 200, (1871).

En, i. (Pap.) OrpAtse, Cram., I, t. 42, f. E, F ; Eun. Hyperipte,
Hub., Sam in. Ex.,; and E. (Libyl/iea) Cuvie.ru, Lucas, I'a[i.
Ex., t. Ill, are all d Hit-rent species from ours, none being
identical, as has been sometirueH supposed.

GENUS 14. CALLICORE, HUB.

280. CLYMENA, CRAM., (Pap. C.), Pap. Ex., J, t, 24, E, F,

(1779); ((Atll. C.) Hiib., \ r er/. Bek. Schmett., ]>.
41, (1810); Ilub.-Gey., f. 583, (1837); Kirby,
Cat,, p. 207, (1871); (Diaethria C.) Scud., ButT.
Hull., II, p. 255, (1875).

Pap. Clymcnux, Fair., Sp. Ins., II, p. 53, (1781);
Mant. Ins., II, p. 20, (1787); Ent, Syst., ILL, p.
43, (1793); (i\ymplt. C.} Godt., Enc. Meth., IX, p.
125, (1823); Lucas, Pap. Ex., p. 135, t, 72, (1S35).

In the copies of Lucas that I have seen, the extra discal band
mi upper side ol primaries is painted crimson, which of
course was a diversion of the colourist's, as nothing in nature
or the text warrant* it.

GENUS 15. CYST1NEURA, BI>L.

281. DORCAS, FAP.R., (Pap. J).), Svst. Knt,, p. 508, (1775) ; Sp.

Ins., II, p. !)7, (1781); Maul. Ins., LI,' p. 53, (1787).
C/y.s'L Amymone, Men., En. An. Mus. I'ctr. l^cp., I, p.
'123, I.' 9, (1857); Kirby, Cat., p. 217, (1871);
(Mestm A.) Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 250, (1S75).

S.W.T-xas,
Mexico,
Cent. Am. ;
S. Am. to S.
Brazil.

Texas,
Mexico,
Florida,
Antilles,
Cent, Am.

S. Florida,
Antilles.

Texas,
( 'cut. Am.

AMERICAN MACROLEPIPOPTERA NORTH OF MEXICO.

GENUS 16. TIMETES, BDL.

282. CHIRON, FABR., (Pap. C.), Syst. Ent., p. 452, (1775); Sp. | Texas,
Ins., II, p. 16, (1781); Mant. Ins., II, 8, (1787) ; Mexico,

141

Ent. Syst,, III, 1, p. 26, (1793); Herbst, Natur-

syst. Ins. Schmett., Ill, p. 222, t. 52, (1788);

(Nymph. C.) Godt, Enc. Meth., IX, p. 359, (1823);

(Megalura C.) Kirby, Cat., p. 221, (1871).
Pup. Marius, Cram., Pap. Ex., Ill, t. 200, (1782);

Stoll, Suppl. Cram., t. 30, (1791).
Marpesia Chironias, Hal}., Ver/. Bek. Schmett., p.

47, (1816).
, Sloane, Hist. Jamaica, t. 239, f. 1 , 2,

(1725).

-, Seba, Thes., IV, p. 42, t. 34, f. 13,

14, p. 43, t. 35, f. 3, 4, (1765).
283. CORESIA, GODT., (Nymphatitt C'.), Enc. Metli., IX, p. 359,
(1823) ; (Megalura ( '.) Blanch., Hist. Nat. Ins., Ill,

West Indies,
Cent, and S.
America.

Texas,
Mexico,

p. 447, (1840); (Timetes C.} Dbldy.-Hew., Gen. ! Cent Am

Diur. Lcp., II, p. 263, (1850-1852); W. H. !

Edwds., Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil., I, p. 224, (1862);

(Meg. C.) Kirby, Cat,, p. 220, (1871); (Tim. C.)

Send., Buff. Bull., II, p. 256, (1875).
Marpesia Zerynthia, Hub., Sannn. Ex. Schmett., II,

(1806-1824).
Pap. Syl/a, Party, Del. Anim. Art,, p. 151, t, 29,

(1830-1834).

284. ELEUCHEA, HUH., (Marp&tia E.), Samm. Ex. Schmett., II, Florida,

(1816-1824); Ver/, Bek. Schmett,, p. 47, (1816) ; W. Indies,

Zutr. Ex. Schmett., f. 197, 198, (1818); H-S., Reg. ! Texas.

Corr.-blatt Zool.-Min. Ver., XVIII, p. 161,

(1864).
Timetes Eleucha, Dbldy.-Hew., Gen. Diur. Lep., II,

p. 263, Atlas, t. 33, (1850-1852) ; (Megalura K)

Kirby, Cat., p. 222, (1871).
JVymphaiis Pellenis, Godt., Enc. Meth., IX, p. 359,

(1823); (Athena P.] Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 257,

(1875).

Hnbnei's figures 197, 198, in the Zutrag, evidently represent a
different species, or at least a variety. I have not seen in
nature anything that resembles it.

285. PELEUS, SULZ., (Azp. P.), Abg. Gesch. Ins., t, 13, f. 4, S.W.Texas,

(1776); (Megalura P.) Kirby, Cat,, p. 222, (1871); Mexico,

(Athena P.) Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 256, (1875).
Pap. Thetys, Fabr., Gen. Ins., p. 264, (1777); Sp.

Ins., 11, p. 87, (1781); Mant. Ins., II, p. 47, (I 787);

Ent. Syst., Ill, 1, p. 77, (1793); (Marine T.}

Swains," Zool. 111. Ins., II, t. 59, (1832).
Pap. Thetis, DeBeauv., Ins. Af'r. et Am., p. LSI), t. 5,

(1805).
Athena Thetis, Hub., Ver/. Bek. Schmett., p. 36,

(1816); (Nymphalis T.) Godt., Enc. Meth., IX, p.

Cent. Am.,
S. Am.

142

CATALOGUE OF THE

358, (1823); (Marina T.) Dun., Nat, Lib. Ent., V,
p. 164, t, 19, (1837).

Pap. Petreus, Cram., Pap. Ex., I, t. 87, (1779); Stoll,
Sup. Cram., t. 2, f. 2a, 2b, 2c, Lar. et Pup., (1791);
Herbst, Natursvst, Ins. Schmett,, IV, ]>. 87, t, 67,
(1790).
Larva on the Cashew (Anacardium Occidentals] .

GENUS 17. VICTORTNA, BLANCH.

286. STELENES, LINN., (Pap. 8.}, Syst. Nat., Ed. X, p. 465, S. W. Texas,
(1758), Ed. XII, p. 750, (1767); Mus. Lud. Ulr. Mexico,
Reg., p. 218, (1764); Clerck, Icon., t. 35, (1764); Cent. Am,,
Fabr., Syst. Ent, p. 456, (1775); Sp. Ins., II, pp. S. Am.
23, 92, (1781); Mant. Ins., II, pp. 12, 108, (1787);
Ent. Syst,, III, 1, p. 84, (1793); Cram., Pap. Ex.,

I, t. 79, (1779); Herbst, Natursyst, Ins. Schmett.,
Ill, p. 188, t, 47, (1788); DeBeauv., Ins. Afr.
et Am., p. 188, t, V, (1805); (Najas hilaris S.)
Hiib., Samm. Ex. Schmett,, (1806-1824) ; (Nymph.
8.) Godt., Enc. Meth., IX, p. 378, (1823); Lucas,
Pap. Ex., p. 125, t. 69, (1835); (Viet. S.) Dbldy.-
Ilew., (-ion. Dinr. Lop., II, p. 265, Atlas, t, 33,
(1850-1852); Gosse, Ann. Nat. Hist. Ser., 2, Vol.

II, p. 268, (1848); Chenu, Enc. Hist, Nat, Pap.
Diur., p. 126, f. 241, (1851-1853); Scud., Butf.
Bull., II, p. 257, (1875).

Mdainorpha tithenele, Hiib., Verz. Bek. Schmett,, p.

43, (1816).

Viet, titeneles, Blcmeh., Hist, Nat. Ins., IJT, p. 447,
(1840); Kirby, Cat,, p. 223, (1871).

-, Petiv., Ga/oph., 20, t. 13, (? 1702).
, Sloane, Hist. Jamaica, II, p. 217, t.
239, f. 9, 10, (1725).
Pap. Lavinia, Fabr., Ent, Syst., Ill, 1, p. 22, (1793).

GENUS 18. LIMENITIS, FABR.

287. MLSIPPUS, LINN., (Pap. M.}, Mus. Lud. Ulr. Reg., p.
264, (1764); Syst. Nat,, Ed. XII, p. 767, (1767);
Fabr., Syst. Ent., p. 481, (1775) ; Sp. Ins., II, p.

Canada ;
United
States east

55,

(1781); Mant, Ins., II, p. 27, (1787); Ent. ofthe Rocky

Syst,, III, 1, p. 50, (1793) ; Herbst, Natursyst. Ins. Mts.

Schmett., VII, p. 30, t. 158, f. 3, 4, (1794)'; (Lim.

M.} Emm., Agr. Nat. Hist. N. York, p. 202, t. 47,

(1854); Pack., Guide, p. 261, f. 189, (1869).
Pap. Archippus, ('raw., Pup. Ex., I, t. 16, A, B,

(1779); (Lim. A.) Kirby, Cat,, p. 237, (1871);

(Basilarchia A.} Scud., Syst, Rev. Am. Butt., 8,

(1872); Bufl'. Bull., II, p." 250, (1875).
Anoxia Arckippe, Hiib., Ver/. Bek. Schmett., p. 16.

(1816).

AMERICAN MACROLEFIPOPTERA NORTH OF MEXICO.

143

Nymph. JJi.si.ppc, <fodt., Enc. Meth., IX, p. 393,
'(1823); Harris, Ins. Inj. Vcg., Flint's Ed., p. 281,
f. 109, (1862).

Nymph. Dmppus, Rdl.Lec., Lep. Am. Sept., p. 204,
t. 55, (1833); Morris, Syn., p. 65, (1862); (Lim.
D.) Dbldy.-He\v., ({en. Diur. Lep., p. 276, (1850
1852); Lint., Proe. Ent. Soc., Phil., Ill, p. 63,
(1864); Sannd., Can. Ent., I, p. 94, (1869); Riley,
3d Ent. Rep. State of Missouri, p. 153, f. 68, 69,
70, Im., Lar. et Pup., 1. c. p. 171, (1871).

var. a. FLORIPKNSIK, NOB. The form found in Florida and
other parts of the extreme south. Whilst our more northern
form is of the same colour as Danais Plc.rippus, this southern
variety exactly mimics in its dark colouration Danais Sere-
nice, with which it associates.

:f NlG. Whole upper surface deep blackish brown, the Florida.

venation only a shade darker and only distinguishable from

rest of ground colour on close inspection ; the usual submar-

ginal row and other white spots conspicuously visible by

contrast with the blackness of rest of wings. Under surface

but a trifle less dark than the upper. Taken by Mr. Jacob

Doll in Florida in 1874. Mus. Strecker.

? PSEUDODORIPPUS, NOB. Can. Ent., IV, p. 216,
(1872). The mesial black stripe of secondaries wanting;!
the siibapical black patch almost gone, only indicated by a
darkish shade devoid of the usual three white spots. Under
surface same as above, save that the submarginal row of
white hmules have no intervening black line between them
and the reddish ground colour. Taken in Catskill Mts., N.
York, in 1872, by Mr. T. L. Mead, in whose museum it now

Florida,
Southern

Ala., Miss.,
La.

I). I).

ab.

IS.

I have also an example which differs from the above in the
total obsolescence of all white lunules in margins of both
surfaces; in this the mesial line of secondaries is very faintly
visible, in all other points it agrees with the other example
just described. It is a ^ and was taken near Holyoke, Mass.,
'in 1871, by Mr. Jos. E. Chase.

Larva on various speeies of willow (Salix), plum

(Pruniia], poplar (Populus) and oak (Quercus).
288. EPHESTION, STOIJ,, (Pap. E.}, Suppl. Cram., p. 121, t.
25, f. 1, la, (1790); Godt., Ene. Meth., IX, p. 42,
(1819); (Nqja* turblda E.} Hiib., Samm. Ex.
Sehmett., I, (1 806-1824) ; (Nymph. E.} Harris, Ins.
Inj. Veg., Flint's Ed., p. 283, (1862); (Lim. E.}
Pack., Guide, p. 262, (1869).

Pap. Astyanax, Fabr., Syst. Ent., p. 447, (1775);
Sp. Ins., II, ]>. 7, (1781); Maut. Ins., II, p. 4,
(1787); (Lim. A.) Kirhy, Cat., p. 237, (1871);
(Baxilarchia A.) Send., Syst. Rev. Am. Butt., 8,
(1872); Buff. Bull., II, p. 249, (1875).

Pap. Ursula, b'abr., Ent. Syst., Ilf, 1, p. 82, (1793);
Ab.-S, Ins. Ga,, I, t. 10, (1797); (Nymph. U.}
Godt,, Enc. Meth., IX, p. 380, (1823); Bdl.-Lec.,
Lep. Am. Sept., p. 199, t. 53, (1833); Morris, Syn.,
p. 64, (1862) ; (Lim. U.} Riley, Can. Ent., Ill, p.
52, Lar., (1871); W. H. Edwds., 1. c., V, p. 10,
(1873).

New York,
Mass.

United
States from
the Atlantic
to the Rocky
Mts. ; Ari-
zona, Mexico

144

CATALOGUE OF THE

Caltianira /phestiaena } Hub., Verz. Bek. Schmett., p.

38, (1816).

var. a. VIRIDIS. The blue of upper surface replaced by preen.

ab. I). RUBIDUS. Blue of upper surface replaced by fulvous. Un-
der surface suffused with fulvous. Described bv T. L. Mead
in Can. Ent., IV, p. 217, (1872).

Larva on willow, wild gooseberry, wild cherry, apple,
plum, hawthorn, oak, Vaccineum Stramineum, Car-
pinus Americana.

Fabricins, in his Syst. Ent., (1775), had used for this insect the
name of Aslyanax, but in the Ent. Syst., (1793), he changed
it to Ursula in consequence of the previous name already
having been used to designate one of the $ varietiesjof Pap.
Pammon (figured in Don., Ins. Ind., t. 19), both insects being
in the genus Papilio as then defined; his action in making
this change, and thus, as he supposed, avoiding synonymy,
was of course right, and his later name would have stood had
not Stoll, (in 1790), in his Supplement to Cram., three years
prior to this change, figured and cited the species as Ephestion,
and as, at the time of his so doing, Axtyanax was a synonym,
his name will have to be retained, and the later one of Ursu
la. even though applied by Fabricius, should be dropped.

289. ARTHEMLS, DRU., (Pap. A.), 111. Ex. Ent,, II, t. 10,
(1778); (Lim. A.) Say, Am. Ent., II, t, 23, (1825) ; !
{\ymph. A.} Bdl.-Lec., Lep. Am. Sept., p. 202, t.
54^ (1833); (Lim. A.) Dbldy.-Hew., Gen. Diur.
Lep., II, p. 276, (1850-1852); Emm., Agr. Nat.
Hist. N. York, p. 211, t. 43, (1854); (Nymph. A.}
Harris, Ins. Inj. Veg., Flint's Ed., p. *243, t. 1,
(1862); Morris, Syn., p. 65, (1862); (Lim. A.)
Lint, Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil., Ill, p. 62, (1864);
Reak., 1. c., VI, p. 143, (1866); Pack., Guide, p.
262, (1869); Sannd., Can. Ent,, I, p. 95, (1869);.
(BfiAilarchia A.} Send., Syst. Rev. Am. BuU., 8, !
(1872); Bufl'. Bull., II, p. 249, (1875); (Lim. A.}\
W. II. Ed\vds.,Can.Ent., V, p. 232, (1873); Mead,!
1. c., VII, p. 162, (1875).

Nymph. Artem-i*, Dhttly., Cat. Lep. B. M., I, 96, (1844);
\Lirn. A.) Kirby, Cat,, p. 237, (1871).

Pap. Lamina, Fabr.,Ent. Syst., Ill, 1, p. 118, (1793);
(Nymph. L.} Godt., Enc. Meth., IX, p. 380, (1823).
var. a. PROSERPINA, W. H. EDWDS., Proc. Ent. Soc.,
Phil., V, p. 148, (1865); Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., I,
p. 286, t. V, (1867); Butt. N. Am., I, t. 1, Lim.,
(l868); Kirby, Cat., p. 237, (1871); Streck., Lep.,
Rhop.-Het., p. 70, (1873); W. H. Edwds., Can.
Ent., V, p. 232, (187:5); (JJaxifarchia P.) Grote,
Can. Ent., V, p. 143, (1873); Scud., Butt'. Bull.,
It, p. 249, (1875).

On upper surface the white band of primaries either partially
obsolete or entirely so; on secondaries entirely wanting. Helow
sometimes obsolete on all wings and sometimes partiallv
present.

Larva on willow and hawthorn.

British Co-
lumbia as
high up as
M Kenzie's
River ;
Canada ; the
northern
UnitedStates
and Territo-
ries from
Atlantic to
Pacific.

New. Eng.
S atcs, N.
York,
Pcnna.

AMERICAN MACROLEPIDOPTERA NORTH OF MEXICO.

145

290. WEIDEMEYERII, W. IF. EDWDS., Proc. Acad. Nat, Sc.,

Phil., p. 162, (1861); Butt, N. Am., I, t. 2, Lim.,
(1869); Morris, Syn., p. 327, (1862); Reak., Proc.
Knt. Soc., Phil., VI, p. 143, (1866); Kirby, Cal.,
p. 236, (1871); Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 770,
t. 38, (1875); (Basilarchia W.} Scud., Buff. Bull.,
II, p. 249, (1875).

291. LORQUINI, BDL., Ann. Soc. Knt. Fr., 2me Ser. X, p. 301,

(1852); Morris, Syn., p. 66, (1862); Behr, Proc.
Cal. Acad. Nat, Sc., Ill, p. 127, (1864); W. H.
Edwds., Butt. N. Am., I, t, 3, Lim., (1869); (A<ld-
pha L.) Kirby, Cat., p. 235, (1871); (Lim. L.} Hy.
Edwds., Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat, Sc., V, p. 171, Lar.,
(1873); Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 770, t. 38,
(1875); Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 250, (1875).
Larva on willow (Salix).

292. BREDOWII, HUB., (Adelpha B.}, Zutr. Ex. Schmett., f.

S25, 826, (1837) ; (Lim. B.} W. H. Edwds., Butt.

X. Am., I, t. 4, Lim., (1870); (Adelpha B.} Kirby,

Cat., p. 235, (1871).
Lim. EiUalia, Dbldy.-Hew., Gen. Diur. Lep., t. 36,

(1850-1852); Bdl., Ann. Soc. Ent, Fr., 2me Ser.

X, p. 301, (1852); W. H. Edwds., Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sc., Phil., p. 225, (1862) ; Behr, Proc. Cal.

Acad. Nat. Sc., Ill, p. 127. (1864).
Heterochroa Calif ornica, ButL, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,

p. 485, (1865); (Adelpha C.) Kirby, Cat,, p. 235,

(1871); (Lim. C.) Hy. Edwds., Proc. Cal. Acad.

Nat. Sc., V, p. 171, (1873); Mead, Wheeler's Rep.,

V, p. 770, t. 38, (1875); Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p.

250, (1875).

This species connects Limenitis with the subgenus Heterochroa,
Bdl., (Adelpha, Hub.)

GENUS 19. APATURA, FABR.

293. CELTIS, BDL.-LEC., Lep. Am. Sept., p. 210, t. 57, (1833);

Morris, Syn., p. 68, (1862); Kirby, Cat,, p. 262,
(1871); W. H. Edwds., Butt. N. Am., II, t, 1,
Ap., f. 1, 2, 3, (1875).

Pap.Lycaon, Fabr., Knt. Syst., Ill, 1, p. 228, (1793);
Herbst, Natursvst. Ins.' Schmett, VIII, p. 295,
(1796); (Satyr** / L.) Dbldy.-Hew., Gen. Diur.
Lep., II, p.* 392, (1850-1852); (Doxocopa L.}
Scud., Syst. Rev. Am. Butt., 9, (1872) ; (Apatuni
L.) Riley, Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sc., Ill, p. 193,
(1873); '6th Knt. Rep. State of Missouri, p. 137, f.
39, 40, (1874); (Cklorippe L.} Scud., Buff. Bull.,
II, p. 249, (1875).

ab. a. c?9 ALB., %ured in W. H. Edwds.' Butt. N.
Am., II, t, 1, Ap., f. 4, 5, (1875).

A form occurring sometimes, in first generation, with the ground
colour of both surfaces white.

( 'olorado,
Montana,
Utah.

California,
Oregon.

California,
A rizona,
Oregon,
Mexico.

Westward
from Vir-
ginia to
TexaSjSouth-
ward to the
Gulf of
Mexico.

146

CATALOGUE OF THE

var. b. ALICIA, W. H. KDWDS., Butt. N. Am., I; t. 1,. Gulf States
Ap., (1868). frnin Florida

Much larger. Ground colour of upper surface inclined to red- to Louisiana,
dish tawny.

? var. c. LEILIA, W. H. Enwos., Trans. Am. Knt. Soc., Arizona;
V, p. 103, (1874); Butt, N. Am., II, t. 1, Ap., f. Llano

6, 7, (1875). Estracado.

More reddish in tint of upper surface than the preceding, less
fuscous on apical parts of primaries, and with three ocelli on
upper and under surface of primaries instead of but two as
in all the other forms.

Larva on Celtis Occ-identalis (hackberry).
294. CLYTON, BDL.-LEC., Lcp. Am. Sept., p. 208, t. 56, F rom Xew

(1833) ; Morris, Syn., p. 68, (1862). Y ork west-

Ap. Clyto)i, var. Occllata, W, II. Kdwds., Butt. N. w - m l to

Am., II, t. 2, Ap., I'. 1, 2, 3, 4, (1876). < Kansas and

Pap. Herse, Fair., Knt, Syst., Ill, l,p. 220, (1793); southward to

(Satyrus f H.) Dbldy.-Hew., Gen. Diur. Lep., II, the Gulf of

392J (1850-1852) ; ( Doxocopa H.) Scud., Syst. Rev. Mexico

Am. Butt., 9, (1872) ; (Apatura H.} Ililey, Trans.

St. Louis A cad. Sc., Ill, p. 198, (1873); 6th Ent.

Rep. State of Missouri, p. 140, f. 41, 42, (1874);

( Chlarippe H.} Sc-ud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 248, (1875).
Apatura Idyja, Kirby, Cat., p. 262, (1871).
ab. a. PROSERPINA, SCUD., Proc. Bost, Soc. Nat. Hist.,

XI, p. 401, (1868); Trans. Chicago Acad. Nat, Sc.,

I, p. 332, (1869); W. H. Edwds., Butt. N. Am.,

II, t. 2, Ap., f. 5, 6, (1876).

Entire upper surface of secondaries obscured with blackish,
ocelli obsolete.

Jab. b. cT NlG. Upper surface of all wings obscured with blackish. Berks Co.,

Mus. Streck.

I

enna.

var. c. FLORA, W. H. EDWDS., Butt, N. Am., II, (1876). Florida.

Of large size. Upper surface bright orange-ferruginous. Un-
der surface strongly ferruginous.

Larva on Celtis Occidental is.

There is strong doubt as to whether Fabricius' descriptions of
Lycaon and Herse were meant to apply to the species since
designated as Celtis and Clytun by Bdl. as there is disagree-
ment in many particulars ; besides it would appear that the
said descriptions of Fabricius were not taken from real in-
sects, but from the pictures of insects, in which case all
claims to priority for his names would fall ; and, at any rate,
as the species have been known by Bdl.'s names for over
forty years, there can be nothing gained by suppressing them
in favor of those of Fabricius.

Fabricius' Herse I really believe to be identical with Idyja,
Hub., a Cuban species.

GENUS 20. AGANIST HOS, BDL.

295. ORION, FABR., (Pap. 0.}, Syst. Ent., p. -185, n. 1S5, VS. Florida,

(1775); Sp. Ins., II, p. 62, (1781); Mant. Ins., II, Antilles,

p. 29, (1787); Ent. Syst., Ill, 1, p. .V), (1793); Cent, and

(Nym. O.) Godt., Enc.' Meth., IX, p. 368, (1823); S. Am.

AMERICAN MACKOLEPIDOPTERA NORTH OP MEXICO.

147

(Agan'. 0.} Bdl.-Lm, Lep. Am. Sept., p. 195, t,
52, (1833); Bdl., Sp. Gen., t. X, (1836); (Nym. 0.)
Lucas, Pap. Ex., p. 124, t, 66, (1835); (Agan. 0.}
Dbldy.-Hew., Gen. Diur. Lep., II, p. 302, t. 46,
(1850-1852); Chenu, Pap. Diur., p. 148, f. 264,
(1851-1853); (Hiatori* O.} Scud., But!'. Bull., II,
p. 248, (1875).

Pap. Odius, Fabr., Syst. Ent,, p. 457, n. 60, (1775);
Sj). Ins., II, p. 23; n. 95, (1781); Mant. Ins., II,
p. 12, n. Ill, (1787); Sul/., Gesch. Ins., t. 13,
(1776); Herbst, Xatursvst. Ins. Schmett., Ill, p.
100, t. 35, (1788); (Hamad, undaia 0.) Hiib.,
Samm. Ex. Schmett., I, (1806-1816); (Agan. O.)
Kirby, Cat., p. 263, (1871).

Pap. Danae, Cram., I, t. 84, (1779).

Hi-itoris Odia, Hiib., Verx. Bek. Schmett,, p. 35,
(1816).

GENUS 21. MEGISTANIS, WESTW.

296. AciiERONTA, EABR., (Pap. A.}, Syst. Ent., p. 501, (1775);
Sp. Ins., II, p. 87, (1781);' Mant. Ins., II, p. 47,
(1787); Ent. Syst., Ill, 1, p. 76, (1793); (QoeaA.)
Hiib., Verz. Bek. Schmett,, p. 48, (1816); (Nym.
A.) Godt., Enc. Moth., IX, p. 358, (1823); (Agan.
A.} Kirby, Cat., p. 264, (1871); Scud., Buff. Bull.,
II, p. 247, (1875).

Pap. Cadmm, Cram., Pap. Ex., I, t. 22, (1779);
Herbst, Natursyst. Ins. Schmett., IV, p. 24, t, 57,
f. 1, 2, (1790); (Mctjis. C.) Dbldy.-Hew., Gen.
Diur. Lep., II, p. 31 f, t. 36, (1850-1852).

Pap. Pherecydes, Gram., Pap. E.\., IV,t. 330, (1782);
Herbst, Natursyst, Ins. Schmett., IV, p. 26, t, 57,
f. 3, 4, (1790); (Com P.) Hiib., Verz. Bek.
Schmett,, (1816).

! ? Texas,
?S. Florida,
Antilles,
Mexico,
Cent, and
S. Am., to
Brazil.

GENUS 22. PAPHIA, WESTW.

297. TROGLODYTA, EAHR., (Paptlio T.), Syst. Ent, p. 502, n. S. Illinois,
250, (1775); Sp. Ins., IT, p. '87, (1781); Mant, Kentucky,
Ins., II, p. 47, (1787); Ent, Syst,, III, 1, p. 77, Missouri,
(1793); (J \tpltifi T.} Dbldy.-He\v., Gen. Diur. Kansas,
Lep., II, p. 318, (1850-1852); (Anam T.) Kirby, i Texas.
Cat., p. 276, (1871); Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 248,
(1875).

Anaea Troglodita, Hub., Verz. Bek. Schmett., p. 48,
(1816).

Papifio A at infix, Cram., Pap. Ex., IV, t. 337, A, B,
$,(1782); Herbst, Natursyst. Ins. Schmett., IV,
p. 28, t, 57, (1790).

Paptlio Astina, Fabr., Ent. Syst., Ill, 1, p. 81, (1793);
(Hamadryas undata A.) Hiib., Samm. Ex. Schmett.,
(1806-1816).

148

CATALOGUE OF THE

Paph. Grlycerium, Riley, (nee Dbldy.}, Am. Eat., II, p.

121, f.' 81-83, (1870); W. H. Edwds., Butt. N.

Am.,t, 1, Paphia,(1870); Morris, Syn., p. 67, (1862).
Anaea Andria, ticud., Butt'. Bull., II, p. 248, (1875).

Larva on wild sage (Croton Capitatum).

Pap. Glycerium, Dbldy., (in Gen., II, p. 319, n. 10, t. 00, f. 1,
1850-1852), is a Mexican .species, differing decidedly, not
only in markings but even in shape of wings, especially of
the primaries.

Pap. Astinax of Cram.'s t. 337 recognizably represents the 9 of
our species, though the tails are a little exaggerated in length
and the red colour of upper side is too deep for the 9> being
nearer that of the male. Cram, says the original of his fig-
ures was from the island of St. Thomas, in the W. Indies.

Herbst's fig. (vol. IV, t. 57) is a copy of Cramer's.

Hamadryas undata Astina, in Ex. Schmett , I, also represents,
I think, the 9 of our species, though it differs in some slight
respects from Cram.'s figure.

FAMILY IX. SATYRIDJE.
GENUS 1. PRONOPHILA, WESTW.

298. TRITONFA, W. H. EDWDS., (Geiro'cheilus T.), Trans. Am. Arizona.
Ent. Soc., V, p. 18, (1874) ; (Gyrocheilus T.)Scud.,
Buff. Bull., II, p. 241, (1875).

GENUS

2.

DEBTS, WESTW.

299. PORTLANDIA, FABR., (Pap. P.), Sp. Ins., II, p. 82, (1781 );

Unt. Syst., TIT, 1, p. 103, (1793); Herbst, Natur-
syst. Ins. Schmett., VIII, p. 285, (1796); (Satyrus
A) Bdl.-Lec., Lep. Am. Sept., p. 226, t, 58, (1833);
(J)ebis P.] Dbldy .-Hew., Gen. Diur. Lep., II, p.
360, (1850-1852); (Lethe P.) Butl., Cat, Satyr. B.
M., p. 114, (1868); (Euptych-ia f P.) Kit-by," Cat.,
p. 55, (1871); (Enodia P.) Scud., Syst, Rev. Am.
Butt., 5, (1872); Buff. Bull., II, p. 241, (1875).

Pap. Jortlandia, Fabr., Mant. Ins., II, p. 45, (1787).

Oreas Marmorea Andromacha, Hub., Summ. Ex.
Stinnett., I, (1806-1816); (Hipparchia A.} Say,
Am. Ent., II, t. 36, (1825); (Pap. A.) Brown,
Const, Mis. Butt., I, p. 195, t. 44, (1832); (Hipp.
A.) Gosse, Can. Nat., p. 246, (1840); (Debis A.)
Morris, Syn., p. 78, (1862).
Larva on grass.

Jab. a. (^ Spots on upper surface of primaries very small and al-
most obsolete, the transverse lines entirely wanting. Jn the
cells (excepting the discoidalj accompanying the veins are
broad furry fuscous lines connected inwardly, open outward-
ly, leaving sagittate spaces of the brown ground colour in the
middle of each cell. Mus. Strecker.

GENUS 3. NEONYMPIIA, HUB.

300. EITRYTUS, EABR., (Pap. E.), Syst. Ent,, p. 487, (1775);

Sp. Ins., II, p. 65, (1781); Maut. Ins., II, p. 32,
(1787); (Eu/ptyehia E.) Butler, Pror. /ool. Soc.,
Loud., p. 465, (1866); Kirby, Cat., p. 48, (1871);

Canada,
U. States
east of the
Rocky Mts.

Texas.

Canada, U.S.
from the At-
lantic to
Kan., Neb.
and Texas.

AMERICAN MACROLEPIDOPTERA NORTH OF MEXICO.

149

(Megisto E.} Scud., Syst. Rev. Am. Butt., 7, (1872);

(Cisma E.) Buff. Bull., II, p. 245, (1875).
Pap. Eu.ryt.rin, Fair., Ent, Syst., Ill, 1, p. 157,

(1793); Herbst, Natursyst Ins. Schmett,, A' III, p.

96, t 196, (1796); (Neon. E.) Dbldy.-Hew., Gen.

Diur. Lep., II, p. 375, (1850-1852); Clienu, Pap.

Diur., p. 281, (1851-1853); (Hipparchia K) Har-
ris, Ins. In). Veg., Flint's Ed., p. 306, f. 129,

(1862); (Neon. E.) Pack., Guide, p. 264, (1869).
Satyrus Eurythris, Godt., Enc. Meth., IX, p. 494,

(1823); Bdl.-Lec., Lep. Am. Sept., t. 61, (1833);

(Neon. E.} Morris, Syn., p. 73, (1862); Saund.,

Can. Ent,, II, p. 139, (1870).
Pap. Cyme/a, Cram., II, t. 132, (1779).
Megisto Cymdia, Hub., Verz. Bek. Schmett., p. 54,

(1816). "
|ab. a. With all the ocelli of enormous size.

Larva on grass.

301. RUBRICATA, }Y. H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Eut. Soc., Ill,

p. 212, (1871); (Cissia R.) Scud., Buff. Bull., II,
p. 245, (1875).

302. SOSYBIUS, FABR., (Pap. 8.), Ent, Syst, III, 1, p. 219,

(1793); Herbst, Natursyst. Ins.' Schmett., VIII, p.
148, (1796); (Satyr, tf.) Godt, Enc. Meth., IX, p.
495, (1823); Bdl.-Lec., Lep. Am. Sept., t. 63,
(1833); (Neon. S.) Dbldy.-Hew., Gen. Diur. Lep.,
IJ, p. 375, (1850-1852); Morris, Syn., p. 74, '
(1862); (Eupt. S.) Butl., Proc. Zool. Soc., Loud.,
p. 474, (1866); Kirby, Cat, p. 49, (1871); (Cissia
S.) Scud., Buff'. Bull.,' II, p. 245, (1875).

Pap. Cnmerta, Cram., Pap. Ex., IV, t. 293, F, (1782);
I Neon. C.) Dbldy.-Hew., Gen. Diur. Lep., IJ, ]).
375, (1850-1852); (Eupt. C.) Kirby, Cat., p. 48,
(1871).

Pap. Camertus, Herbst, Natursyst, Ins. Schmett.,
VIII, p. 91, t, 195, (1796).

303. PHOCION, FABR., (Pap. P.), Sp. Ins., II, p. 138, (1781);

Mant Ins., IJ, p. 92, (1787); Ent. Syst, III, l,p.

218, (1793); Herbst, Natursyst. Ins. Schmett,]).

147, (1796); (Neon. P.) Dbldy.-Hew., Gen. Diur.

Lep., II, p. 375, (1850-1852); (Eupt. P.) Kirby,

Cat, p. 55, (1871); (Megisto P.) Scud., Syst Rev.

Am. Butt., 7, (1872); (Neon. P.) Buff. Bull., II, p.

244, (1875).
Pap. Areolatus, Abb. -8., Ins. Ga., I, p. 25, t. 13,

(1797); (Satyr. A.} Godt, Enc. Meth., IX, p. 49 J,

(1823); Bdl.-Lec., Lep. Am. Sept, t 63, (1833);

(Neon. A.) Dbldy.-Hew., Gen. Diur. Lep., II, ]>.

375, (1850-1852); Morris, Syn., p. 74, (1862).
Euptyc. Areolata, Butt., Proc. Zool. Soc., Loud., p.

498, (1866).

Florida.
Texas.

Southern
half of the
U. States
from the At-
lantic west to
Texas inclu-
Mex-

sive
ico ;

Cent.

Am.; S. Am.

Southern
II. States
from the At-
lantic to
Texas.

150

CATALOGUE OF THE

Oreas fimbriata Helicta, Hiib., Samin. Ex. Schmett.,

I, (1806-1816); (Neon. H.)Verz. Bek. Schmett.,
p. 65, (1816).

Larva on Andropogan Nutans, Panicum Sanguinale.

Fabr.'s diagnosis in the Sp. Ins. is not so plain, but in the Ent.
Syst. it is more to the point: "Alis integerrimis supra fuscis
immaculatis, posticus subtus strigis tiavis ocellisque tribus
oblongis. Habitat, - . Mus. Britann. Parviis. Alae

omnes supra 1'uscae, immacutatae. Subtus anticae fuscae,
immaculatae, posticae strigis qnatuor flavis, quarum 2-3
utrinque coeunt & inter has ocelli tres valde oblongi, atri
iride llava punctisque phiriraus pupillaribus, argenteis."

Also Herbst's version from Vol. VIII, p. 147: "Die Fluegel
sind oberhalb braun, ungefleckt ; unten sind die Oberfluegel
gleichfalls nngefleckt braun, die Unterfluegel aber haben vier
gelbe linieii, von welchen die zweyte und dritte an beyden
Seiten zusammenstossen, und zwischen diesen sind drey sehr
langlich runde schwarze Augen mit gelben Kingen und meh-
reren silbernen Pupillen."

These descriptions point undeniably to this species, and loth as
we are to ignore the more familiar name of Areolatus, we
must nevertheless allow that, according to the law of priority,
it is untenable.

304. GEMMA, HUB., (Nemi. G.), Zutr. Ex. Schmett., I, f. 7, 8,
(1818); Verz. Bek. Schmett., p. 65, (1816); (Satyr.
G.) Bdl.-Lec., Lep. Am. Sept., t. 62, (1833);
(Neon. G.) Dbldy.-Hew., Gen. Diur. Lep., II, p.
375, (1850-1852); Morris, Syn., p. 73, (1862);
(Eupt. G.) Butl., Proc. Zool. Soe., Loiul., p. 500,
(1866).

Satyrus Cornelius, Godt., Enc. Metli., IX, p. 493,
(1823); (Eun/gona 0.) Dbldy.-Hew., Gen. Diur.
Lep., II, p. 438, (1850-1852); (Eupt. ('.} Kirby,
Cat., p. 55, (1871); (Neon. C'.) Scud., Buff. Bull,

II, p. 244, (1875).
Larva on grass.

Whether this be identical with the Cornelius of Fabr. I am un-
able to determine from the doubtful and unsatisfactory diag-
nosis of the latter ; though it is possible that such may be
the case. But as Hubner has given most excellent figures,
and moreover it is supposed that Fabr. was unacquainted
with the insect in nature and that he drew his description
from a picture, it is probably best to retain Hubner's name
of Gemma, by which the species has so long been generally
known.

I here append Fabricius' description of Cornelius, also the same
from Herbst published three years later.

Fabr., Ent. Syst., Ill, 1, p.220, n. 089, (1793): "Alis integerri-
mis obscure cinereis ; posticis ocellis qnatuor approximatis.
Habitat - . Dom. Drury. Medius alae .supra ob-

scure cinereae, anticae immaculatae. posticae ocellis quatuor
approximatis, marginalibus, fuscis, subtus paullo pallidiores,
f u sco undatae, posticis ocellis qnatuor niarginalibus, approxi-
matis, atris pupilla argentea."

Herbst, Nat. Ins. Schmett., VIII, p. 139, (1796): "Pap. Corne-
liut. Er ist von mitlerer Groesse. Oberhalb sind die Fluegel
dunkel aschgrau, die obern nngefleck, die untern haben vier
dicht neben eirander stehende, Augen, sie stehen am Aussen-
rande und sind braun, unten sind die Fluegel etwas blasser
braun, wellenformig; die vier Aiigen anf den Unterfluegeln
sind auchhier, aber schwarz mit einer silbernen Pupille. Das
Vaterland ist unbekannt."

Southern
States from
the Atlantic
to Texas.

AMERICAN MACROL.EPIDOPTERA NORTH OF MEXICO.

151

t*305. HENSHAWI, W. H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., V,

p. 205, (1876).

GENUS 4. EREBIA, DALM.

(Maniola, tichrk.)

306. TYNDARIS, Esr., (Pap. T.), Sehmett., I, 2, p. 97, t. 67,
(1781); Ochs., Schmett. Eur., I, 1, p. 299, (1807);
Hub., Eur. Schmett., I, f. A, 971-974, (1829-
1841); (Hipp. T.} Freyer, Xeu. Beit., I, t. 80, f. 2,
(1833); (Maniola T.) Kirby, Cat,, p. 63, (1871);
(Ereb. T.) Stgr., Cat., p. 25, (1871).

Pap. Berse, /?/>., Natur. Schmett., I, p. 94, (1788).

Pap. Cniwioidfs, Exp., Schmett, Eur., I, 2, t. 103, f.
2, 3, (1790).

Pap. Drown*, Vabr., Ent. Syst,, III, 1, p. 224, (1793);
(Snti/r. ]).) Godt,, Enc. Meth., IX, p. 528, (1823);
Lucks, Pap. Eur., p. 85, t. 39, (1834); (Ereb. >.)
H-S., Schmett, Eur., I, p. 59, t. 37, f. 169, 170,
(1843); Obkly.-Hew., Gen. Diur. Lep., II, p.
379, (1850-1852).

Pap. Tyndardlus, Herbst, Xatursyst, Ins. Schmett.,
VIII, p. 135, t. 202, (1796.).

Pap. Cleo, Nub., Eur. Schmett., I, f. 209-212,
(?1796); Godt., Hist. Xat. Lep. Fr., II, 17, 5, 6,
(1821-1824).

Hipparchia Neleus, Frcyer, Xeu. Beit,, I, t. 80, f. 3,
4, (1833).

Erebia Call-inx, W. H. Edwds., Trans. Am. ?]nt. Soc.,
Ill, p. 274, (1871); Scud, Buff. Bull., II, p. 243,
(1875).

Ereb. Tyndarus, var. ( 'allias, Mead, Wheeler's Rep.,

V, p. 775, (1875).

t*307. VEWAGUS, DBLDY.-HKW., Gen. Diur. Lep., II, p. 380,
t, 64, f. 3, (1850-1852); Ecjik., Proe. Ent, Soc.,
Phil., VI, p. 143, (1866); (Maniola V.} Kirby,
Cat., p. 64, (1871); (Ereb. I".) Scud., Buff. Bull.,

II, p. 243, (1875).

The locality is given in Dbldy. as "? Rocky Mountains." The
figure represents only the upper surface and is entirely un-
like any known N. Am. species, nor do I believe it was ever
captured in this country, unless possibly in Arizona; the fig-
ure resembles more in appearance some of the species of the
S. Am. genus Lymanopodathan any of the N. Am. Satyridae.

308. EPIPSODEA, BUTI,., Cat, Sat. B. M., p. 80, t. 2, f. 9,

(1868); (Maniola E.) Kirby, Cat,, p. 65, (1871);

(Ereb. E.} Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 243, (1875);

Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 775, (1875).

Ereb. R'hodia, W. H. Eilwds., Trans. Am. Ent, Soc.,

III, p. 273, (1871).

t*309. HAYDEMI, W. H. Emvns., Hayden's Rep. Exp. Mon-
tana, p. 467, (1872); Scud., Buffi Bull., II, p. 243,
(1875).

Arizona.

Colorado ;

Swiss Alps,
Hungary,
Italy,
France.

" Rocky
Mts." '

Colorado.

Montana.

152 CATALOGUE OF THE

t*310. Rossi i, CURT., (Hipp. A'.), App. Nat. Hist. Ross' 2d , Boothia-
Voy., p. 67, t, A, f. 7, (1835); (Ercb. R.) Dbldy.- Felix.
Hew., Gen. Ditir. Lep., II, p. 380, (1850-1852) ;
(Maniola R.} Kirby, Cat., p. 67, (1871); (Ereb.R.}
Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 243, (1875).

Tliis is probably a form of Embla, Tlmb.

t*311. DISA, VAR. MANCINUS, DBLDY.-HEW., (Erebia Man- British

cinus), Gen. Diur. Lep., II, ]). 380, Atlas, t. 54, Columbia;

(1 850-1852); Reak., Proc. Fnt. Soc., Phil., VI, p. , Alaska.
143, (1866); (Disa, var. M.} But!., Cat. Sat. B. M.,
]). 80, (1868); (Maniola M.} Kirby, Cat., p. 67,
( 1 87 1 ) ; ( Ereb JL ) Scud., Buff.Bull., II, p. 243,(1 875).
312. DISOOIDALIS, KIRBY, (Hipparchia D.\ Faun. Bor. British Am.
Am., IV, p. 298, t. 3, f. 2, 3, (1837); (Ereb. />.)
Dbldy.-Hew., Gen. Diur. Lep., II, p. 380, (1850-
1852); Morris, Syn., p. 75, (1862); (Maniola D.}\
Kirby, Cat., p. 67, (1871); (Ereb. D.) Stgr., Cat,,
p. 26, (1871) ; Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 243, (1875).

t*313. FASCIATA, BUTL., Cat. Sat. B. M., p. 92, t. 2, f. 8, Arctic Am.
(1868); (Maniola F.} Kirby, Cat., p. 63, (1871);
(Ereb. F.) Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 243, (1875).

This may be identical with Discoidalis, but I have had no op- ,
portunity of examining Butler's figure, hence cannot speak
with any certainty.

GENUS 5. CHIONOBAS, BUL.

( (Ends, Hub.}

314. JUTTA, HUH., (Pap. ./.), Fur. Schmett., f. 614, 615, ! Labrador,

(1800-1823); (Chion. J.) Bdl., Icones, t. 38, f, 1-4, Canada,
(1832); (Satyr. J.) Dup., Lep. Sup., I, t. 40, f. 3- Norway,
5, (1832); Zett., Ins. Lap., p. 902, (1840) ; (Chum. Lappland,
./.) H-S., Schmett. Fur., I, f. 116-118, (1843); Sweden,
Dbldy.-Hew., Gen. Diur. Lep., II, p. 382, (1850- N. Russia,
1852); Wallenirr., Skand. Dagi'., p. 46, (1853); Siberia.
Mosch., Wien. Ent. Mon., VII, p. 201, (1863);!
Scud., Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil., V, p. 3, (1865);
Pack., Guide, p. 263, (1869); Mosch., Stett. Ent. |
Zeit,, p. 122, (1870); ((Ene'us J.) Kirby, Cat,, p.
68, (1871); Stgr., Cat, p. 27, (1871); Scud., Buff.
Bull., II, p. 241, (1875).

Pap. Norna, var., Ochs., Schmett, Fur., I, 1, p. 202,
(1807), IV, p. 134, (1816), X, p. 31, (1834).

Chion. Balder, Bdl., Icon., 1, 189, t. 39, f. 1-3, (1832);
Icon, du Reg. An. par Guer. Ins., t. 80, f. 1, la,
(1829-1844); (Satyr. B.) Dup., Lep., I, t, 49, f. 4,
5, (1832); (Chion. B.) Bdl.- Lee,, Lep. Am. Sept.,
p. 216, (1833) ; (Satyr. B.) Zett., Ins. Lap., p. 902,
n. 6, (1840); (Chion. B.} H-S., Schmett. Fur., I,
f. 384-386, (1843); Morris, Syn., p. 71, (1862).

Enmenis Baldcri, Hub., Zutr., f. 981, 982, (1837).

315. SEMIDEA, SAY, (Hipparchia S.) Am. Ent., Ill, t. 50, Lab.; White

(1828): (Coenonympha 8.) Morris, Syn., p. 80, Mts.ofN.H.;
(Chion. S.) p. 351, (1862); (Hipp. S.) Harris, Ins. Mts. of Col.

AMERICAN MACROLEPIDOPTERA NORTH OF MEXICO.

153

Inj. Veg., Flint's Ed., p. 304, f. 126, (1862);

(Chion. S.) Scud., Best. Jnl. Nat. Hist,, VII, p.

621, t, 14, f. 2-8, (1863); Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil.,

V, p. 20, (1865); Pack., Guide, p. 263, f. 190,

(1869); Mosch., Stett, Ent, Zeit., p. 123, (1870);

(Ocneis S.) Stgr., Cat., p. 27, (1871); Kirby, Cat.,

p. 70, (1871) ; Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 240, (1875);

(Chion. S.) Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 776, (1875).
( '/tion. Oeno, BdL, Icones, Hist. Lep., I, p. 195, t. 39,

f. 4-6, (1832); (Satyr. 0.) Pup., Hist, Lep., I, t.

49, f. 1-3, (1832); (Chion. 0.) Bdl.-Lec., Lep. Am.

Sept., p. 220, (1833); H-S., Schmett. Eur., I, p.

71, f. 59, 60. f. 123, 124, ab. with ocelli, (1843-

1856); Mosch.,Wien. Ent, Mou.,VII, p. 211, (1863).
Chion. Also, BdL, Icones, Hist., I, p. 197, t, 40, f. 1,

2, (1832); H-S., t, 78, f. 381, (1843-1856).
Larva on Car ex Rigida.

316. CRAMBIS, FREY., (Pap. C.\ Neu. Beit., Y, t, 440, f.

3, 4, (1845); (Chion. C.) Pbldy.-Hew., Gen. Piur.
Lep., II, p. 383, (1850-1852) ;" Mosch., Stett. Ent,
Zeit., p. 123, (1870); (Oeneis C.) Stgr., Cat, p. 27,
(1871).

Chion. Also, Morris, Syn., p. 71, (1862); Mosch.,

Wien. Ent, Mon., VII, p. 205, (1863).
Hipp. Subhyalina, Curt., App. Ross' 2d Voy., p. 68,

(1835); ((Ends S.) Kirby, Cat,, p. 70, (1871).
Chion. Taygetc, H-S., Schmett, Eur., I, p. 70, t. 24,

f. 112-115, (1843); Leder, Verz. Zool. Bot Ver.,

24, (1862).
Chion. Oeno, Scud., Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil., V, p. 13,

(1865); Buff. Bull., II, p. 240, (1875).
(Eneis Oeno, var. b. Crambis, Kirby, Cat., p. 70,

(1871).
Ocneis Asximilis, Butt., Cat, Sat. B. M., 163, t. 2, f.

10, (1868); Kirby, Cat,, p. JO, (1871).

317. TAYGETE, HUB., (Oeneis T.), Samm. Ex. Schmett., Ill,

Nymph. IX, Oread. D. Nubilae, 4, f. 1-4, (1816-
1824); (Chion. T.) Pbldy.-Hew., Gen. Piur. Lep.,

11, p. 383, (1850-1852);' (Chinobas T. 9) W. H.
Edwds., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc., Phil., p. 57, (1862);
Mosch., Wien. Ent, Mon., VII, p. 213, (1863);
((Ends T.) Kirby, Cat., p. 70, (1871).

Chion. Bootes, BdL, Icon. Hist., p. 191, t. 37, f. 4-6,
(1832); (Satyr. B.) Pup., Lep., I, t, 32, f. 3-5,
(1832); (Hipp. B.} Ochs.-Treits., Schmett,, X, 1,
p. 32, (1834); (Chion. B.} Bdl., Sp. Gen., I, t, 13,
f. 3, (1836); (Eumenis ? B.) Hub., Eur. Schmett,,
I, f. 1025-1028, (?1841); (Chion. B.) H-S.,
Schmett. Eur., I, p. 69, t. 80, f. 391, 392, (1843-
1850); Leder, Vers. Zool. Bot. Ver., (1852); Wal-
lengr., Skand. Pagf., p. 46, (1853); Morris, Syn.,
p. 72, (1862); Mosch., Stett. Ent, Zeit,, p. 124.
(1870); ((Eneis B.) Kirby, Cat, p. 70, (1871).

Labrador.

Labrador.

154

CATALOGUE OF THE

( 'hum. Bore, Scud., Proc. Ent. Hoc., Phil., V, p. 10,

(1865).

(Eneis Bore, var. Tat/ycte, %/-., ('at., p. 27, (1871).
Chion. Calais, Scud., Prof. Ent. Hoc., Phil., V, p. 7,

(1865).

Moschler gives this and Bore as varieties of one species (Wien.
Mon., VII, p. 213). Staudinger also cites Taygete as the
Labrador form or var. of Sore (Cat., p. 27). Scudder and
W. H. Edwards consider them as identical and that Taygele
is hut a synonym of Sore. I am constrained to agree with
the first two authors that there is at least a varietal difference
between the Lapland examples and those from Labrador. I
here append the nomenclature of the European form for the
better convenience of the interested reader.

BORE, ESP., (Pap. S.), Sdiniett., I, 2, t. 100, Cont. 55, f. 1, t.
108, f. 1, (1790); Schn., Neu. Mag., p. 415, (1792) ; Hub.,
Eur. Schmett., I, f. 134-136, 756, (1793-1794); Ochs.,
Schmett. Eur., I, 1, p. 205, (1807) ; (Erebia B.) Dalm., Pap.
Suec., SO, (1824); Meig., Eur. Schmett., t. 31, f. 1, (1829-
1832) ; (Chion.B.) Bdl., Icon. Hist., t.37, f. 1, (?2, 3), (1832) ;
(Satyr. B.) Dup., Lep., I, p. 209, t. 32, f. 1, 2, (1832) ; Zett.,
Ins. Lap., p. 902, n. 7, (1840) ; (Chion. S.) H-S., Schmett.
Eur., t. 26, f. 119-122, (1843-1856); Dbldy.-Hew., Gen.
Diur. Lep., II, p. 383, (1850-1852) ; (OeneisB.) Stgr., Cat., p.
27, (1871).

Chion. Taygete, var. Bore, Mosch., Wien. Ent. Mon., VII, p.
214, (1863).

Pop. Norna., Quens., Act, Hoi., t. 10, f. 1, 2, (1791).

Pap. fFortunatus, Fabr., Ent. Syst., Ill, 1, p. 214, (1793).

Pap. Melissa f, Fabr., Syst, Ent., p. 513, (1775) ; Sp. Ins., II, p.
104, (1781) ; Mant, Ins., II, p. 57, (1787) ; ((Eneis M.) Kirby,
Cat., p. 70, (1871).

Pap. Polixenes?, Fabr., Syst. Ent,, p. 484, (1775) ; Sp. Ins., II,
p. 59, (1781) ; Mant. In?,, II, p. 28, (1787) ; (Neonympha f P.)
Dbldy.-Hew., Gen. Diur. Lep., II, p. 376, (1846-1850);
((Eneis P.) Kirby, Cat., p. 70, (1871) ; Scud., Buff. Bull., II,
p. 240, (1875).

318. CHKYXUS, DBLDY.-HEW., (Jon. Diur. Lep., II, p. 383,
t. 64, (1851); W. H. Edwds., Proc. Ent. Soc.,
Phil., II, p. 82, (1863) ; Scud., 1. c., V, p. 5, (1865);
Rcak., 1. c., VI, p. 145, (1866); ((Eneis C'.) Kirby,
Cat,, p. 69, (1871); Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 240,
(1875); (Chion. C.} Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p.
777, (1875) ; Putnam, Proc. Davenport Acad. Nat.
Sc., I, p. 189, (1876).

Chion. Chrixus, Pack,, Guide, p. 263, (1869).
Very close to the Lappland Norna, Thnb.

{319. UHLEKI, REAR., Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil., VI, p. 143,
(1866); ((Eneis U.} Butl., Cat, Satyr. B. M., 163,
(1868); Kirby, Cat,, p. 69, (1871); (Chion. U.)
Streck., Lep.,' Rhop.-Het., p. 28, t. 4, f. 5, 5,
(1873); Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 776, (1875);
(Omm- U.) Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 240, (1875).

Very closely allied to the Siberian Sculda, Ev.

320. NEVADENSIS, BDL. MSS., Feld., Reise Nov. Lep., p.
489, t. 69, f. 4, 5, (1867); Behr, Proc. Cal. Acad.
Nat. Sc., Ill, p. 163, (1864); (Genets N.) Butl.,
Cat. Satyr. B. M., p. 161, (1868); Kirby, Cat., p.
69, (1871); Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 240, (1875).

Rocky
Mts. of
Montana and
Colorado.

Rocky
Mts. of

Colorado.

California,
( ) re^on,
Vancouver's

Island.

AMERICAN MACROLEPIDOPTERA NORTH OP MEXICO.

155

(Eneis Gigas, Butt., Cat. Satyr. B. M., p. 161, t. 2,
(1868); Kirby, Cat,, p, 69, (1871); (C/won. (7.)
W. H. Edwds., Butt. N. Am., II, t, 1, Chion., f. 5,
6, ?, (1874), 1. c., t. 2, Chion., f. 1, 2, d\ (1875);
(Oeneis G.) Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p, 240, (1875).

Chion. Cnlifornica, JldL, Lq>. Cal., p. 62, (1869);
((Eneis C.) Kirby, Cat., p. 69, (1871); (Chion. C'.}
W. H. Edwds., Butt. N. Am., II, t. 2, Chion., f.
3-6, (1875).

C7wYw. Iduna, W. H. Edwds., Butt. N. Am., II, t, ],
Chion., f. 1-4, (1874) ; (Oeneis I.) Scud., Buff. Bull.,
II, p. 240, (1875).

It is nearer to Aello than any other old-world species.

There are no possible grounds tor considering Gigas, Cali/ornica
and Iduna as distinct species from Nevudensis. Mr. W. H.
Edwds. in his Butt. N. Am. dwells at considerable length on
what he imagines are many differences of specific value, but
which I consider nothing more than the slight differences
usually found between different individuals of the same spe-
cies. Much stress has been laid by both Scudder and W. H.
Edwds. on the shape of the discal band of under side of sec-
ondaries in the various species of this genus. To show
the fallaciousness of any distinction founded on such a basis,
I would say that on one of the seven original examples
that furnished W. H. Edwds.' types of Iduna. received by me
from Jas. Behrens, the inner edge of this hand is not at all
like the figures in W. H. Edwds.' work, but is almost the
same as in the figure of Ncvadensis in the great work of
the Novara. Farther, Scudder in Proc. Phil. Soe., 1865, held
Chryxus and Calais as different species, attempting to prove
their distinctness by the different outline of the discal bands,
of which he gave figures. Nevertheless, he himself after-
wards (though wrongly) united the two, placing Calais as the
9 ofChryxus; Calais, however, really is Tayyete, Hub., from
which Scudder in same article also separated it by outlines of
discal band. This same Taygete, in a long suite of examples
now before me, presents as great differences in the outline of
the discal bands as is seen between any of the figures of Iduna,
Gigas, California! and Nevadensis. In various examples of
Uhleri the difference is yet greater ; in some the band is dis-
tinctly defined on its outer edge, in others it has no limit,
but the marbling continues indiscriminately to the outer mar-
gin of the wing.

The number of ocelli or spots on upper side vary in different
examples of the same species very much ; of Norna I have
examples with two spots on primaries and none on seconda-
ries, with two on primaries and one an secondaries, with one
on primaries and one on secondaries, with one on primaries
and none on secondaries, and with three on primaries and
two on secondaries; of Uhleri one of the types has three on
primaries and four on secondaries, the other has four on
primaries and five on secondaries, one of which (the sub-
apical) is quite small and was overlooked by lieakirt in his
description ; other examples have only one spot on primaries
and two or three on secondaries. Chryxus I have with one
spot on primaries and none on secondaries, and another with
two on primaries and one on secondaries.

Chion. Tarpeia, an Altaian species, has been by some authors
placed with the N. Am. fauna, but without doubt erroneous-*,
ly ; I do not believe it ever has been or ever will be found
to occur in this country ; but as some may feel further in-
terested in the matter, 1 here give its nomenclature.

TAKPEIA, PALL., Reis., I, p. 18, n. 59, (1771) ; Esp., Schmett.,
I, 2, p. 190, t. 83, (1783) ; Brk., Schmett., I, p. 101, (1788) ;

156

CATALOGUE OP THE

Ochs., Schinett., I, 1, p. 203, (1807) ; Hub., Em: Schmett.,

I, f. 779-782, (1824-1826) ; Meigen, Em: Schinett., I, p. 128,

t. 30, (1829) ; (Satyr. T.) Dup., Lep., I, p. 207, t. 31, (1832) ;

(Chion. T.) H-S., Schinett, Ear., I, p. 67, f. 61-64, (1843-

1844) ; Frr., Neu. Beit., V, t. 427, (1845) ; Mosch., Wien.

Er.t, Mon., VII, p. 184, (1863); (Oeneis T.) Butl., Cat, Satyr.

B. M., p. 161, (1868) ; Stgr., Cat., p. 27, (1871) ; Scud., Buff.

Bull., II, p. 239, (1875).
Pap. Tarpejus, Fabr.. Mant. Ins., II, p. 32, (1787) ; Ent, Syst.,

Ill, 1, p. 214, (1793); Grael., Syst. Nat,, I, 5, 2285,498.

(1788); Herhst, Natursyst. Ins. 'Schinett., VIII, p. 210, t.

213, (1796).

Satyr. Tarpeius, Godt., Enc. Meth., IX, p. 519, (1823).
Pap. Celimene, Cram., Pap. Ex., IV, t. 375, (1782) ; (CKneis G.)

Kirby, Cat., p. 69, (1871).

GENUS 6. SATYRUS, LATR.

321. RIDINGSII, W. H. EDWDS., Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil., IV, p.

201, (1865); Keak., 1. c., VI, p. 145, (1866);
(Hipparchia R.} Kirby, Cat., p. 82, (1871); (Satyr.
R.} Streek., Lep., Rhop.-Het., p. 29, t, 4, (1873);
Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 774, (1875) ; (Neo-
minois R.) Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 241, (1875).
Chionobas Stretofiii, W. H. Edwds., Trans. Am. Ent,
Soc., Ill, p. 192, (1870).

322. STHENELE, BDL., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 2me Ser. X, p. 308,

(1852); Morris, Syn., p. 77, (1862); Behr, Proc.
Cal. Acad. Nat. Sc., Ill, p. 161, (1864); (Hipp.S.)
Kirby, Cat., p. 81, (1871); (Satyr. S.) Streek., Lep.,
Rhop.-Het., p. 30, t. 4, (1873); (Cercyonis S.)
Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 242, (1875).

323. SILVESTRIS, W. H. EDWDS., Proc. Acad. Nat, Sc., Phil.,

p. 162, (1861); (Satyr. 8yl.) Behr, Proc. Cal. Acad.
Nat. Sc., Ill, p. 163, (1864); (Enodia Si//.) Keak.,
Proc. Ent, Soc,, Phil., VI, p. 145, (1866); (Hipp.
Syl.) Kirby, Cat., p. 81, (1871 ); (Cerci/onis 8.) Scud.,
Buff. Bull., II, p. 242, (1875).

324. CHARON, W. H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Ent, Soc., IV, p.

69, (1872); Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p. 773,

(1875).
Cercyonis Oetus, Scud., (nee Bdl.}, Buff. Bull., II, p.

242, (1875).
f*325. OETUS, BDL., Lep. Cal., p. 63, (1869); (Cercyonis 0.}

Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 242, (1875).
Hipp. Sylvestris, Kirby, Cat,, p. 81, (1871).

There is some confusion in regard to Ocius. Kirby, in his Cat.,
places it as a synonym of Silvestris, W. H. Edwds., whilst
Scudder in Buff. Bull, provisionally cites Charon, W. H.
Edwds., as a synonym of Oetus. Mo American lepidopterist,
as far as I am aware of, is acquainted in nature with Oetus,
Bdl.; but J feel fully assured that the three names, Silvestris,
Oetus and Charon, belong to two species only ; but whether
Oetus be a synonym of Silvestris, or Charon of Oetus, canonlv
be known by comparison of types.

326. MEADII, W. H. EDWDS., (Erebia M.), Trans. Am. Ent,
Soc., IV, p. 70, (1872); (Satyr. M.) Mead, Whal-
er's Rep., V, p. 774, (1875); '(( '<rcyonis M.) Scud.,
Buff. Bull., 11, p. 242, (1875).

Colorado,

Montana,

Nevada,

Utah.

California.

California.

Colorado,
Montana,
N. Mexico,
S. California

California.

Colorado,

Utah,

Arixona.

AMERICAN MACROLEPIDOPTERA NORTH OF MEXICO.

157

327. PHOCUS, W. H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., V, p. 14,

(1874); (Cercyonis P.] Scud., Buff. Bull., JI, p.
242, (1875).

328. NEPHELE, KIRBY, (Hipparchia N.}, Faun. Am. Bor.,

IV, p. 297, (1837); (Ereb. N.) Pbldy.-Hew., Gm.
Piur. Lep., II, p. 380, (1850-1852) ; (Hipp. N.)
Emm., Agr. Nat. Hist, N. Y., p. 213, t. 33, (1854);
(Ereb. N.) Morris, Syn., p. 76, (1862); (Hipp. N.)
Harris, Ins. Inj. Veg-, Flint's Ed., p. 306, f. 130,
(1 862) ; (Satyr. N.} W. H. Edwds., Proc. Ent, Soc.,
Phil., p. 195-200, (1866); (Hipp. N.) Kirby, Cat,
]>. 81, (1871) ; (Minoits N.) Scud., Syst, Rev. N. Am.
Butt, 6, (1872), ((krcyonis N.) Buff. Bull., II, p.
242, (1875).
Larva on grass.

var. a. ARIANE, BDL., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 2me Ser. X,
p. 307, (1852); Morris, Syn., p. 77, (1862); (Eno-
dia A.) Reak., Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil., VI, p. 145,
(1866); (Hipp. A.) Kirby, Cat,, p. 81, (1871);
(Cercyonis A.) Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 242, (1875).

With the exception that the under side is a little paler and the
striae not as sharply defined, this presents scarcely any differ-
ence from the stem form. Sometimes the black spot at in
ner angle on upper side of primaries is accompanied by a
contiguous smaller one.

var. b. BOOPIS, BEHR, Proc. Cal. A cad. Nat, Sc., Ill,
p. 164, (1864); W. H. Edwds., Proc. Ent, Soc.,
Phil., VI, p. 196, (1866); (Hipp. B.) Kirby, Cat,,
p. 81, (1871) ; (Cercyonis B.} Scud., Buff. Bid!.. II,
p. 242, (1875).

Devoid of ocelli on under surface of secondaries.

f*var. c. GABBII, W. H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Ent, Soc.,
Ill, p. 193, (1870); (Hipp. G.} Kirby, Cat,, p.
644, (1871); (Cercyonis G.) Scud., Buff' Bull., II,
p. 242, (1875).

I have had no opportunity of examining the types of this in-
sect; from the description I cannot separate it from Nephele,
or Ariane.

var. d. ALOPE, FABR., (Pap. A.), Ent. Syst,, III, 1, p.
229, (1793); Herbst, Natursyst., VIII, p. 296,
(1796); (Satyr. A.} Godt., Enc. Meth., IX, p. 524,
(1823); Bdl.-Lec., Lep. Am. Sept., p. 228,
(1833); (Hipp. A.} Harris, Hitch. Rep. Geo. Min.,
etc., Mass., Ed. 1, p. 590, (1833); (Euodia A.)
Pbldy., List Lep. B. M., I, p. 136, (1844); Pbldy.-
Hew.*, Gen. Piur. Lep., II, p. 392, (1850-1852);
(Hipp. A.) Emm., Agr. Nat. Hist. N. Y., p. 213,
t, 33, (1 854) ; (Satyr. A.) Morris, Syn., p. 76, (1862) ;
(Hipp. A.) Harris, Ins. Inj. Veg., Flint's Ed., p.
305, f. 127, (1862); (Enodla A.} Reak., Proc. Ent,
Soc., Phil., VI, p. 145, (1866); (Satyr. A.) W. H.
Edwds., 1. c., p. 196-200, (1866); (Hipp. A.)
Kirby, Cat,, p. 81, (1871); (Minois A.) Scud., Syst.

Brit, Col.,

Oregon,

Montana,

Canada,

British

Columbia;

northern

IT. S. east of

Rocky

Mts. '

California.

( )regon,

Montana,

California.

Oregon.

Middle and
Western
States from
Atlantic to
the Rocky
Mts.

158

CATALOGUE OF THE

Rev. N. Am. Butt., 5, (1872); (Cercyonis A.} Buff.
Bull., II, p. 242, (1875).
Larva on grass.

With a broad buff or ochraceous yellow band across outer half
of primaries on both surfaces; within this band are the two
black ocelli.

Jab. a. <-^ On the upper surface of primaries there are not the
slightest traces of the two ocelli, neither any evidence of the
one usually on secondaries not far from anal angle. Beneath,
on the primaries the ocelli arc indicated by two mere points,
on secondaries there is only one small one not far from the
anal angle. Mus. Streck.

|al>. b. ^ With three ocelli on upper side of secondaries, otherwise
normal. Mus. Streck.

var. e. PEOALA, FABR., (Pap. P.], Syst. Ent., p. 494,
(1775); Sp. Ins., II, p. 70, (1781); Mant. Ins., II,
]>. 38, (1787); Ent. Syst , III, 1, p. 230, (1793);
(Satyr. P.] Godt., Enc. Meth., IX, p. 524, (1823);
Dbldy.-Hew., Gen. Dinr. Lep., II, p. 398, (1850-
1852); Morris, Syn., ]). 77, (1862); W. H. Edwds.,
Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil, VI, p. 195, (1866); (Hipp.
P.) Kirby, Cat., p. 8 1 , ( 1 871 ) ; (Cercyonis P.] Scud.,
Buff. Bull., II, p. 241, (1875).

Pap. Peff-ula, Herbd, Natursvst. Ins. Sehmett., VIII,
p. 29S, (1796).

9 Satyrus Alope, BdL-Lcc., Lop. Am. Sept., t. 59,
(1833).

Larger size than any of the preceding forms. <^ with only one
ocellus on primaries (towards the apex) ; 9 with two ocelli.
On under surface of secondaries the ocelli are large and con-
spicuous; the striation of under surface sharply defined.

Bdl.-Lec.'s figures undoubtedly represent 9 f " tn i- s form, and
not Alope as they have cited it.

var. f. AViiEELERi, W. H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Ent,
Sue., IV, p. 343, (1873); Mead, Wheeler's Rep.,
V, p. 773, t. 39, (1875); (Ckrcyonis W.) Scud.,
Buff'. Bull., II, p. 242, (1875).

Satynis Hojfmani, Streck., Lep., Rhop.-Het., p. 31, t.
4, 9, p. 66, t, 8, c?, (1873).

Tliis is one of those wonderful aberrant forms peculiar to Ari-
zona and adjacent region. The ^ is dark, much the same
colour as Nephele, Boopis, etc., but the 9 (which Mr. W. H.
Edwds. so curiously mistook in his description for the $) is
very pale on upper surface and white beneath. Both sexes
are devoid of the broad yellow band of Alope and Pegala,
but have two ocelli on primaries, the one nearest the apex is
always double; on under side of secondaries are six ocelli in
two different rows of three each, the middle one of the three
nearest to apex oblong and sharply pointed outwardly.

The (j? figure in Wheeler's 5th Hep. is far too pale in colour.

Dr. Behr, speaking of Sat. Ariane, says in Proc. Cal. Ac-ad.,
Ill, p. lb'4: "I confess I cannot iind any constant mark of
difference between this species and S. Alope, Nephele, and
Pegala, however different at first glance their forms may ap-
pear, I am very much inclined to consider them local aber-
rations of one far spread species that gradually slopes from
S. Pegala, Fabr., through S. Ariane, Bdl., to S. Nepl/ele and

Maryland.

Maryland.

Southern
States from
Georgia to
Texas.

S.California,
Arizona,

AMERICAN MACEOLEPIDOPTERA NORTH OF MEXICO.

159

S. Alope, Fabr., in a similar way as the Gerontogeic P. Egeria,
L., looks very different from its African form P. Xiphia,
Fahr., with which, nevertheless, it is insensibly united by
its intermediate form P. Meone." 1 differ from the above
only in that 1 think the more northern Nephele was the stem
form from which originally emanated Ariane and Boopis in
the west and Alope in the east, and through the latter the
splendid Pegala in the south, whilst acclimatization in the
dry salt regions of Utah and Arizona resulted in the widely
aberrant Wheeleri.

GENUS

PA II A RGB, HUB.

Canada ;

New. Eng.
States, N.
York, N.
Jersey,
Ohio]
Michigan,
Indiana,
Illinois.

320. CANTHUS, BDL.-LEC., (ncc Linn.'}, (Satyrus C.) Lep. Am.

Sept., t. 60, (1833); (AW C.) Morris, Syn., p.

74, (1862) ; (Eupf. C.) Kirby, Cat,, p. 55, (1871).
Hipparchia Ti-ansmontana, Gowe, Newin. Ent., p.

138, (1841).
Hipparchia Boisduvallii, Harris, Ins. Inj. Veg.,

Flint's Ed., p. 305, f. 128, (1862).
Argm En,n/dicc, New/., (nee Linn.), Syst. Rev. N.

Am. Butt., 6, (1872); (Satyrodcs E.) Butt'. Bull.,

II, p. 242, (1875).

Larva on grass.

The Eun/dice, L., (Amcen. A cad. Cent. Ins., VI, p. 406, n. 65,
1764), of which Cunthus, L., (Syst. Nat., Ed. XII, p. 768, 1767),
is a synonym, seems to be an entirely different insect from this,
and is most probably Pap. Argant/te, Cram., (Pap. Ex., Ill,
t. 204, C, D), a S. Am. species which is on the upper surface
uniform brown devoid of all spots. The following is all the
description of Clinf/ms given by Linn, in the Syst. Nat. (Ed.
XII): "Alis integerrimis fuscis : subtus primoribus occllis
(]iiatuor, posticis isenis. Amcen. Acad., 6, p. 40t>, n. 65. Pa-
pilio Eurydice. Habitat in America septentrionalis"

The description of " Eurydice " in Anioen. Acad., referred to in
the preceding, is:

" Papilio Eijrydice D. alis fnscis : subtus primoribus ocellis
i|iiatuor, posticis sex.

Habitat in Philadelphia. De Oeer.

Similis Pap. Hyperante. Alae integerrime, supra fuscae; posticar
obsoletus ocellatae. Primores subtus ad marginem posteriorum
oceltls qvaluor nigru pupilla alba. Posticae ocelli^ quinine inlra
marginem posticnm, & sexto remotiori."

Herbst (Natursyst,, VIII, p. 70, t. 192) has figured as Cam thus
Cramer's Arganthc, which he also refers to Eurydice, Linn.

Also Fabricins in Ent. Syst., Ill, p. Io7, gives. Eurydice, Can-
thus, L., and Arganthe, Cram., as synonymical.

GENUS 8. COENONYMPHA, HUE.

330. CALIFORNIA, DBLDY.-HKW., (u-n. Dinr. Lep., II, p. 398, California

t. 67, (1850-185.!); Kirhy, Cat., p. 00, (1871) ; j and adjacent
Send., Buff. Bull., II, p. 244, (1875). territory.

Sdtyrius Oalifornius, B<1(., Ann. Soe. Ent. Fr., 2me

Ser. X, p.' 300, (1852).

var. a. (JALACTINUS, BDL., (Sati/i-us G-.), Ann. Soe. Ent.
Fr., 2me Ser. X, p. 300, (1852) ; (Com. G.) Kirby.
Cat., p. 00, (1871).
Corn. Galactina, Morris, Syn., }>. 80, (1862); Belir,

Proe. Cal. Aead. Nat Sc.,' Ill, p. 164, (1864).
var. V). CERES, BUTL., Ent. Mon. Mag., IV, i>. 78,
(1866).

160

CATALOGUE OF THE

var. c. ERYNUII, HY. EDWDS., Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat.
Sc., V, 6, (1876).

This is a very variable species on the under side, in some in-
stances being yellowish white, in others obscured or dusted
heavily with grey. It is one of the commonest of the Cali-
fornian butterflies.

331. INORNATA, W. H. EDWDS., Proc. Acad. Nat. 'Sc., Phil.,

p. 163, (1861) ; Morris, Syn., p. 328, (1862) ; Scud.,
Buff. Bull., II, p. 244, (1875).

C. Typhon, var. h. Inornata, Kirby , Cat., p. 100,
(1871).

332. AMPELOS, W. H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Ill,

p. 213, (1871) ; Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 244, (1875).

333. PAMPHILUS, LINN., (Pap. P.), Syst, Nat,, Ed. X, 472,

(1758) ; Ed. XII, 791, (1767) ; Faun. Succ., p. 273,
(1761) ; Fabr., Syst. Ent,, p. 529, (1775) ; Sp. Ins.,
II, p. 66, (1781) ; Ent. Syst., Ill, 1, p. 221, (1793) ;
Esp., Schmctt,, I, 1, t, 21, (1777), t. 78, f. 4, var.,
( 1 782) ; Bergs., Norn., t. 88, ( 1779) ; Herbst, Natur-
syst. Ins. Schmett., VIII, p. 40, t. 186, f. 7, 8, t.
187, f. 1, 2, f. 3, 4, ab., (1796); Ochs., Schmett.
Enr., I, 1, p. 305, (1807); (Sati/rus P.} (lodt., Euc.
Meth., IX, p. 549, (1823); (Hipp. P.) Duncan,
Nat. Lib. Ent., Ill, p. 207, t, 26, (1835) ; (Gben. P.)
Kirby, Cat,, p. 99, (1871) ; Stgr., Cat., p. 32, (1871).

Pap. Mcnahas, Poda, Mus. Grsec., p. 78, (1761);
Scop., Ent, Cam., p. 458, (1763).

Pap. Nephcle, Hufn., Berl. Mag., II, p. 78, (1766) ;
Brk., Nat, Schmett., I, p. 87, (1788); Hub., Enr.
Schmett., I, f. 237-239, (? 1797).

Pap. Gardctta, De Loche, Mem. Ace. Tor., VI, 2, p.

146, t. 7, (1801).

JCVeH. Pamphiloides, Reak., Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil., VI,
p. 146, foot-note, (1866) ; Butl., Cat. Sat, B. M., p.
44, (1868); Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 243, (1875).

Co?n. Pamphilutt, car. b. Pamphiloides, Kirby, Cat., p.
99, (1871).

1 possess Keakirt's original type from California, which differs
in nowise from the ordinary European form.

334. OCHKACEA, W. H. EDWDS., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc., Phil.,

p. 163, (1861); Morris, Syn., p. 328, (1862); Reak.,
Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil., VI, p. 145, (1866); Kirby,
Cat.,' p. 100, (1871); Mead, Wheeler's Rep., V, p.
772, (1875); Scud., Buff. Bull., II, p. 244, (1875).

1 have no doubt but this is a variety of Tiplion, Rott., (Naturf.,
VI, p. 15, 1775), a species ranging all over Europe and Nor-
thrn Asia, and of which Davux, Fabr., is a synonym.

t*335. BRENDA, W. H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., II, p.

375, (1869); Kirby, Cat,, p. 100, (1871); Scud.,

r>uff. Bull., II, p. i>43, (1875).
t*336. KODIAK, W. H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., II, p.

375, (1869); Scud., Buff. Bull , II, p. 244, (1875).
Ctcn. Kodiah, Kii:by, Cat., p. 100, (1871).

Nevada,
Montana,
Oregon,
Yanco. Isld.,
Brit. Col.
Oregon.

California,
? ( h'egon,
Europe,
Siberia.

Montana,
New Mexico,
Arizona,
Brit. Col.

Los An gel os.
Cala.

Kodiak.

AMERICAN MACROLEPIDOPTERA NORTH OF MEXICO.

161

FAMILY X. HESPERID^E.
GENUS 1. EUDAMUS, SWAINS.

f Goniurus, Hub.

< Goniuris, West.

( Goniloba, West.

337. PROTEUS, LINN., (Pap. P.), Syst. Nat., Ed. X, p. 484,

(1758) ; Mus. Lud. Ulr./p. 333, (1764) ; Syst. Nat.,
Ed. XII, I, 2, p. 794, (1767); Clerck, Icones, t.
42, (1764); Fabr., Syst. Ent., p. 532, (1775); Sp.
Ins., II, p. 132, (1781); Mant. Ins., II, p. 85,
(1787); Ent. Syst., Ill, 1, p. 331, (1793); Cram.,
Pap. Exot., Ill, t. 260, D, E, (1782) ; Abb.-Sm.,
Ins. Ga., I, t. 18, (1797) ; ( Urbanus fortis P.] Hub.,
Samra. Exot. Schmett., I, (1806-1816); (Goniurus
P.) Verz. Bek. Schmett., p. 104, (1816) ; (Hesp. P.]
Latr., Enc. Meth., IX, p. 730, (1823) ; (Eudamus
P.) Bdl.-Lec,, Lep. Am. Sept., t. 69, (1833); (Go-
niuris P.) Dbldy.-Hew., Gen. Diur. Lep., II, p. 511,
t. 79, var., (1850-1852); (End. P.] Chenu, Pap.
Diur., p. 224, f. 374, (1851-1853) ; La Sagra, Hist.
Cuba, An. Art., p. 622, (1857) ; (Hesp. P.) Morris,
Syn., p. 106, (1862); (Goniur. P.] H-S., Reg.
Corr.-blatt, p. 56, (1865); (Thymde P.) Kirby,
Cat., p. 570, (1871); Scud., Syst. Rev. Am. Butt.,
p. 69, (1872).

-, Merian, Met. Ins. Sur., t. 63, (1719).
Larva on Clitoria Mariana, Phaseolus Odoratus.

338. SIMPLICITY, STOLL, (Pap. 8.), Suppl. Cram., t, 39, 6, 6 E,

(1791) ; ( GoniuruA 8.) Hiib.,Verz. Bek. Schmett., p.
104, (1816); (Goniuris 8.} Dbldy.-Hew., Gen.
Diur. Lep., II, p. 511, (1850-1852); (End. 8.}
La Sagra, Hist. Cuba, An. Art., p. 622, (1857);
(Thymde 8.) Kirby, Cat., p. 569, (1871); Scud.,
Syst. Rev. Am. Butt,, p. 67, (1872).
Hesp. Eurycles, Latr., Enc. Meth., IX, p. 730, (1823).

339. LYCIDAS, ABB.-SM., (Pap. L.}, Ins. Ga., I, t. 20, (1797);

(Hesp. L.} Latr., Enc. Meth., IX, p. 751, (1823);
(End. L.} Bdl.-Lec., Lep. Am. Sept., t. 71, (1833);
(Hesp. L.} Dbldy.-Hew., Gen. Diur. Lep., II, p.
527, (1850-1852); Morris, Syn., p. 106, (1862);
(End. L.)Scud., Proc. Ess. Ins., Ill, p. 170, (1862),
Proc. Chicago Acad., p. 334, (1868) ; (Thymele L.)
Kirby, Cat., p. 571, (1871); (Achalarus L.) Scud.,
Syst. Rev. Am. Butt., p. 71, (1872).
Proteides Lyciades, Hub., Verz. Bek. Schmett., p. 105,
(1816); Geyer, Zutr. Ex. Schmett., p. 10, f. 621,
622, (1832).
Larva on Desmodium.

Southern
United
States, W.
Indies.

Texas, Ari-
zona, Mexi-
co, Cent.
Am., Brazil,
Surinam.

Pen ns viva-

tf

nia south-
ward to the
gulf, west-
ward to Lou-
isiana and
Texas.

162

CATALOGUE OF THE

340. TITYRUS, FABR., (Pap. T.}, Syst. Ent., p. 532, (1775);

Sp. Ins., II, p. 132, (1781); Mant. Ins., II, p. 85,:
(1787); Ent, Syst,, III, 1, p. 331, (1793); Abb.-
Sm., Ins. Ga., *I, t. 19, (1797): (Hesp. T.) Latr.,
Enc. Moth., IX, p. 743, (1823) ; (End. T.) Bdl-
Lec., Lep. Am. Sept., t. 72, (1833); (Goniloba T.}
Dbldy.-Hcw., Gen. Diur. Lep., II, p. 512, (1850-
1852); (End. T.} Emmons, Agr. Nat. Hist. N. Y.,
p. 215, t, 38, (1854); (Gon. T.} La Sagra, Hist.
Cuba, An. Art, p. 632, (1857); (End. T.) Harris,
Ins. Inj. A 7 eg., Flint's Ed., p. 310, f. 133, 134, t. 5,
f. 1, (1862); (Goniloba T.} Morris, Syn., p. 112,
(1862); (Eud. T.) Send., Proc. Essex Ins., Ill, p.
170, (1862), Prpc. Chicago Acad., p. 334, (1868);
Pack., Guide, p. 269, (1869); (Thymcle T.} Kirby,
Cat,, p. 571, (1871); (Epargyreus T.) Scud., Syst.
Rev. Am. Butt., p. 70, (1872); (Goniloba T.) Put-
nam, Proc. Dav. Acad., I, p. 197, (1876).
Pap. Clarux, Cram., Pap. Ex., I, t, 41, E, F, (1779);
(Epargyreus C.) Hub., Verz. Bek. Schmett., p. 105,
(1816).

Larva on Robinia Pseudacacia, R. Viscosa, R. His-
pid a.

341. CELLUS, BDI..-LEC., (Eudamus C.), Lep. Am. Sept., t.

73, (1833); (Hesp. C.} Dbldy.-Hew., Gen. Diur.

Lep., II, p. 526, (1850-1852); Morris, Syn., p.

105, (1862); (Spathilepia C.) Kirby, Cat,, p. 578,

(1871).
Cecrops Festus, Hilb.-Gey., Zutr. Ex. Schmett., p. 27,

f. 907, 908, (1837) ; (Hesp. F.} Dbldy.-Hew., Gen.

Diur. Lep., II, p. 526, (1850-1852); (Thymele F.}

Kirby, Cat., p. 571, (1871).
t*342. EPIGENA, BUTL., Trans. Ent. Soc. Loud., p. 493,

(1870); (Thymele E.} Kirby, Cat,, p. 655, (1871).
Eud. Orestes, Lint., MSS. W."H. Edwds., Trans. Am.

Ent, Soc., VI, (1877).
343. BATHYLLUS, ABB.-SM., (Pap. B.), Ins. Ga., I, t. 22,

(1797); (Eud. B.) Latr., Enc. Meth., IX, p. 764,

(1823); Bdl.-Lec., Lep. Am. Sept., t. 74, (1833) ;

(Hesp. B.} Morris, Syn., p. 106, (1862); (Eud. B.}

Scud., Proc. Ess. Ins., Ill, p. 170, (1862), Proc.

Chicago Acad., p. 335, (1868); Pack., Guide, p.

269, (1869); (.Ethilla B.} Kirby, Cat,, p. 578.

(1871) ; (Thorybes B.) Scud., Syst.' Rev. Am. Butt.,

p. 71, (1872). *
Gon. Bethyttus, Dbldy.-Hew., Gen. Diur. Lep., II, p.

514, (1850-1852), (ButJu/llus, 1. c., p. 534); La Sa-
gra, Hist, Cuba, An. Art., p. 638, (1857).

Larva on wild bean, Desmodium DiHenii.
var. a. PYLADES, SCUD., Proc. Bost, Soc. Nat, Hist,,

XIII, ]). 207, (1870); (.EtkUla P.) Kirby, Cat., p.

578, (1871); (Thorybes P.) Scud., Syst, Rev. Am.

Butt., p. 71, (1872).

Canada ;
UnitedStates
and territo-
ries from At-
lantic to Pa-
cific ; Antil-
1 es ; Cent.
Am.

From Vir-
ginia south-
ward to Gulf
of Mexico.

Texas, Mex-
ico.

Pennsylva-
via south to
the Gulf of
Mexico, and
west to the
Pacific; An-

Canatla ; U.
S. and Ter.
from Atlan-
tic to Pacific.

AMERICAN MACROLEPIDOPTERA NORTH OF MEXICO.

163

End. Batliyllus, Harris, (nee Abb.-Sm.), Ins. Inj.

Veg., Flint's Ed., p. 312, f. 135, (1862).
Thorybes Nevada, Scud., Syst Rev. N. Am. Butt., p.

71, (1872).

Larva on various species of Glycine and Hedysarum.

The white marks on primaries much smaller, sometimes obso-
lete.

344. AMYNTAS, FABR., (Pap. A.), Syst, Ent., p. 533, (1775) ;

Sp. Ins., II, p. 133, (1781); Mant. Ins., II, p. 86,
(1787); (Pamphila A.) Kirby, Cat., p. 605, (1871).

Polygonus Lividus, Hub., Samm. Exot, Schmett., II,
(1816-1841); (Astraptes L.) Verz. Bek. Schmett,,
p. 103, (1816).

Heap. Savignyi, Lair., Enc. Meth., IX, p. 741, (1823);
(Gon. S.) Dbldy.-Hew., Gen. Diur. Lep., II, p.
512, (1850-1852); La Sagra, Hist, Cuba, An. Art,
p. 631, (1857); H-S., Reg. Corr.-blatt, p. 54,
(1865) ; (Acolastus S.) Scud., Syst. Rev. Am. Butt.,
p. 71, (1872).

345. HESUS, DBLDY.-HEW., ( Goniloba H.), Gen. Diur. Lep.,

II, p. 513, t. 78, f. 5, (1850-1852); (Thymele H.}
Kirby, Cat,, p. 574, (1871) ; (Epargyreus H.} Scud.,
Syst. Rev. Am. Butt., p. 70, (1872).

GENUS 2. PYRRHOPYGKE, HUB.

346. ARAXES, HEW., (Eryc. A.}, Descrip. Hcsp., p. II, n. 3,

(1867); (Myscelus A.) Kirby, Cat, p. 587, (1871).

GENUS 3. ERYCIDES, HUB. .

347. BATABANO, LEF., (Eudamus B.}, La Sagra, Hist, Cuba,

An. Art, p. 624, (1857); (Eryc. B.} H-S., Reg.
Corr.-blatt, XIX, p. 56, (1865); Kirby, Cat., p.
589, (1871).

Erycides Mancinus, Herr-Sch., Regensb. Corr.-blatt,
XVI, p. 143, (1862).

348. URANIA, WEST., Dbldy.-Hew., Gen. Diur. Lep., II,

p. 510, t 79, f. I,' (1850-1852); Kirby, Cat, p.

587, (1871); Scud., Syst Rev. Am. Butt,, p. 67,

(1872).

t*349. SANGUINEA, SCUD., Syst Rev. Am. Butt, p. 68, (1872).
t*350. TEXANA, SCUD., Syst Rev. Am. Butt., p. 68, (1872).

GENUS 4. ^EGIALE, FELD.

(Meyathymus, Scud.)

351. YUCCVE, BDL.-LEC., (Eudaimi*? Y.), Lep. Am. Sept.,
t, 70, (1833); (Castnia Y.} Walker, List Lep. B.
M., VII, p. 1583, (1856); (Goniloba Y.) Morris,
Syn., ]). 113, (1862); (.E<jiak? Y.} Kirby, Cat,, p.
608, (1871); (Megathymus Y.} Send., Syst. Rev.

S. Florida,
W. Indies,
Amazons.

Texas, Mex-
ico, Cent.
Am., Ama-
zons.

Arizona, ,
Mexico.

S. Florida,
Cuba.

Texas,
Mexico,
Cent. Am.

Texas.

ri^

1 c-xas.

Southern
States from
S.Carolina to
the Gulf of
Mexico.

164

CATALOGUE OF THE

Am. Butt., p. 82, (1872), Hist. Sketch Gen. Names
for Butt., p. 213, (1875) ; Grote, Can. Ent., VII,
p. 173, (1875); Riley, Trans. Acad. Sc., St. Louis,
III, p. 323, (1876), 8th Mo. Ent. Rep., p. 169,
(1876), 9th Mo. Ent. Rep., p. 129, (1877) ; (jEgiale
Y.} Streck., Proc. Acad. Nat, Sc., Phil, p. 149,
(1876).
Larva burrows in the stems of Yucca Aloifolia, Y.

Gloriosa and Y. Filamentosa.

J352. COFAQUI, STRECK., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc., Phil., p. 148,
(1876).

GENUS 5. PAMPHILA, FABR.

353. HURON, W. H. EDWDS., (Hesp. H.), Proc. Ent. Soc.,

Phil., II, p. 16, t, 1, (1863); Reak., 1. c., VI, p.
150, (1866) ; (Pam. H.} Kirby, Cat., p. 600, (1871) ;
(Atalopedes H.} Scud., Syst. Rev. Am. Butt., p. 78,
(1872).

var. a. CAMPESTRIS, BDL., (Hesp. C.), Ann. Soc. Ent.
Fr., 2me Ser. X, p. 316, (1852); Morris, Syn., p.
108, (1862) ; (Pam. C.) Kirby, Cat,, p. 602, (1871);
(Atalopedes C.) Scud., Syst. Rev. Am. Butt., p. 78,
(1872).

354. PHYL^US, DRURY, ( Pap. P.), 111. Ex. Ent., I, t. 13,

(1770); (Hesp. P.) Latr., Enc. Meth., IX, p. 767,
(1823); (Hesp, Phyleus) Bdl.-Lec., Lep. Am. Sept.,
t. 78, (1833); (Pam. Phylceus) Dbldy.-Hew., Gen.
Diur. Lep., II, p. 522, (1850-1852) ; La Sagra,
Hist. Cuba, An. Art,, p. 645, (1857); Kirby, Cat.,
p. 600, (1871); (Pam. Phyleus) Morris, Syn., p.
118, (1862); H-S., Reg. Corr.-blatt, XIX, p. 53,
(1865) ; (Euthymus Phylceus) Scud., Syst. Rev. Am.
Butt., p. 77, (1872).

Thym. Augias, Hub., Zutr. Ex. Schmett., f. 227, 228,
(1823). "

Pam. Bucephalus, Steph., 111. Brit. Ent, Haust., p.
102, t. 10, 9, (1828), Cat. Brit. Ins. Haust., p. 28,
(1829); Humph .-West., Brit. Butt,, p. 126, t. 40,
c?, (1841); Wood, Ind. Ent., p. 10, (1845).

Pam. Phylwus, Emm., Nat. Hist. N. York Agr., V,
p. 215, (1854).

I doubt if Emmons was acquainted with the true Phyheus, from
his asserting that it "is a very common butterfly in western
Massachusetts," so I merely add his citation for what it may
be worth.

Larva on Panicum Sanguinale.

In Dbldy.-Hew., Gen., Pap. Colon, Fabr., is cited with a ? as a
synonym of Phylaeus, also in La Sagra, Hist. Cub. An. Art., on
what grounds I do not know ; Fabr.'s description does not

Georgia ;
Llano Esta-
cado, Texas.

U. S. and
Territories
from the At-
lantic to Ari-
zona.

California,
Texas.

From Mary-
land south to
the Gulf of
Mexico and
west to the
Pacific; W.
Indies; Cent,
and S. Am.,
to S. Brazil.

AMERICAN MACROLEPIDOPTERA NORTH OF MEXICO.

165

agree with Phylaeus, and he further says Colon is from
India, though this locality with Fabr. might have meant in-
differently either the West or East Indies. I append here
the description of Colon, from Syst. Ent., p. 531, (177. r >) :

"Alls divaricatis, fulvis: macula media margineque striato
fuscis.

Habitat in India. Mus. Tottianum.

Summa affmitas P. Commatis. Antenn?e nigro fulvoque annu-
lata?, clava uncinata, basi fulva, apice nigra. Alae omne.s
fulvae, anticis, macula magna media margineque postico fus-
cis. Posticse margine exterior! et postico fuscis ; subtus alse
fulvse, immaculate."

It is also cited in Sp. Ins., II, p. 131, (1781), Mant. Ins., II, p.
84, (1787), Ent. Syst., Ill, 1, p. 327, (1793).

355. NAPA, W. H. EDWDS., (Hasp. N.), Proc. Ent. Soc.,
Phil., IV, p. 202, t, 1, (1865); Reak., 1. c., VI, p.
150, (1866); Scud., Proc. Chicago Acad., p. 335,
(1868); (Pam. N.) Kirby, Cat., p. 602, (1871);
Scud., Syst. Rev. Am. Butt,, p. 77, (1872).
Hesp. Dacotah, W. H. Edwds., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.,
Ill, p. 277, (1871).

t*356. DRACO, W. H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Ill, p.

274, (1871).

357. OTTOE, W. H. EDWDS., (Hesp. 0.), Proc. Ent, Soc.,
Phil., VI, p. 207, (1867); (Pam. O.) Kirby, Cat.,
p. 602, (1871); Scud., Syst. Rev. Am. Butt., p. 78,
(1872), Mem. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., II, p. 348, t.
10, f. 6, (1874).

t*358. YUMA, W. H. EDWDS., (Heap. 7.), Trans. Am. Ent.
Soc., IV, p. 346, (1873).

359. BRETTUS, BDL.-LEC., (Hesp. B.}, Lep. Am. Sept., t.

75, 9, (1833); (Pam. B.) Dbldy.-Hew., Gen. Diur.
Lep., II, p. 523, (1850-1852); La Sagra, Hist.
Cuba, An. Art,, p. 646, (1857); Morris, Syn., p.
118, (1862); Kirby, Cat,, p. 600, (1871); (Hedone
B.) Scud., Syst. Rev. Am. Butt., p. 79, (1872).
cT Heap. Wi-ngina, Scud., Proc. Ess. Ins., Ill, p. 173,
(1862).

Bdl.'s figures 3, 4 are incorrectly cited as males; all three of
his figures are females.

360. SASSACUS, HARRIS, (Hesp. ), Ins. Inj. Veg., Flint's

Ed., p. 315, (1862); Morris, Syn., p. 110, (1862);
Scud., Proc. Ess. Ins., Ill, p. 173, (1862), Proc.
Chicago Acad., p. 335, (1868); (Pam. S.) Kirby,
Cat., p. 599, (1871); Scud., Syst. Rev. Am. Butt.,
p. 77, (1872), Mem. Bost. Soc. Nat, Hist., II, p.
346, t, 10, (1874).
Larva on Panicum Sanguinale.

361. MYSTIC, W. H. EDWDS., (Hesp. M.), Proc. Ent, Soc.,

Phil., II, p. 15, t. 1, (1863); Scud., Proc. Ess. Ins ,
III, p. 172, (1862); Saund., Can. Ent,, J, p. 66,
Lar., (1869) ; (Pam. M.) Kirby, Cat,, p. 599, (1871);
(Limochores M.) Scud., Syst. Rev. Am. Butt., p. 80,
(1872).

Colorado.

Colorado.

Kansas,
Iowa, Ne-
brasba, Ind.

Arizona.

Southern
States from
Georgia to
Texas ;
Antilles.

Atlantic
States from
Massachu-
setts to Geor-
gia.

Canada, New
England and
Middle

States.

166

CATALOGUE OP THE

362. PECKIUS, KIRBY, (Hesp. P.), Faun. Bor. Am., TV, p.

300, t. 4, (1837); Emm., Nat. Hist, N.York Agr.,

V, p. 216, t. 32, f. 8, (1854) ; Harris, Ins. Inj. Veg.,
Flint's Ed., p. 315, f. 139, ?, (1862); (Pom. P.)
Kirby, Cat., p. 600, (1871); (Polites P.) Scud.,
Syst. Rev. Am. Butt,, p. 78, (1872).

Pam. Peckii, Morris, Syn., p. 120, (1862).
cf Hesp. Wamsutta, Harris, Ins. Inj. Veg., Flint's Ed.,
p. 318, f. 141, (1862); Morris, Syn., p. Ill, (1862);
Scud., Proc. Ess. Ins., Ill, p. 174, (1862); Saund.,
Can. Ent., I, p. 66, Lar., (1869) ; Pack., Guide, p
270, f. 198, (1869); (Pam. W.) Kirby, Cat,, p.
600, (1871).
Larva on grass.

363. NEMORUM, BDL., (Hesp. N.), Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 2me

Ser. X, p. 314, (1852) ; Morris, Syn., p. 107, (1862);
(Pam. JV.) Kirby, Cat., p. 602, (1871); (Ochlodes
N.} Scud., Syst. Rev. Am. Butt, p. 78, (1872).
Hesp. Yreka, W. H. Edwds., Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil.,

VI, p. 207, (1866); (Pam. F.) Kirby, Cat., p. 602,
(1871).

t*364. AGHICOLA, BDL., (Hesp. A.), Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 2me
Ser. X, p. 314, (1852); Morris, Syn., p. 108, (1862);
(Pam. A.) Kirby, Cat,, p. 602, (1871) ; (Ochlodes
A.} Scud., Syst, Rev. Am. Butt., p. 78, (1872).

f*365. CHUSCA, W. H. EDWDS., (Hesp. C.), Trans. Am. Ent.

Soc., IV, p. 346, (1873).

366. SYLVANUS, ESP., (Pap. S.). Schmett,, I, 1, f. 36,
(1777); Brkh., Schmett,, I, p. 180 & 285, (1788),
1. c., II, p. 236, (1789); Fabr., Mant. Ins., II, p.
84, (1787); Ent. Syst, III, 1, p. 326, (1793);
Lewin, Pap. Gt Brit, p. 96, t 46, f. 1-3, (1795);
Don., Nat. Hist. Brit. Ins., VIII, p. 8, t, 254, f. 2,
c?, (1799); Hub., Eur. Schmett, I, f. 482-484,
(1798-1803); Ross, Faun. Etr., II, p. 158, (1790),
Ed. 2,11, p. 251, (1807); Ochs., Schmett, Eur.,

I, 2, 226, (1808); (Hexp. tf.) Godt, Lep. Fr., I, t
12, sec. f. 2 c?, t 12, tert f. 3 c?, (1821); (Augi-
atles S.} Hub., Verz. Bek. Schmett, p. 112, (1816);
(Hesp. 8.) Latr., Enc. Meth., IX, p. 770, (1823);
(Pom. 8.) Steph., 111. Brit Ent. Haust, p. 101,
(1828), Cat Brit. Ins. Haust, p. 28, (1829) ; (Hesp.
S.) Mcigen, Handbuch, p. 79, (1827), Eur. Schmett.,

II, p. 67, (1830); Dune., Nat Lib. Ent., IV, p.
117, t, 2, (1836); (Pam. N.) Wood, Ind. Ent, p.
9, t 3, f. 80, (1845); Dbidy.-Hew., Gen. Diur.
Lep., II, p. 522, (1850-1852); (Hesp. 8.) Chenu,
Pap., p. 226, f. 382, (1851-1853); Bill., Ann. Soc.
Ent. Fr., 2me Ser. X, p. 313, (1852) ; Morris, Syn., p.
107, (1862); Stgr., Cat, p. 17, (1871); (Pam. S.}
Kirby, Cat, p. 602, (1871) ; (Augiades 8.) Scud.,
Syst Rev. Am. Butt, p. 79, (1872).

Canada, New
Eng., Middle
and Western
States to
Iowa and
Kansas.

California,

California.

Arizona.

California ;
Europe,
Northern
and Western
Asia.

AMERICAN MACROLEPIDOPTERA NORTH OF MEXICO.

1(37

Pap. Melicerta, Brk., Eur. Schmett,, I, p. 180 & 285,

(1788).
Pap. Minor ex aureo & fusco mixtus stria nigra ;

Streakt cloudy Hog. cT, cloudy Hog. 9 ; Petiv.,

Gaz., t. 4, f. 7, 8, (1702); Pap. Brit,, p. 2, t. 6, f.

16, 17, (1717).

I have never seen an American example of this species, but
have placed it in our fauna on the authority of Dr. Boisduval.

367. SYLVANOIDES, BDL., (Hesp. S.), Ann. Soc. Ent, Fr.,
2me Ser. X, p. 313, (1852); Morris, Syn., p. 107,
(1862); (Pam. S.) Kirby, Cat, p. 602, (1871).
Ochlodes Sonora, Scud., Syst. Rev. Am. Butt,, p. 78,
(1872).

1*368. RURK'OLA, BDL., (Hesp. R.}, Ann. Soc. Ent, Fr., 2me
Ser. X, p. 315, (1852); Morris, Syn., p. 108,
(1862); (Pam. R.} Kirby, Cat, p. 602, (1871).

f*369. PRATINCOLA, BDL., (Hesp. P.], Ann. Soc. Ent, Fr.,
2me Ser. X, p. 315, (1852); Morris, Syn., p. 108,
(1862); (Pam. P.) Kirby, Cat, p. 602, (1871);
Scud., Syst. Rev. Am. Butt, p. 83, (1872).

370. PAWNEE, DODGE, (Hesp. P.), Can. Ent, VI, p. 44,

(1874).

371. COMMA, LINN., (Pap. C/.), Syst. Nat, Ed. X, p. 484,

(1758), Ed. XII, I, 2, p. 793, (1767); Faun.Suec.,
]>. 285, (1761); Scop. Ent. Cam., p. 181, n. 463,
(1763); Wiem> V, p. 160; Fabr., Syst, Ent,
p. 531, (1775); Sp. Ins., II, p. 13l", (1781);
Mant Ins., II, p. 84, (1787); Ent. Syst, III, 1, p.
325, (1793); Esp., Schmett Eur., 1, 1, t. 23, (1777);
Eng, Pap. Eur., I, p. 194, t. 45, f. 95 d, (1779);
Brk., Schmett., I, p. 179 & 284, (1788); Ross,
Faun. Etr., II, p. 158, (1790), 1. c., Ed. 2, II, p.
251, (1807); Lewin, Pap. Gt Brit, p. 94, t. 45, f.
1, 2, (1795); Don., Nat Hist. Ins., IX, p. 17, t.
295, ?, (1800); Hub., Eur. Schmett, I, f. 479-
481, Lar. Lep. I, Pap. II, Gens. E, f. 3 a, (1798-
1803); Fabr., 111. Mag. Ins., VI, 287, (1807);
Ochs., Schmett, I, 2, p.~ 224, (1808); Godt, Hist.
Nat Lep. Fr., I, t, 12 tert f. 4, (1821); (Augiades
C.} Hub., Verz. Bek. Schmett, p. 112, (1816);
(Hesp. C.) Latr., Euc. Meth., IX, p. 769, (1823);
Meig., Handbuch, p. 78, t. 8, f. 8, (1827), Eur.
Schmett., II, p. 66, (1830); (Pam. C.) Steph., 111.
Brit, Ent, Haust,, I, p. 102, (1828), Cat. Brit, Ins.
Haust,, p. 28, (1829) ; Dun., Nat Lib. Ent,, IV, p.
119, t. 2, (1836); West-Hum., Brit. Butt, p.
128, t 41, (1841); Wood, Intl. Ent, p. 10, t 3,
(1845); (Hesp. C.) Bdl., Ann. Soc, Ent Fr., 2me
Ser. X, p. 313, (1852); Dbldy.-Hew., Gen. Diur.
Lep., II, p. 522, (1850-1852); Chenu, Pap., p. 226,
f. 383, (1851-1853); Morris, Syn., p. 109, (1862);
Stgr., Cat, p. 35, (1871); (Pam. C.) Kirby, Cat,

California.

California.

California.

Nebraska.

Colorado,
Utah, Mon-
tana, Cali-
fornia,
Nevada,
Oregon,
Arizona ;
Brit, Col.,
Siberia, Eu-
rope.

168

CATALOGUE OF THE

p. 602, (1871); Scud., Mem. Bost. Soc. Nat Hist.,

II, p. 350, t. 10, f. 13, 14, (1874).
Pap. Virgula, Retz., Gen. Spec. Ins., p. 31, n. 7,

(1783).
Pam. Nevada, Scud., Mem. Bost. Soc. Nat, Hist,, II,

p. 347, t, 10, f. 1-4, (1874).

Pam. Colorado, Scud., 1. c., p. 349, t. 10, f. 16-18.
Pam. Manitoba, Scud., 1. c., p. 351, t. 10, f. 8-11.

, Raj., Hist. Ins., 125, (1710).

, Merian, Eur. Ins., 15, t. 48, (1717).

-, Schaef., Icon., Ill, t. 260, f. I, II,

274, f. I, II, (1804), Hesp. Urb. Comma, Norn.

Pan/., p. 208, & Hesp. rur. C., p. 215, (1804).

Larva on Coronilla Varia in Europe,
var. a. CATENA, STGR., (Hesp. C.}, Stett, Ent. Zeit., p.

357, (1861), Cat, Lep. Eur,, p. 35, (1871); (Pam.

C.) Kirby, Cat, p. 602, (1871); Scud., Mem. Bost.

Soc. Nat. Hist., II, t. 10, f. 12 & 15, (1874).

Under surface secondaries very dark greenish, spots conspicu-
ous and of silvery whiteness.

var. b. JUBA, SCUD., Syst. Rev. Am. Butt., p. 77, (1872),
Mem. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist,, II, p. 349, t. 10, f. 19,

20, (1874).

Somewhat larger ; less obscured with fuscous on upper surface,
especially in $.

? var. c. COLUMBIA, SCUD., Syst. Kev. Am. Butt,, p. 77,

(1872).

Pam. Sylvanoides, Scud., (nee. Bdl.}, Mem. Bost, Soc.
Nat. Hist., p. 351, t. 10, f. 21, 22, (1874).

Smaller ; $ has on upper surface a brown furry patch joining
the inner side of the discal dash. Silver marks of under side
of secondaries in both sexes small and placed somewhat diff-
erently from any of the above forms ; they consist of a
chevron-shaped discal spot, an abbreviated mesial bar,
formed of confluent spots, with a small isolated spot near its
apical end, but not in a line with it, being somewhat interior
thereto.

This may perhaps be a distinct species.

j;372. RIDINGSII, REAR., (Hesp. R.}, Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil.,
VI, p. 151, ?, (1866); Kirby, Cat., p. 615, (1871).

Only known by the unique 9 tv P e formerly in Mus. Eeak.
Though of greater size, it approaches Comma somewhat in
the markings, especially of under surface; and it may possi-
blv prove to be a melanotic aberration of that species.

It bears also, on both surfaces, more particularly the lower, a
striking resemblance to Metea <j\

373. SABULETI, BDL., (Hexp. S.}, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 2ine
Ser. X, p. 316, (1852); Morris, Syn., p. 109,
(1862); (Pam. S.) Kirby, Cat,, p. 602, (1871);
(Polite* S.) Scud., Syst, Rev. Am. Butt., p. 78,

(1872).

N.Labrador,
Lapland.

California,

Arizona,

Utah.

California.

Colorado.

California.

AMERICAN MACROLEPIDOPTBEA NORTH OF MEXICO.

169

f*374. UNCAS, W. H. EDWDS., (Hesp. U.), Proc. Ent, Hoc.,

Phil., II, p. 19, t. 5, f. 3, c?, (183); (Pam. U.)

Kirby, Cat., p. 000, (1871); (Athomaster U.) Scud.,

Syst. Rev. Am. P,utt,, ]>. 78, (1872).

f*375. LICINUS, W. H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Ent, Soc., Ill,

p. 275, (1871).

370. METEA, SCUD., (He*p. If.), Proc. Ess. Ins., Ill, p. 177,

(1862): (I 'am. M.) Kirhy, Cat,, p. 607, (1871);

(Oeytfs M.} Scud., Syst, Rev. Am. Butt., p. 76,

(1872).

377. ATTAINTS, W. H. EDWDS., (Heap. A.}, Trans. Am. Ent.

Sue., Ill, p. 276, (1871).

var. a. SEMINOLE, SCUD., (Ooyles &), Syst, Rev. Am.
Butt,, p. 76, (1872).

Darker on under surface. Pale spots of upper surface all
smaller.

|-*37X. MESKEI, W. H. EDWDS., Can. Ent,, IX, p. 58, (1877).
379. LEONARDOS, HARRIS, (Hesp. L.), Ins. Inj. Vea;.,
Flint's Ed., ]>. 314, f. 138, c?, (1862); Morris, Syn.,
p. 110, (1862); Scud., Proc. Ess. Ins., Ill, p. 172,
(1S62), Proc. Chicago Acad., p. 335, (1868); (Pam.
L.} Kirby, Cat., p.' 599, (1871); (Athomaster L.}
Scud., Syst,. Rev. Am. Butt,, p. 78, (1872).

t*380. SNOWI, W. H. EDWDS., Can. Ent., IX, p. 29, (1877).

381. PONTIAC, W. H. EDWDS., (Heap. P.], Proc. Ent. Soc.,

Phil., II, p. 17, t. 11, f. 5, c?, (1863); (Pam. P.)

Kirby, Cat,, p. 600, (1871).
Hesp. Conspicua, W. H. Edwds., Proc.. Ent. Soc.,

Phil., II, p. 17, t. 5, f. 5, 9, (1863); Scud., Proc.

( 'hirau-o Acad. Nat, So., p. 336, cT. (1868) ; Parker,

Clan. Ent,, III, p. 51, cT,(1871); (Pam. C.) Kirby,

Cat., p. 606, (1871); (Atrytone C.) Scud., Syst,

Rev. Am. Butt., p. 77, (1872).
Redone Orona, Scud., Syst, Rev. Am. Butt., p. 79,

(1872).

382. CERNES, BDL.-LEC., (Hesp. C.}, Lep. Am. Sept., t, 76,

f. 1, 2, (1833); (Pam. C.) Dbldy.-Hew., Gen.

Diur. Lep., II, p. 523, (1850-1852); Kirby, Cat.,

p. 599, (1871).
Hesp. Arogos, Bdl.-Lec., Lep. Am. Sept., t. 76, f. 3,

4, 5, (1833); (Pam. A.} Dbldy.-Hew., Gen. Diur.

Lep., II, p. 523, (1850-1852); Morris, Syn., p.

118, (1862); Kirby, Cat,, p. 600, (1871).
Hesp. Ahaton, Harris, Ins. Inj. Veg., Flint's Ed., p.

317, f. 140, 9, (1862) ; Morris, Syn., p. Ill, (1862) ;

Scud., Proc. Ess. Ins., Ill, p. 176, (1862), Proc.

Chicago Acad., p. 335, (1868) ; (Pam. A.) Kirby,

Cat,, p. 600, (1871).
Pap. Taumus, Fabr., Mant. Ins., II, p. 84, (1787);

Ent, Syst., Ill, 1, p. 327, (1793); (Heap. Th.)

Latr., Enc. Meth., IX, p. 766, (1823); (Pam. Th.)

Dbldy.-Hew., Gen. Diur. Lep., II, p. 522, (1850-

British Am.
Mid.&Wes.
States to Col-
orado.

Texas.

Massachu-
setts, Con-
necticut,
N. York.

ixas.

Florida.

Texas.
New. EM^.&
Mid. States;
W. Va.,
( )hio, Ind.,
111., Ark.,
Kan.
Colorado.
New York,
Ohio, Ind.,
111., Mich.,
Iowa, Minn.,
Neb.

Canada ;
United
States and
Territories
to Colorado
and Texas.

170

CATALOGUE OF THE

1852); Morris, Syn., p. 117, (1862); Kirby, Cat.,
p. 599, (1871); (Limochores T.) Scud., Syst. Rev.
Am. Butt., p. 80, (1872).

Pap. Origenes'?, Fabr., Ent. Syst., Ill, 1, p. 328,
(179:]); (I'ap. 0.) Don., Ins. Intl., t. 48, f. 2,
(1800); (Pam. 0.} Morris, Syn., p. 117, (1862);
Kirby, Cat., p. 599, (1871).

I am doubtful whether Origenes be the same as our species. Nei-
ther Fabricius' description nor Donovan's figure agree with it
in several respects, but we must bear in mind that Donovan was
somewhat careless in his delineations, often depending on
rough sketches or even his memory in finishing his figures.

Fabricius' description is :

"Alis divaricatus concoloribus fuscis: striga punctorum albo-
rum, anticis basi testacis.

Pap. Origines. Jon. fig. pict. 6, tab. 74. f. 2.

Habitat in Indiis, Dom. Jones.

Statura omnino praecedentium. Alae omnes fuscae striga
punctorum alborum. Anticae basi oblique testaceae."

383. MANATAAQUA, SCUD., (Hesp.M.), Proc. Ess. Ins., Ill, p.

175, (1862) ; (Pam. M.} Kirby, Cat,, p. 599, (1871);
(Limochores M.} Scud., Syst. Rev. Am. Butt., p.
80, (1872).

Hesp. Gerties, Harris, Ins. Inj. Veg., Flint's -Ed., p.
316, (1862).

384. OTHO, ABB.-&M., (Pap. 0.}, Ins. Ga., I, p. 31, t. 16,

(1797); (Pam. 0.) Kirby, Cat., p. 603, (1871).

Larva on Panicum Sanguinale.
var. a. HESP. EGEREMET, SCUD., Proc. Ess. Ins., Ill,

p. 174, (1862); (Pam. E.) Kirby, Cat, p. 603,

(1871).
Hesp. Otho, Rdl.-Lec., (nee Abb.-Sm.), Lep. Am. Sept.,

t, 77, (1833).
Hcdone Jttna, Scud., Syst. Rev. Am. Butt., p. 79,

(1872).

In both sexes the entire ground colour above and below is dark
brown.

385. BIMACULA, Git.-Rop,., (Hesp. B.), Ann. N. Y. Lye. Nat,

Hist., VIII, p. 433, (1867); (Pam. B.) Kirby,

Cat., p. 603, (1871); (Limochores .) Scud., Syst,

Rev. Am. Butt,, p. 80, (1872).
Hesp. Aconootus, Scud., Proc. Bost, Soc. Nat, Hist.,

XT, p. 381, (1868).
Hesp. Illinois, Dodge, Can. Ent., -TV, p. 217, (1872).

386. ARPA, BDL.-LEC., (Hesp. A.}, Lep. Am. Sept., t. 68,

(1833); (Pam. A.) Dbldy.-Hew., Gen. Diur. Lep.,
II, p. 523, (1850-1852); Morris, Syn., p. 117,
(1862); Kirby, Cat., p. 597, (1871) ;' (Limochores
A.) Scud., Syst, Rev. Am. Butt,, p. 80, (1872).

387. BULENTA, BDL.-LEC., (Hesp. B.), Lep. Am. Sept., t, 67,

(1833); (Pam. B.} Dbldy.-Hew., Gen. Diur. Lep.,
II, p. 523,(1 850-1 852); Morris, Syn., p. 117,(1862);
Kirby, Cat,, p. 597, (1871).
Hesp. Pilatka, W. H, fflwds., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.,
I, p. 287, (1867).

Canada ; U.
S. and Ter.
from Atlan-
tic to Par i fie.

Gulf States
from Ga. to
Texas.
Canada ;
United
States from
the Atlantic
to the Mis-
sissippi Val-
ley.

Mass., N.
York, Ohio,
Ind., 111.,
Iowa, Ark.,
Neb.

Gulf States.

Gulf States.

AMERICAN MACROLEPIDOPTERA NORTH OF MEXICO.

171

Pam. Pilalka, Kirby, Cat., p. 002, (1871).
Limoehores Palafka, Scud., Syst, Rev. Am. Butt., p.

80, (1872).
,388. METACOMET, HARRIS, (Hasp. M.), Ins. Inj. Vei>-.,

Flint's Ed., ]>. 317, (1862); Morris, Syn., p. Ill,

(1862); Scud., Proc. Chicago Acad., p. 335, (1868);

(Pam. M.) Kirby, Cat,, p. 600, (1871) ; (Eujilu/,-*

M.) Scud., Syst. Rev. Am. Butt,, p. 80, (1872) ; (Pam.

M.) Putnam, Proc. Dav. Acad., I, p. 186, (1876).
Pam. Rurea, W. H. Edwih., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc.,

Phil., p. 58, (1862); (Hcsp. It.} Trans. Am. Ent,

Soc., II, p. 288, (1867).
J389. KIOWAH, REAK., (Hesp. X.), Proc. Ent, Soc., Phil.,

VI, p. 150, (1866); (Pam. K.) Kirby, Cat., p. 600,

(1871).

Only known through the unique $ type which passed into my
keeping. It is the size and colour of Metacbmet, hut the infe-
riors are smaller and both surfaces of all wings are. uniform
blackish brown, totally devoid of every vestige of marking
save the black discal line on upper side of primaries.

f*390. OSCEOLA, LINT., MSS. W. H. Edwds., Trans. Am.

Ent. Soc., VI, (1877).
391. Arnus, ABB.-SM., (Pap. A.), Ins. Ga., I, t, 23, (1797);

(Pam. A.) Dbldy.-Hew., Gen. Diur. Lop., II, p.

523, (1850-1852); Kirby, Cat., p. 51)7, (1871);

(Lerema A.) Scud., Syst, Rev. Am. Butt., p. 82,

(1872).
Hesp. Monaco, Scud., Proc. Ess. Ins., Ill, p. 178,

(1862); (Pam. M.} Kirby, Cat,, p. 600, (1871).
Hesp. Nortonii, W. H. Edwds., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc ,

I, p. 287, (1867).
Hesp. Punctella, G.-R., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., I, p. 1,

(1867); (Pam. P.) Kirby, Cat., p. 600, (1871).

Larva on Indian corn, Wistaria Frutescens.
t*392. DEVA, W. H. EDWDS., (Hesp. D.), Trans. Am. Ent.

Soc., V, p. 292, (1876).
1*393. VKSTRIS, BDL., (Hesp. 1 V.), Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 2me

Ser. X, p. 317, (1852) ; Morris, Syn., p. 109, (1862);

(Pam. V.} Kirby, Cat,, p. 597, (1871); (Euphycs

V.) Scud., Syst. Rev. Am. Butt,, p. 80, (1872).
1*394. HORUS, W. H. EDWDS., (Hesp. H.}, Trans. Am. Ent.

Soc., Ill, p. 277, (1871).

395. VERNA, W. H. EDWDS., Proc. Acad. Nat, Sc., Phil., p.

57, (1862); Kirby, Cat., p. 599, (1871); (EupJn/cs
V.) Scud., Syst. Rev. Am. Butt., p. 80, (1872).

396. HIANNA, SCUD., (Hesp. H.), Proc. Bost, Soc. Nat.

Hist,, XI, p. 382, (1868); (Pam. II.} Kirby, Cat.,
p. 600, (1871); (Lerema H.) Scud., Syst, Rev. Am.
Butt,, p. 82, (1872).

397. VITELLIUS, FABR., (Pap. V.), Ent. Syst,, III, 1, p.

327, (1793); Hew. in Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., I, p.
34-1, (1812) ; ( Thym. V.) Iliib., Samm. Ex. Schmett,,

Canada ;
Northern
United
States from
Maine to
Kansas.

" Rocky
Mts." '

Mendocino,

Califa.

(Jn If States.

Arizona.
California.

rn

1 exas.

Pa. south to the
Carolina^ and
west to Kansas.

New. Eng.
States, N.York,
Mich., Iowa,
Wis., Neb.

Pa. south to
GulfofMex.
and west to
Rocky Mts.

172

CATALOGUE OF THE

II, Lep. I, Pap. II, Gent. VI, Astyci G., vig. 6,
(1816-1844); Verz. Bek. Schmett., p. 113, (1816).

Hcxp. Delaware, W. H. Edwds., Proc. Ent. Soe.,
Phil., II, p. 19, t, V, f. 2, d 1 , (1863); Scud., Proc.
Chicago Acad., p. 336, (1868) ; (Thym. D.) Kirby,
Cat., p. 610, (1871).

Heap. Logan, W. H. Edwds., Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil.,
II, p. 18, t, 1, f. 5, 9, (1863); Trans. Am. Ent,
Soc., II, p. 288, (1867) ; Send., Proc. Chicago Acad.,
p. 336, (1868); (Pam. L.) Kirby, Cat., p. 607,
(1871); (Atrytone L.} Scud., Syst. Rev. Am. Butt.,
p. 77, (1872).

398. ZABULON, BDL.-LEC., (Hesp. Z.}, Lep. Am. Sept., t. 76,

f. 6, 7, (1833); (Pam. Z.} Dbldy.-Hew., Gen. Diur.
Lep., II, p. 523, (1850-1852); Morris, Syn., p.
116, (1862); Kirby, Cat,, p. 603, (1871); (Atrytonc
Z.) Scud., Syst. Rev. Am. Butt,, p. 77, (1872).

Has been frequently confounded with Hbbomok, Harr., but is
entirely distinct.

399. HOBOMOK, HARRIS, (Hesp. H.}, Ins. Inj. Veg., Flint's

Ed., p. 313, f. 137, (1862); Morris, Syn., p. 110,
(1862); Scud., Proc. Ess. Ins., Ill, p. 171, (1862),
Proc. Chicago Acad., p. 335, (1868); Saund., Can.
Ent , I, p. 66, Lar., (1869) ; (Pam. H.} Kirby, Cat,,
p. 603, (1871).

Atrytone Zabulon, ScwL, (nee J>dl.-Lcc.), Syst, Rev.
Am. Butt,, p. 77, (1872).
Larva on grass.

var. a. (^UADAQUINA, SCUD., (Hesp. Q.}, Proc. Bosl.
Soc. Nat. Hist., XI, p. 381, (1868); (Pam. Q.)
Kirby, Cat,, p. 603, (1871).

This and the following are melanotic forms of Ilobomok, having
both surfaces obscured with dark brown.

ab. b. 9 POCAHONTAS, SCUD., (Hesp. P.), Proc. Ess.
Ins., Ill, p. 171, (1862); Proc. Host, Soc. Nat,
Hist,, XI, p. 381, (1868); (Pam. P.] Kirby, Cat.,
p. 603, (1871); (Heap. P.) Strode., Lep., Rhop.-
Het., p. 7, (1872).

400. MASSASOIT, SCUD., (Hc^p. 3/.), Proc. Ess. Ins., Ill, p.

171, (1862); (Pam. M.} Kirby, Cat., p. 607, (1871);
(Ponnex M.} Scud., Syst. Rev. Am. Butt.,' p. 76,
(1872).

401. VIATOR, W. H. EDWDS., (Hcxp. V.}, Proc. Ent, Soc.,

Phil., 1 V, ]. 202, 1. 1, f. 5, (1865) ; (Pain, V.) Kirby,
Cat,, p. 608, (1871); (P/n/mnasxa 1'.) Scud., Syst.
Rev. Am. Butt,, p. 77, (1872).

J402. MKLANK, \V. H. EDWDS., (llexp. M.), Trans. Am. Ent.
Soc., JI, p. 312, (1869); (Pam. M.} Kirby, Cat,, p.
U07, (1871).

Mr. \\. II. K.lwds. in Trans. Am. Knt. Soc., VI, Feb., 1S77,
cites tliis as a "dim. var. '.,' " of ,\<i)>u. This is curious, as

Pa. south-
ward to Gulf
of Mexico,
west to
Texas.

Canada ;
United
States from
Atlantic to
the Rocky
Mite.

New. Eng.
and Middle
States.

Southern Stairs
from the Oaro-
linas to Texas.

( California.

AMERICAN MACROLEPIDOPTERA NORTH OF MEXICO.

173

he described Melane himself from "1^,1 $, collection
Tryon Keakirt, Esq." There are in this coll., including
Edwds.' types, 3 ^, 1 Q . &\\ of which are now in my posses-
sion. They are indubitably <-^ and $ ; in that there is no
mistake, and Edwds. properly described both sexes in Trans.
II, 312 ; and what makes it still more strange that he should
later place it as a var. of Napa, is that the tf is entirely des-
titute of the raised discal bar or stigma so conspicuous in
Napa $ and allies.
Melane is a dark brown species. Napa a yellow one.

403

IOWA, SCUD., (Hesp. /.), Trans. Chicago Acad., p. 336,
(1808); (Atrytone /.) Syst. Rev. Am. Butt., p. 77,
(1872); (Thym. I.) Kirby, Cat., p. 610, (1871).
Pap. Vitettius, Abb.-Sm.., (nee Fabr.}, Ins. Ga,, I, p.
34, t, 17, (1797); (Pam. V.) Dbldy.-Hew., CJcn.
Diur. Lep., II, p. 52, (1850-1852);' Morris, Syn.,
p. J20, (1862); Kirby, Cat, p. 603, (1871).
Larva on Panicum Orus-gaUi.

404. PANOQUIN, SCUD., (Hesp. P.), Proc. Ess. Ins., Ill, p. 178,

(1862); (Pam. P.) Kirby, Cat., p. 608, (1871);
(Prenes P.) Scud., Syst. Rev. Am. Butt,, p. 81,
(1872).

Hcsp. Ophi*, W. H. Edwds., Trans. Am. Ent. Soo.,
Ill, p. 216, (1871).

405. OCOLA. W. H. EDWDS., (Heap. O.), Proc. Ent. Soo., Phil.,

II, p. 20, t. 11, f. 4, (1863); (Pam. 0.) Kirby,
Cat., p. 607, (1871); (Prenes 0.) Scud., Syst. Rev.
Am. Butt, p. 81, (1872).

406. F/niLius, CRAM., (Pap. E.), Pap. Ex., IV, t. 392, A, B,

(1782); ( Calpodes E.} Hub., Ver/. Bek. Schmett,
p. 107, (1816); (Pam. E.) Kirby, Cat, p. 596,
(1871); (Calpodes E.) Scud., Syst Rev. Am. Butt,
p. 82, (1872).

Heap. Ctiemnis, A'a&r., Ent, Syst,, III, 1, p. 331,
(1793); (Hesp. C. ct EM.} Latr., Enc. Moth., IX,
p. 746, (1823); (Pap. <".) Don., Ins. Ind , t. 49, f.
1, (1800).

Eudamusf Olynthus, Bdl.-Lcc., Lep. Am. Sept., t, 75,
f. 1, 2, (1833); (Goniloba 0.) Morris, Syn., p. 113,
(1862); (Pom. 0.) Kirby, Cat, p. 596, '(1871).

A single example of this southern species was taken in West
Farms, N. Y., by James Angus some years since.

J07. AUriTLATA, W. II. EDWDS., (IJ t >xp. .17.), Proc. Ent. Soc.,
Phil., IV, p. 202, t 1, f. 6, (1865); (Pam. M.}
Kirby, Cat, p. 599, (1871 ); (Oligoria M.} Scud.,
Syst, Rev. Am. Butt., p. 81, (1872).

108. OSKYA, W. H. EDWDS., (llcxp. O.), Trans. Am. Ent Soc.,

I, p. 288, (1867); (Paw. O.) Kirby, Cut, p. 607,
(1871); (EuphycK O.) Scud., Syst Rev. Am. Butt,
p. 79, '(1X72).

Hexp. Kufiila, IT. 11. Edird., Trans. Am. Ent, Soc.,

II, p. 311, (1869); (/'am. E.) Kirby, Cat, p. 606,
(1871); (Lcrodca E.} Scud., Syst Rev. Am. Unit,
p. 79, (1S72).

Gulf States ;
Iowa, Ne-
braska.

Gulf States.

Gulf States.

Gulf States ;
S. Am. to
Buenos
Ayres.

Southern
States, Ga.
to Texas.

Southern
States ;
Georgia to
Texas.

174

CATALOGUE OF THE

Texas.

U. S. from
Atlantic to
Mississippi
Valley.
New En^.
and Middle
States, Mich.
Iowa, Wis-
consin.

Eufala.\vas sent to me from Apalachicola, Fla., by Dr. A. W.
Chapman, who also furnished Mr. W. H. Edwds. with the
example from which the latter made his description. Later
I obtained examples of Oskya taken in Texas and identified
)>v Mr. Edvvds. himself, and I cannot, with my best will, find
any characteristics by which to separate them into two
species.

40!). CO.MI.IS, W. H. EDWDS., (Hasp. .), Trans. Am. Ent.
Soc., V, p. 206, (1876).

410. VIALIS, W. H. EDWDS., (Hasp. I".), Proc. Acad. Nut.

Sc., Phil., p. 58, (1862); (Pam. V.} Kirl.y, Cat., p.
608, (1871); (AmMyseirtcs V.} Scud., Syst. Rev.
Am. Butt., p. 7.5, (1872).

411. SAMOSET, SCUD., (Hesp. S.), Proc. Ess. Ins., Ill, p. 176,

(1862); (Ambli/scirtes 8.) Syst. Rev. Am. Butt.,

p. 75, (1872).
IIcsp. Heyon, Scud., Proc. Ess. Ins., Ill, p. 176,

(1862); Kirby, Cat., p. 613, (1871).
Hesp. Nemiyris, W. H. Etiwd*., Proc. Ent, Soc., Phil.,

II, p. 507, (1863); 1. c., IA T , t, I, (1865).
Hasp. Alternata, G.-R., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., I, p. 3,

(1867); (Pam. A.) Kirby, Cat,, p. 606, (1871).

Larva on Andropoyon Arenaceum.

412. FUSCA, G.-R,, (Hesp. P.), Trans. Am. Ent, Soc., I, p.

2, (1867); (Pam. F.) Kirby, Cat,, p. 607, (1871) ;
(Lerodea F.} Scud., Syst. Rev. Am. Butt., p. 80,
(1872).

413. TEXTOR, HUB., (Pyrgus T.),'/Aiti\ Ex. Schmett., f. 515,

516, (1825); Dbldy.-Hew., Gen. Diur. Lep., II, p.

518, (1850-1852);' (Pam.. T.} Kirby, Cat., p. 606,

(1871); (Stomyles T.) Scud., Syst. Rev. Am. Butt,

p. 76, (1872).
Hesp. Oneko, Scud., Proc. Ess. Ins., Ill, p. 176,

(1862); Kirby, Cat,, p. 613, (1871).
Hesp. Wakulla, \V. H. Edwds., Trans. Am. Ent, Soc.,

II, p. 311, (1869).

t*414. NEREUS, W. H. EDWDS., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., V, p.
207, (1876).

415. Eos, W. H. EDWDS., (Hesp. K), Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.,

III, p. 286, (1871).

416. SIMILIS, STRECK., Lep., Rhop.-IIet., (1877).

The earlier stages of but few of the species of Pamphila are
known, but it is presumed that the larva of most of them feed
on grass.

GENUS 6. ANCYLOXYPIIA, FELD.

417. Puoruis, W. II. EDWDS., (Hcteroptcnix 7 J .), Trans. Am. Texas.

Ent. Soc., Ill, p. 215, (1871).

var. a. WACO, W. H. EDWDS., (llcxp. W.}, Trans. Am.
Knt. Soc,. II, p. 122, (186S); (Pam. W.} Kirl.y,
Cat,, p. 608, (1871); (Thi/in. IT.) Scud., Sysl. Rev.
Am. Butt., p. 74, (1872).'

Southern
States,
Georgia to
Texas.
Southern
States,
Georgia to
Texas.

Ari/ona.

Son. State's,
Ga. to Tex.
San Antonio,

T IT

1 cxas.

AMERICAN MACROLEPIDOPTERA NORTH OF MEXICO.

175

Hesp. Minima, W. II. Edwds., Trans. Am. Ent, Soe.,
Ill, p. 196, (1870); (Thym. M.} Kirby, Cat,, p.
656, (1871).

Destitute of the white streak which runs from base to middle
of outer edge on under side of secondaries in Procris.

f*418. ARENE, W. H. EDWDS., (Hetcropterus A.}, Trans. Am.

Ent. Soc., Ill, p. 214, (1871); (Thym. A.} Scud.,

Syst. Rev. Am. Butt., p. 75, (1872).
419. NUMITOR, FABR., (Hesp. JV.), Ent, Syst., Ill, 1, p. 324,

(1793); (Pop. JV.) Don., Ins. Ind., t. 44, (1800) ;

(Hesp. JN.) Latr., Enc. Meth., IX, p. 776, (1823);

(Pam. JV.) Dbldy.-Hcw., Gen. Diur. Lop., II, p.

523, (1850-1852); Morris, Syn., p. 120, (1862);

(Thymelicus N.) Kirby, Cat,, p. 609, (1871); (An-

ci/l, N.) Scud., Syst. Rev. Am. Butt., p. 74, (1872).
Thymelicus Puer, If lib., Verz. Bek. Schmett,, p. 113,

(1816); Zutr. Ex. Sehmett,, f. 275, 276, (1823).
Hetcropterus Marginatus, Harris, Ins. Inj. Veg.,

Flint's Ed., p. 308, f. 131, (1862); (Thym. M.)

Kirby, Cat., p. 610, (1871).
{420. GARITA, REAR., (Hesp. G.), Proc. Ent, Soc., Phil., VI,

p. 150, (1866); (Pam. G.) Kirby, Cat., p. 607,

(1871); (Hesp. G.) Streck., Lep., Rhop.-Het,, p.

93, (1874).
Hcsp. Powesheik, Parker, Am. Ent., If, p. 271, (1870);

(OarismaP.} Scud., Syst, Rev. Am. Butt,, p.75,(l 872).
? var. a, HYLAX, W. H. Emms., (Thymeticus H.) Trans.

Am. Ent. Soc., Ill, p. 274, (1871).

Ari/ona.

Canada ;
United
States from
the Atlantic
to the Rocky
Mts.

Colorado,

Nebraska,

Illinois.

Colorado.

GENUS 7. CARTEROCEPHALUS, LED.

421. MANDAN, W. H. EDWDS., (Hesp. M.}, Proc. Ent, Soc.,
Phil., II, p. 20, t, 5, f. 1,(1863); (Heteropterus
M.} Kirby, Cat,, p. 624, (1871); (Oi/elopides M.}
Scud., Syst. Rev. Am. Butt,, p. 75, (1872).

Hesperia Mesapano, Scud., Proc. Bost. Soc, Nat, Hist,,
XI, p. 383, (1868); (Ifeteropterus M.} Kirby, Cat,,
p. 624, (1871).

Oyctopides Skada, W. H. Edwds., Trans. Am. Ent,
Soc,, III, p. 196, (1870); (Heteropterus 8.) Kirby,
Cat,, p. 656, (1871); (Cyclopides S.) Scud., Syst,
Rev. Am. Butt,, p. 75, (1872).

f*422. OMAHA, W. H. EDWDS., (Hesp. 0.), Proc. Ent, Soc.,
Phil., II, p. 21, (1863); Reak., 1. c., VI, p. 150,
(1866); (Pam. O.) Kirby, Cat,, p. 607, (1871);
(Potantfms O.) Scud., Syst, Rev. Am. Butt., p. 75,
(1872).

Hesp. Mingo, W. H. Edwds., Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil.,
VI, p. 207, (1866); (Pam. M.) Kirby, Cat., p. 607,
(1871).

Potanthus Calif arnica, Scud., Syst. Re^. Am. Butt,, p.
75, (1872). '

White Mts.

of New

Hampshire ;

Labrador,

British

Columbia,

Alaska.

West Va.,

Colorado,

California,

17(5

CATALOGUE OF THE

GENUS 8. PYRGUS, HUB.

42.3. SVRICHTUS, FABR., (Pap. 6'.), Syst, Ent., p. 534, (1775);

Sp. Ins., II, p. 137, (1781); Mant, Ins., II, p. 90,

(1787); Ent. Syst., III,. 1, p. 349, (1793) ; (Pi/rf/.

S.) Hiib., Verz. Bek. Schmett., p. 109, (1816);

(Hesp. S.) Latr., Enc. Metli., IX, p. 785, (1823);

(Pyrg. S.) Dbldy. Hew., Gen. Diur. Lep., II, p.

518, (1850-1852); (Hesp. S.) Kirby, Cat,, p. 616,

(1871); Scud., Syst. Rev. Am. Butt., p. 73, (1872).
Pap. Orcus, Cram., Pa}). Ex., IV, t. 334, I, K, L,

(1782).

rg. Olleus, West. Humph., (nee Linn.}, Brit, Butt.,

t/ 38, f. 14, 15, (1841); Reak., Proc. Ent. Soc.,

Phil, VI, p. 150, (1866).
SyricMus Oilus, Mori-is, Syn., p. 121, (1862).
Pap. Tartarus, Hub., Eur. Schmett., f. 716, 717,

(1803-1818).
Hesperia Tessellata, Scud., Syst. Rev. Am. Butt., p.

73, (1872); Can. Ent,, IV, p. 77, (1872); (7>r/-

T.) Putnam, Proc. Dav. Aead., I, p. 197, (1876).
Syriehtus Communis, Grote, Can. Ent., IV, p. 69,

(1872); (llcsp. C.) 1. c., p. 220, (1872).

Larva on wild tea (Seda).

424. CENTAUREVE, RAMBK., (Hesp. C.), Faun. Ent, And., t,

8, f. 10, (1839); Bdl., Gen. et Intl., p. 36, (1840) ;
. H-S., Schmett, Eur., I, Hesp., f. 1-3, (1845);
Wallgr., Skand. Dagf., p. 265, (1853) ; (Seel. C.)
Rambr., Cat. Lep. And., I, p. 78, (1858); (Syr. C.)
Mosch., Wicn. Ent. Mon., VIII, p. 193, (1864);
Stgr., Cat,, p. 34, (1871); (Ifesp. C.) Kirby, Cat.,
p. 614, (1871) ; Scud., Syst. Rev. Am. Butt., p. 74,
(1872).

Syr. Ruralis, Bdl., Ann. Soc. Ent, Fr., 2me Ser. X,
p. 311, (1852); Morris, Syn., p. 121, (1862);
(Heap. R.} Kirby, Cat,, p. 616, (1871).

Hesp. Wyandot, W. H. Edwds., Proc: Ent. Soc,, Phil.,

II, p. 21, t. 5, f. 4, (1863); Kirby, Cat., p. 614,
(1871).

425. RICARA, W. H. EDWDS., (Hesp. R.}, Proc. Ent, Soc.,

Phil., IV, p. 203, t. 1, (1865); (Pyrg. R.) Reak.,

1. c., VI, p. 150, (1866); (Heap. R.) Kirby, Cat,

]>. 614, (1871).
Hexp. Ruralis, Scud., (nee Bdl.}, Syst, Rev. Am.

Butt., p. 74, (1872).
Syr. Petreius, W. II. Edwds., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.,

III, p. 195, (1870).

t*426. C.ESi'iTALrs, BDL., (Syr. C.), Ann. Soc, Ent. Fr., 2me
Ser. X, p. 312, (1852) ; Morris, Syn., p. 121, (1862);
(Hesp. C.} Kirby, Cat,, p. 61 6, (1871); Scud., Syst.
Rev. Am. Butt.,' p. 74, (1872).

UnitedStates
and Territo-
ries from
Atlantic to
Pacific ;

j Cent, and S.

! Am. to
Buenos
Ay res.

Labrador ;
New York,
Virginia,
Colorado ;
Norway,
Lapland.

Nevada,
California.

California.

AMERICAN MACROLEPIDOPTERA NORTH OF MEXICO. 177

t*427. SCRIPTURA, BDL., (Syr. ) Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 2me California.

Ser. X, p. 313, (1852) ; Morris, Syn., p. 121, (1862) ;

(Heap -8'.) Kirby, Cat,, p. 616, (1871); Scud., Syst,

Rev. Am. Butt", p. 73, (1872).
428. ERICETORUM, BDL., (Syr. E.} Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 2me Oregon,

Ser. X, p. 313, (1852); Morris, Syn., p. 121, California.

(1862); (Leucochitones E} Kirby, Cat,, p. 617,

(1871); (Leucoscirtes E.} Scud., Syst. Rev. Am.

Butt., p. 72, (1872).
Syr. Alba, W. H. Edwds., Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. VI,

p. 206, (1866),; (Heap. A.) Kirby, Cat,, p. 614,

(1871).
f*429. OCEANUS, W. H. EDWDS., (Syr. O.), Trans. Am. Ent. Arizona.

Soc. Ill, p. 213, (1871); (Leucoscirtes 0.) Scud.,

Syst. Rev. Am. Butt., p. 72, (1872).

GENUS 9. SPILOTHYRUS, DUP.

430. NOTABILIS, STRECK., Lep. Rhop.-Het., p. 131, (1877). San Antonio,

Tex.

GENUS 10. NISONIADES, HUB.
(Thanaos, Bdl.)

431. JUYENALIS, FABR., (Hesp. J.) Ent. Syst, III, 1, p. United

339, (1793) ; (Pap. J.) Abb.-Sm., Ins. Ga. I, t. 21, i States from

(1797); (Hesp. J.} Latr., Enc. Meth. IX, p. 789, the Atlantic

(1823); '(Than. J.) Bdl.-Lec., Lep. Am. Sept., t. to the

65, (1833); (Nis. J.) Dbldy.-Hew., Gen. Diur. Mississippi

Lep. II, p. 519, (1850-1852); (Than. J.) Harris, Valley.

Ins. Inj. Veg., Flint's Ed., p. 309, (1862); (Nis.

J.) Morris, Syn., p. 114, (1862); Scud.-Burgess,

Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist, XIII, p. 297. (1870):

Kirby, Cat, p. 629, (1871); (Erynnis J.} Scud.,

Syst, Rev. Am. Butt,, p. 72, (1872).

Nis.Juvenis, Hub., Verz. Bek. Schmett., p. 108, (1816).

Nix. Costalis, Dbldy.-Hew., Gen. Diur. Lep. II, p.
519, t. 79, f. 3, (1852).

Nis. Terentius, Scud. Burg., Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat.
Hist, XIII, p. 292, (1870); Kirby, Cat., p. 629,
(1871); (Erynnis T.) Scud., Syst, Rev. Am. Butt.,
p. 71, (1872).

Nis. Ovidius, Scud -Burg., 1. c., p. 295, (1870); Kirby,
Cat,, p. 629, (1871) ; (Erynnis 0.} Scud., Syst. Rev.
Am. Butt,, p. 71, (1872).

Nis. Ennius, Scud-Burg., 1. c , p. 296, (1870) ; Kirby,
Cat., p. 629, (1871) ; (Erynnis E.} Scud., Syst, Rev.
Am. Butt,, p. 71, (1872);' (Nis. E.) Putnam, Proc.
Dav. Acad. I, p. 186, (1876).

Nis. Horatius, Scud.-Burg., 1. c., p. 301, (1870);
Kirby, Cat., p. 630, (1871); (Erynnis H.} Scud.,
Syst, Rev. Am. Butt,, p. 71, (1872).

178

CATALOGUE OF THE

Nis. Virgilius, Scud.-Burg., 1. c., p. 302, (1870);
Kirby, Cat,, p. 630, (1871); (Erynnis F.) Scud.,
Syst. Rev. Am. Butt,, p. 71, (1872).
Larva on various oaks, A\ r ild Indigo, Glycine,

Lathyrus.

t*432. PLAUTUS, SCUD.-BURG., Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat, Hist,
XIII, p. 304, (1870); Kirby, Cat,, p. 630, (1871);
(Erynnis P.) Scud., Syst. Rev. Am. Butt., p. 71,
(1872).

433. PROPERTIUS, SCUD.-BURG., Proc, Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist,

XIII, p. 299, (1870); Kirby, Cat,, p. 630, (1871);
(Erynnis P.) Scud., Syst, Rev. Am. Butt,, p. 71,
(1872).

Ms. Tibullus, Scud-Burg., Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat, Hist,
XIII, p. 298, (1870); (Erynnis T.} Scud., Syst.
Rev. Am. Butt., p. 71, (1872).

434. TRISTIS, BDL., (Than. T.) Ann. Soc. Ent, Fr. 2mc Ser.

X, p. 311, (1852); (Nis. T.) Morris, Syu., p. 115,
(1862); Scud.-Burg., Proc, Bost, Soc. Nat. Hist,
XIII, p. 303, (1870); Kirby, Cat,, p. 630, (1871);
(Erynnis T.} Scud., Syst, Rev. Am. Butt,, p. 71,
(1872); (Ms. T.) Putnam, Proc. Day. Acad., p.
186, (1876).

435. FUNERALIS, SCUD.-BURG., Proc. Bost, Soc. Nat, Hist.

XIII, p. 293, (1870); Kirby, Cat., p. 629, (1871);
(Erynnis F.) Scud., Syst, Rev. Am. Butt,, p. 71,
(1872).

f*436. PACUVIUS, LINT. MSS., W. H. Edwds., Trans. Am.
Ent, Soc. VI, (1877).

437. PERSIUS, SCUD., Proc. Ess. Ins. Ill, p. 170, (1862);

Scud.-Burg., Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist, XIII, p.
286, (1870); Kirby, Cat., p. 629, (1871); (Erynnis
P.) Scud., Syst. Rev. Am. Butt., p. 71, (1872);
(Ms. P.) Lint., Ent. Cont, 23d Rep. N. Y. State
Mus., t, 7, f. 3, 4, (1872).

var. a. LUCILIUS, LINT., Ent, Cont. 23d Rep. N. Y.
State Mus., p. 164, t, 7, f. 1, 2, (1872); Scud.-
Burg., Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat, Hist, XIII, p. 287,
(1870); Kirby, Cat,, p. 630, (1871); (Erynnis L.}
Scud., Syst. Rev. Am. Butt,, p. 71, (1872).

Ground colour not so dark ; the marks on upper surface pri-
maries more distinct.

Larva on Scarlet Columbine, (Aquilegia Canadensis).

438. MARTIALIS, SCUD., Trans. Chicago Acad. Nat, Sc. I, p.

335, (1869); Scud.-Burg., Proc. Bost, Soc. Nat.
Hist. XIII, p. 291, (1870); Kirby, Cat,, p. 629,
(1871); Lint,, Ent, Cont, 23d Rep. N. Y. State
Mus., t, 7, f. 7, 8, (1872); (Erynnis H.) Scud.,
Syst. Rev. Am. Butt,, p. 71, (1872).
Larva on Ceanothus Americanus.

Florida.

California.

California
and adjacent
territory.

Texas.

Arizona.

New Eng.,
Middle and
Western
States to the
Pacific.

From Mass,
south to the
Gulf and
west to
Texas and
Nebraska.

AMPJRICAN MACROLEPIDOPTERA NORTH OF MEXICO.

179

t*44

439. AUSONIUS, LINT., Ent. Cont. 23d Rep. N. Y. State

Mus., p. 166, t, 7, f. 11, 12, (1872).

440. BRIZO, BDL.-LEC., (Than. B.} Lep. Am. Sept., t. 66,

(1833); Bdl., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 2me Ser. X, p.
310, (1852); (Nis. B.) Dbldy.-Hew., Gen. Diur.
Lep. II, p. 520, (1850-1852); (Than. B.) Harris,
Ins. Inj.A T eg., Flint's Ed. p. 309, f. 132, (1862) ; (Nis.
B.) Morris, Syn., p. 114, (1862); Scud.-Burg.,
Proc. Bost. Soc'. Nat. Hist, XIII, p. 289, (1870);
Kirby, Cat., p. 629, (1871); Lint., Ent. Cont. 23d
Rep. N. Y. State Mas., t. 7, f. 9, 10, (1872) ; (Eryn-
nis B.} Send., Syst, Rev. Am. Butt., p. 71, (1872).
Larva on Oaks, Wild Indigo.

441. ICELUS, LINT., Ent. Cont. 23d Rep. N. Y. State Mus.,

p. 162, t. 7, f. 5, 6, (1872); Seud.-Burg., Proc.
Bost, Soc. Nat. Hist, XIII, p. 288, (1870); Kirby,
Cat,, p. 630, (1871) ; (Erynnis I.) Scud., Syst. Rev.
Am. Butt,, ]). 71, (1872).

442. TAGES, var. CERVANTES, GRASL., (Than. C.) Ann. Soc.

Ent, Fr. p. 558, t. 17, B, f. 1, 2, (1836); Bdl., 1.
c., 2me Ser. X, p. 310, (1852) ; (Erynnis C.} Ramb.,
Cat, Lep. And., p. 83, (1857); (Nis. v. C